RU2723406C1 - Potato plant selection method with high content of anthocyans - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.SUBSTANCE: invention represents a method for sampling potatoes with high content of anthocyans, which involves selecting initial parent forms, obtaining hybrids, sampling and analyzing them, characterized by that in the mass flowering period of plants, samples with a red-violet colouration of the flowers are selected, and on 60th day after planting, specimens with red and pink colouration of tubers peel are extracted from them, wherein pelargonidine 3-glucoside content is 78–95 mg/kg.EFFECT: proposed invention will make it possible to accelerate and simplify the method of sampling potatoes with high content of anthocyans in skin of tubers when creating new varieties and reduce labor intensity.1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to plant breeding and can be used for sampling potatoes in order to create varieties with a high content of anthocyanins (pelargonidine 3-glucoside) in the tuber peel.

The use of the peel of potato tubers in the production of natural food colors is a relevant and cost-effective direction. This is explained, firstly, by the non-waste production of potato products, where the tuber pulp is used to obtain chips, fries, starch, alcohol, and the peel is used to extract anthocyanins - plant pigments from it. Secondly, the concentration of pigments in large quantities is concentrated in the peel, and not in the pulp of the potato tuber. Thirdly, individual anthocyanins are easier to extract from the peel than from the tuber itself, since starch grains are present in its pulp, which impede the extraction of glucoside substances - pelargonidin 3-glucoside. Pelargonidine 3-glucoside is one of six anthocyanin compounds, has a simple structure and is a red substance. Pelargonidine 3-glucoside injection reduces the level of glucose in human blood and increases the level of insulin in the blood serum and then reduces the level of hemoglobin glycosylation. The use of pelargonidine 3-glucoside in human nutrition makes it possible to protect human skin cells from UV (A) rays and less DNA damage at a concentration of from 0.05 mg / ml to 0.5 mg / ml. Pelargonidine 3-glucoside is believed to be found in the highest amounts in strawberries. The contribution of potatoes, as a source of this glucoside, is much higher due to the amount of its consumption, the possibility of year-round use, which can not be said about strawberries, which is characterized by the seasonality of growing and the high cost of berries.

A known method of breeding varieties with colored tuber pulp, including the study of the original forms and their inclusion in the cross (see, for example, Taykov V.V., Udovitsky A.S., Kira S.D., Dergileva T.T., Ahmet A .Z. A new variety of potato Kira with colored pulp of tubers was created jointly by breeders of Kazakhstan and Russia. - Sat Proceedings of the international distance scientific-practical conference. "Actual issues of horticulture and potato growing", 2018. - P. 377-382).

The disadvantage of the method of breeding varieties with colored pulp is the lack of study of the color of other parts of plants (corolla inflorescences, peel), which increases the duration of the study and does not allow to take samples at the initial stages of selection.

There is also a method of creating a starting material of potatoes with colored pulp of tubers (see, for example, Kozlov V.A. Creating a starting material of potatoes with colored pulp of tubers. - Potato growing: collection of scientific papers / RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of NAS Belarus on potato growing and horticulture ”; editorial: S. A. Turko (Ch. Ed.) And others - Minsk, 2014. - T. 22. - S. 29-34).

The disadvantage of the method of creating the source material of potatoes with colored pulp of tubers is the lack of research on the correspondence of the color of parts of plants with the quantitative content of anthocyanins and their identification.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the method of sampling potatoes with a high content of anthocyanins in the skin of the tuber and their identification, leading to accelerated breeding of varieties with antioxidant properties.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the method of sampling potatoes with a high content of anthocyanins, including the selection of the initial parental forms, obtaining hybrids, sampling and analysis, characterized in that in the phase of mass flowering of plants, samples with red-violet color of the corolla of inflorescences are isolated, and on the 60th day after planting, samples with red and pink color of the tuber peel, in which the content of pelargonidin 3-glucoside is 78-95 mg / kg, are isolated from them.

