RU2723767C2 - Pneumatic machine for forming holes in the jaw bones in osteosynthesis surgery - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, particularly to surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, and can be used to form holes in the jaw bones during osteosynthesis. Device for forming holes in jaw bones during osteosynthesis operation comprises a housing, inside which on bearing supports shaft is installed, equipped on one side with collet clamp for attachment and rotation of cutting tool. On the other side, the shaft is connected to a small-sized turbine drive equipped with a rotational speed regulator, an axial microturbine, a rotational speed sensor and a compressed air flow controller. Flow controller is configured to supply compressed air from compressed air source to input of microturbine, as well as reduced supply of compressed air, when the rotational speed measured by the sensor exceeds the rated value, by moving the slide valve and closing the bushing bypass windows.

EFFECT: increases the reliability of osteosynthesis, device is minimally invasive and provides constant rated rotational speed with change of load on cutting tool.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, and can be used to form holes in the jaw bones during osteosynthesis.

The objective of the invention is to create a device for the safe formation of holes in the jaw bones for osteofixers in patients with fractures of the lower jaw, providing strong osteosynthesis with reliable immobilization of fragments and their compression. The invention provides increased reliability of osteosynthesis due to the gentle effect on bone tissue in connection with a lower temperature effect. The aim of this invention is the creation of a minimally invasive device that provides a constant nominal speed when changing the load on the cutting tool, which has a lower mass and dimensions in comparison with analogues.

A known method of osteosynthesis by intraosseous insertion of a metal rod when exposing the fracture zone and reposition of fragments with linear and coarse fractures of the lower jaw [1]

A known method of osteosynthesis by applying a bone suture with a ligature (wire, thread, etc.) when exposing the fracture zone, forming holes in the fragments for ligature and reposition of fragments in fractures of the lower jaw [2]. A known method of osteosynthesis M.S. Nazarova, the introduction of a metal knitting needle when exposing the fracture zone, reposition of fragments and placing a wire loop in the osseous bone during a fracture in the chin region [3].

In the USA in 1942 (JB Brown and F. MDowell) described the technique of closed insertion of needles (without cutting soft tissues) and proposed a number of devices for this purpose, such as knitting needles with a threaded and three-blade end, a guide for the knitting needle, a special electric drill [4 ].

There is a method of osteosynthesis by the intraosseous introduction of a thin metal spoke using an electric drill (drill) through a puncture of the skin with linear and large-fragmented fractures of the lower jaw [5].

The disadvantages of the proposed electric drill (drill) - the electric motor is low-power for drilling bones, uncontrolled rotation speed of the cutter leads to bone burns, high consumption of compressed air when used. This device is taken by us as a prototype.

The identified shortcomings of the prototype and similar tools and techniques served as the basis for the creation of a new device in which the above disadvantages will be eliminated.

The technical result of the use of the invention is to ensure the safe formation of bone holes during osteosynthesis, increasing the reliability of their fixation of bone fragments.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the design of the proposed pneumatic machine a small-sized turbo drive with a speed controller based on an axial microturbine is used as an engine.

The device is a housing, inside of which a shaft is mounted on the bearings, having a collet on the outside for mounting the cutting tool. On the other side of the shaft, a small turbo drive is installed, consisting of an axial microturbine, a rotational speed sensor and a flow controller for the working fluid.

The invention is illustrated by graphic material.

The figure 1 shows the appearance of a pneumatic machine design of the author;

In figure 2 is a sectional view of a pneumatic machine.

During the operation of an author-designed pneumatic machine, compressed air from a power source is supplied through a flow regulator to the inlet of the microturbine. In a microturbine, it expands and, passing through the interscapular channels of the nozzle apparatus and the impeller, performs mechanical work to rotate the shaft with a cutting tool.

If the shaft speed is less than the nominal value, then the compressed air passes unhindered through the passage windows of the flow regulator sleeve and completely enters the microturbine.

If the shaft speed starts to exceed the nominal value, then the speed sensor moves the spool to cover the sleeve bypass windows. In this case, the flow regulator reduces the amount of compressed air entering the microturbine. This reduces the power of the latter and reduces the speed to the nominal level. The nominal speed is controlled to an accuracy of ± 10%.

The advantages of the presented device are:

1) Reducing the time of the operation by increasing the speed of cutting bone tissue;

2) The strength of the impact with a cutting tool allows you to not cause bone tissue in the operated area;

3) The pneumatic machine has significantly less vibration compared to similar pneumatic machines with rotary engines;

4) The proposed device is much lighter and more mobile during operation.

Thus, the operation takes place with minimal trauma and with a higher speed and convenience of its implementation.

The present invention is possible and appropriate to use in hospital treatment for operations on the jaw bones.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Lukyanenko V.I. Emergency dental care. M. 1976, p. 232

2. Kozlov V.A. Emergency inpatient dental care. M. 1988

3. Dentistry. 1966, N 5, p. 36-39

4. Brovn J.B., McDowell F. Internal wire fixation of jaw fractures with noteon externalbar fixation. Surg., Gen. Obst. 1942. Vol. 75. p. 368

5. Makienko M.A. Dentistry 1980, N 2, c. 45-50

Claims (1)

A device for forming holes in the jaw bones during an osteosynthesis operation, comprising a housing inside which a shaft is mounted on the bearings, provided with a collet clamp for fastening and rotating the cutting tool on one side, characterized in that the shaft is connected on the other hand with a small turbo drive equipped with a speed controller, an axial microturbine, a speed sensor and a compressed air flow controller, while the flow controller is configured to supply compressed air from a compressed air source to the microturbine inlet, as well as to reduce the compressed air supply when the speed measured by the sensor exceeds the nominal value, by moving the spool and closing the sleeve bypass windows.

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