RU27236U1 - DEVICE FOR LOCATION OF LEAKS OF GAS AND OIL PRODUCTS FROM PIPELINE - Google Patents

Description

DEVICE FOR FINDING GAS-AND-LEAKAGE PLACES

OIL PRODUCTS NZ PIPELINE

The utility model relates mainly to the design of mobile stations for detecting hydrocarbon leaks from gas pipelines and oil pipelines and can be used in the gas and oil industry for continuous quality control of pipelines in operation.

A known installation for gas analysis during continuous profiling of water areas, containing a system for geochemical analysis of water samples (GAPV) located on a specialized vehicle and a vessel and connected to it a means of geodetic reference points observation (GPPN). (Certificate of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 23340, G 01 V 9/00, publ. 2002).

In this device, the HAPV includes a series-connected water intake,

a degasser, gas chromatograph, and a unit for collecting and processing geochemical information performed in the form of a personal computer with an additional memory unit and a plotter. The degasser includes a water line, a control unit for adjusting the water supply speed (KRSV), a device for discharging water from the water line, a flow tank, a carrier gas supply unit, a degassing chamber with an additional discharge means (DR) installed in it, and a means for discharging water from the degassing chambers, gas pump and metering tap. The KRSV block and the device for discharging water from the water main are connected to the water main. The inputs of the flow tank are connected to the KRSV unit and to the carrier gas supply unit. The inlet of the degassing chamber is connected to the outlet of the flow tank. The first outlet of the degassing chamber is connected to a water discharge means. The second input of the degassing chamber through a gas pump is connected to a metering valve, the control input of which is connected to a personal computer. The water main is the entrance of the degasser. The outlet of the degasser tap is the outlet of the degasser and is connected to a gas chromatograph.

In addition, in an additional embodiment of this utility model, the NAVSTAR and / or GLONASS in differential mode satellite navigation systems equipment was used as a means of GPPN.

The advantage of this design is the possibility of continuous monitoring of the state of pipelines laid under water, as well as a large sensitivity of leaks due to the use of gas chromatogroff.

G 01 V 9/00 Its limitations are: providing the ability to study gas or oil leaks only for pipelines located under water, and the inability to control pipelines located deep in the ground; design complexity. The closest is a device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from the pipeline, containing a vehicle, an element for opening the soil layer connected to the vehicle, an element for sampling gas from under the soil layer, made in the form of a gas intake - a piece of pipe, open end which is located along the vehicle behind the element for opening the soil, a pump with a filter installed on the vehicle for supplying a gas sample and separating soil particles is connected to the other end of the segment tube, for recording the presence of a gas appliance mounted on a vehicle and whose input is connected to the output of the pump with the filter and the outlet to a receiving device with an indicator. (US Patent No. 3106089, n.p. 73-40.5, publ. 1963). This device is designed to determine the location of leaks from pipelines located below the surface of the earth. The device consists of a vehicle on which a plow is installed with hydraulic adjustment of the depth of plowing, i.e., selection of soil air. Air is sucked off by the vacuum manifold of the vehicle engine. The sampled air is cleaned of mechanical particles and fed to the device for detecting the presence of gas - an infrared spectrometer, where the absorption of a certain wavelength is used to judge the qualitative and partially quantitative composition of the gas. Design limitations are: - the vacuum manifold of the engine has high performance, which is extremely undesirable because a large amount of atmospheric air is sucked in, which dilutes the soil gas tens and hundreds of times. Experimental work showed that the amount of free gas in the soil from an area of 2-3 dm will be no more than 100-150 cubic centimeters; - dilution of soil gas with atmospheric air sharply reduces the accuracy of the method; the sensitivity of the infrared spectrometer in the gas stream is clearly insufficient, and taking into account gas dilution, the probability of skipping anomalous zones increases sharply, the sensitivity decreases hundreds of times; , due to the use of a conventional visual indicator, it is not possible to automatically link the location of the vehicle and the place of leakage in the process of moving the vehicle. In additional embodiments of the device: there is no mechanism for linking coordinates with gas saturation of rocks; pre-installation of things on which the vehicle moves will lead to higher cost of work and reduced productivity; -lack of route-search equipment; gas and oil pipelines pass under roads and railways, overpasses, etc. In such places, the vehicle cannot move. In additional embodiments, the device is not equipped with equipment for occasional sampling of gas and rock; - gas and oil pipelines pass through cities, territories of oil depots, in the zone of explosive disturbances, etc., where there may be hydrocarbon contamination of the soil not associated with gas pipelines. The device is not equipped with rock sampling mechanisms, such as a motor drill; - gas and oil pipelines pass through small water barriers, so the ground station must be equipped with equipment for occasional water sampling with its subsequent degassing. This equipment is absent in the device; lack of equipment for binding the gas field to coordinates; - each detected anomalous zone should be detailed immediately after its detection, however, the listed disadvantages do not allow to detail the detected anomalous zone. The task of the utility model is to increase the quality and speed of detecting gas and oil product leaks. The technical result that can be obtained by performing a useful dress is to increase the accuracy of the analysis, the speed of data processing, remembering the data obtained during the movement of the vehicle and linking the data of leak analysis to the specific location of the transport vehicle. Additional technical result that can be obtained with