Compared with the prototype, the features of the inventive step of the proposed method for sampling potatoes with a high content of anthocyanins in the skin of tubers is as follows:

1. "... in the phase of mass flowering of plants, samples with red-violet color of the corolla of inflorescences are distinguished ...", which allows:

- at the initial stage, conduct visual sampling, which helps to increase the efficiency of sampling;

- reduce the number of samples and their analyzes, as it is carried out in a short time, during the observation period and for the specific color of the corolla of inflorescences (red-violet);

- reduces the time of sampling potatoes.

2. "... on the 60th day after planting, samples with red and pink color of the tuber peel are isolated from them ...", which allows:

- use this selection in a complex for economically valuable traits (early maturity), as it is carried out in the phase when active tuber accumulation occurs;

- reduce the complexity and time for sampling, since no additional assessment methods are required and varieties and hybrids with pink and red peel are selected.

3. "... in which the content of pelargonidine 3-glucoside is 78-95 mg / kg.", Which allows:

- to conclude that the high content of anthocyanins in the skin of tubers, which increases the antioxidant activity of potato samples;

- find a connection between the red and pink color of the tuber peel with the content of pelargonidine 3-glucoside;

- to take samples of potatoes with a high content of pelargonidine 3-glucoside, which contributes to the use of selected hybrids in targeted crosses for a high content of anthocyanins.

The signs indicated in the distinctive part of the description of the achievement of the goal prove that the claimed method has novelty. The combination of features shown in the comparison of the properties of the claimed and known solutions, gives reason to conclude that the claimed method has an inventive step.

The proposed method of sampling potatoes with a high content of anthocyanins in the peel of the potato is as follows. Potato samples with a planting rate of 38 thousand seed tubers per hectare are planted in the prepared soil at the breeding site, planting pattern 90x30, where 90 is the row spacing, cm; 30 - the distance between the planted seed tubers, see. In total, 150-250 varieties of 5-50 pieces of tubers are planted annually. During the growing season they carry out all agrotechnical methods (inter-row cultivation, destruction of weeds and pests, treatment against fungal diseases). When evaluating the samples, phenological observations are carried out according to the Methodological instructions of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Production N.I. Vavilova (St. Petersburg, 2010). With the achievement of plants, the phase of mass flowering produces a visual assessment of the color of the corolla of inflorescences on a nine-point scale throughout the plot: 1 - white; 2 - cream; 4 pink; 5 - red-violet; 7 - blue; 8 - blue-violet; 9 - dark purple.

On the 60th day after planting, dynamic digging is carried out on three bushes from the plot to determine the precocity of potato varieties. At the same time, a visual assessment of the color of the peel of the tubers is carried out on a nine-point scale: 1 - white; 2 - light yellow; 3 - yellow; 4 - tan; 5 - pink; 6 - red; 7 - red-violet; 8 - blue-violet; 9 is dark purple. Samples of potatoes with red and pink coloration of the tuber peel are sampled to determine the content and identification of anthocyanins in the peel. 3-4 tubers weighing 40 grams or more are taken from each sample, in which anthocyanins are determined by mass spectrometry using an Amazon SL trap (Bruker, Germany).

The research results are presented in tables 1, 2.

Analysis of table 1 shows that the plants of potato varieties with a red-purple rim of the inflorescence have pink and red tuber peel color.

Note. The arithmetic mean values of the parameters in the context of varieties and their confidence intervals (± SEM) are given.

The results of table 2 show that potato samples with pink and red skin peels have high concentrations of anthocyanins - pelargonidine 3-glucoside (78.3 ± 0.3, 95.4 ± 0.3) compared with varieties with a different tuber peel color .

The application of the present invention will speed up and simplify the method of sampling potatoes with a high content of anthocyanins in the skin of tubers when creating new varieties and reduce its complexity and costs.

Claims (1)

The method of sampling potatoes with a high content of anthocyanins, including the selection of the initial parental forms, obtaining hybrids, sampling and analysis, characterized in that in the phase of mass flowering of plants, samples with red-violet color of the corolla of inflorescences are isolated, and on the 60th day after planting from them emit samples with red and pink coloring of the tuber peel, in which the content of pelargonidine 3-glucoside is 78-95 mg / kg.