providing the ability to move the vehicle directly above the pipeline without the use of milestones, the implementation, as necessary, of occasional sampling of gas from the aquatic environment or in places of road construction.

To solve the problem with achieving the specified technical result in a known device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from a pipeline containing a vehicle, an element for opening the soil layer connected to the vehicle, an element for sampling gas from under the soil layer, made in in the form of a gas intake - a pipe segment, the open end of which is located along the vehicle behind the element for opening the soil, a pump with a filter installed on the transport means for supplying a gas sample and separating soil particles connected to the other end of the tube segment, a device for detecting the presence of gas mounted on the vehicle and the input of which is connected to the outlet of the pump with a filter, and the outlet to a receiving device with an indicator, according to the claimed design, the device for gas detection is made from a chromatograph with a sensitivity of at least 10x10 vol. % equipped with an analog-to-digital converter for converting the induction current of the chromatograph detector into a digital signal, a computer with a monitor, the input connector of which is connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter, is used as a receiving device with an indicator.

There are additional options for performing a utility model, in which it is advisable to:

- a block has been introduced to determine the coordinates of the vehicle’s location, installed on it and made with a digital output connected to the input connector of the computer;

-basically introduced route-search equipment installed on the vehicle and the indicator of which is located in the vehicle cabin;

- A drilling rig installed on a vehicle was introduced.

-the water intake and vacuum degasser were connected in series, and the output of the vacuum degasser is connected to the input of the chromatograph.

The indicated advantages, as well as the features of the present utility model, are explained by the best embodiment of its implementation with reference to the attached drawing.

The figure depicts a functional diagram of the posted claimed equipment on a vehicle.

A device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from the pipeline (Fig.) Contains a vehicle 1. Element 2 for opening the soil layer is connected to the vehicle 1. Element 3 for sampling gas from under the soil layer, made in the form of a gas intake - a section of tube , the open end 4 of which is located along the vehicle behind the element 2 for opening the soil. A pump 5 with a filter 6 is mounted on a vehicle 1 for supplying a gas sample and separating soil particles and is connected to the other end 7 of the length of the gas intake pipe. The device 8 for detecting the presence of gas is installed on the vehicle 1. The input of the device 8 is connected to the output of the pump 5 with the filter 6, and the output to the receiving device 9 with the indicator 10.

The device 8 for detecting the presence of gas is made of a chromatograph with a sensitivity of at least 10x10 volume. % equipped with an analog-to-digital Converter 11 (ADC) for converting the induction current of the chromatograph detector into a digital signal. As a receiving device 9 with indicator 10, a computer with a monitor is used, the input connector of which is connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter 11. The figure also shows the compressor 12, filters 13, and detector 14 connected in series as part of a conventional gas chromatograph. The output of the detector 14 is connected to the input of the ADC 11.

In addition, a unit 15 can be inserted into the device for determining the coordinates of the location of the vehicle 1, mounted on it and made with a digital output connected to the input connector of the computer.

Trace-search equipment 16, installed on the vehicle and indicator 17 of which is located in the cab of the vehicle 1, can be introduced into the device.

A drilling rig 18 mounted on a vehicle 1 may be introduced.

A water intake 19 and a vacuum degasser 20 connected in series can be introduced. The output of the vacuum degasser 20 is connected to the input of the chromatograph.

The device operates (Fig.) As follows.

The proposed method of work, based on the continuous study of the gas field of the soil layer over the gas pipeline, is much more effective than the existing methods used in Russia, namely, methods based on the study of the gas value of atmospheric air over the gas pipeline, which is currently widely used in Russia.

An emergency does not occur instantly, but over a long time. Initially, micro-concentrations of hydrocarbon gases (HCG) penetrate into overburden deposits over the pipeline and saturate them. As shown by many years of environmental research, in dozens of storage areas for technological waste at a depth of 0-1 meters, the methane concentration can reach several tens of percent. And even in this case, in atmospheric air, taken in close proximity to the surface (up to 1 m), the methane concentration will be background, since the constant exchange of gas with the atmosphere at the earth-air interface can reach hundreds of times, and, given the insignificant flow of gas into atmosphere and its dispersion, only background concentrations will be recorded in the air.

Therefore, in order to prevent an emergency, it is necessary to continuously determine the content of UVG in the soil air over a gas pipeline at a depth of 10-40 cm.

To accomplish this, vehicle 1 moves along the gas and oil pipeline route (Fig.). On the vehicle 1 (all-wheel drive vehicle, tractor, etc.), an element 2 is installed for opening the soil layer (the mechanism of destruction of the soil layer), such as a plow or plane cutter, reduced in size and protected on the sides. This mechanism is designed in such a way that it breaks the soil layer, thereby producing mechanical degassing of the soil. It allows you to select both free gases and slightly sorbed gases.

Mechanism; m plow is not fixed rigidly, and, therefore, is not susceptible to breakage when passing solid sections of soil (large stones). Its immersion in the soil can be regulated either by adding a lead load. The maximum weight of the cargo reaches 30 kg. Or a pneumatic device rigidly connected to a degassing plow such as brake devices of ZIL, MAZ, KAMAZ, etc. Since the air is compressed, when an element 2 - a plow hits a stone, it bends around it from the bottom up. As soon as the obstacle is passed, the element 2 is again immersed in the soil, thus, one of the significant disadvantages of the closest analogue device can be eliminated.

Element 3 for sampling gas from under the soil layer is made in the form of a gas intake - a pipe segment, the open end 4 of which is located along the vehicle behind element 2 for opening the soil layer.

6

From under the element 2 for opening the soil, gas in a small volume through the element 3 is sucked in by the pump 5. The pump 5, depending on its type, can be located along the gas in front of or behind the filter 6. For continuous chromatographic hydrocarbon gas analysis, one cubic centimeter of gas is sufficient, and therefore the claimed device only sucks in the soil gas. This is one of the significant advantages over the above device.

The gas sucked up by the pump 5 is cleaned of the mechanical particles by the filter 6. As a filter 6, a rag, water, felt type of filters can be used. Given the small amount of gas taken off, the filter 6 may have small dimensions, which is important for a field station.

The purified gas from the filter 6 of the overall system is sucked in in a small volume by the compressor 12 of the chromatograph. The gas is again cleaned of mechanical impurities and moisture by filters 13 installed directly in the chromatograph and then through the chromatogrof metering device (not shown in Fig.), The gas is supplied to the detector 14 of the chromatograph.

The device 8 for detecting the presence of gas - a chromatograph used in the claimed design as an analyzing device - is a significant and caiMoe. one of the cardinal differences of the proposed station from the above analogue. As shown by preliminary tests, a device with a sensitivity of at least 10x10 volume should be used in the chromatography used to solve the problem and achieve the claimed technical result. %

For the proposed device, a special chromatograph was manufactured at the Moscow Plant Chromatograph, which allows continuous determination of the content of hydrocarbon gases in the gas stream and is equipped with software (Gosstandard of Russia No. 1891999. Hardware-software complex Z-Chrom). to build the dependence of the gas saturation of the soil on the distance along the route. The sensitivity of the chromatograph is 10x10 volume percent. For analysis, other chromatographs of the brand XIIM-2, HPM-4 can also be used. These are specially made field chromatographs, small-sized, powered by rechargeable batteries.

appropriate software for storing its value and displaying it on a monitor screen or for subsequent printing by a printer.

In addition, in modifications of the device, a block 15 can be introduced into it for determining the coordinates of the location of the vehicle 1, made with a digital output connected to the input connector of the computer. The determined coordinates during the movement of the vehicle 1 are entered into the computer and linked to the data on the saturation of soil deposits. This coordinate data can be simultaneously displayed with gas saturation data, for example, on a graph, or saved in the form of tables for subsequent printing. As a block 15 can be used satellite navigation equipment, for example, a GPS device Garmin 195, manufactured by Trimble (France) with the accompanying software PCX5AVD, supplied with GPS.

To implement the direction of movement of the vehicle 1 along the pipe and adjusting the movement can be carried out search-tracking equipment 16, the signal from which the indicator 17 is supplied to the driver. Indicator 17 indicates a deviation of movement from the pipeline. As the equipment 16, various devices based on the principle of operation of metal detectors can be used, for example, KOMAR, KOMAR 1 route detectors.

As generally agreed, the multipurpose purpose of the proposed device, made in the form of a combination of equipment, is the determination of hydrocarbon leaks from gas and oil pipelines, which inevitably occur under various conditions, namely:

Under roads and railways, overpasses, etc., where no vehicle can travel. Without a doubt, the integrity of the pipeline should also be given in such places. To do this, occasional sampling of gas from depths of up to 1 meter is necessary in such areas, depending on the relief and technical conditions. Therefore, the claimed device can be additionally equipped with a drilling rig 18 mounted on the vehicle 1. As a drilling rig 18 can be used various commercially available installation URB - 12/25.

The selection procedure is as follows. A depression is made in the soil to a depth of 1 meter and gas is taken from the bottom of the hole using a piston pump such as a syringe or

5(.

rubber pears. The selected gas is evacuated to the barbator and then analyzed on the device 8.

Gas and oil pipelines pass through oil and gas fields, gas storages, explosive faults, cities, etc. The length of pipelines in such places can reach many tens of linear kilometers. Naturally, in such areas, the detected hydrocarbon anomalies may not be associated with hydrocarbon leaks from gas and oil pipelines. On such anomalies, detailed work must be carried out without fail, namely:

drilling wells up to 25 meters deep. Drilling can be carried out by domestic motor drills or a drilling rig URB-12/25

gas sampling with samplers with further analysis for 12 hydrocarbon components, in order to determine the gas composition on a chromatograph.

Gas and oil pipelines also pass through small water barriers. To analyze the presence of gas in water, a water intake 19 and a vacuum degasser 20 are connected in series.

In places where the water is located, occasionally, after 2-3 meters, water samples are taken. The selected water is degassed on a degasser 20. The gas recovered from the water is then analyzed on a chromatograph (similar to the known RU, U1, 23340). To do this, it is fed to the inlet of the chromatograph, for example, through an adapter-switch 21 installed at the inlet of the chromatograph for decoupling the circuits of a pump 5 with a filter 6 or a water intake 19 and a vacuum degasser 20.

In a swampy area where no mode of transport can pass, including caterpillar, pedestrian continuous hydrocarbon surveys can be carried out. This survey is carried out using transport equipment 1 - a hand-held walk-behind tractor of the Krot type, “Neva with a light truck, on which the claimed device is installed.

The most successfully claimed device for detecting a mess of leaks of gas and oil products from a pipeline can be industrially applicable for out-of-pipe diagnostics of the integrity of gas and oil pipelines, and can also be used to search for leaks of hydrocarbons from gas storage and oil and gas fields; determining the prospects for exploratory areas in the oil and gas bearing field, and for conducting environmental research.

Claims (5)

1. A device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from the pipeline, containing a vehicle, an element for opening the soil layer connected to the vehicle, an element for sampling gas from under the soil layer, made in the form of a gas intake - a piece of tube, the open end of which located along the vehicle behind the element for opening the soil, a pump with a filter mounted on the vehicle for supplying a gas sample and separating soil particles, connected to the other end of the segment tubes, a device for detecting the presence of gas installed on the vehicle and the input of which is connected to the output of the pump with a filter, and the output to a receiving device with an indicator, characterized in that the device for detecting the presence of gas is made of a chromatograph with a sensitivity of at least 10x10 ^-4 volume .%, equipped with an analog-to-digital converter for converting the induction current of the chromatograph detector to a digital signal, a computer with a monitor and an input connector cerned is connected to the output of analog-to-digital converter.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit for determining the coordinates of the vehicle’s location is installed on it and made with a digital output connected to the input connector of the computer.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the route-search equipment installed on the vehicle and the indicator of which is located in the vehicle cabin is introduced.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the introduced drilling rig mounted on a vehicle. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a water intake and a vacuum degasser are connected in series, and the output of the vacuum degasser is connected to the input of the chromatograph.