RU2723283C1 - Lubrication system and method of lubricating bearings of a plant for generating heat and mechanical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to systems for lubrication of rotating elements of power plants, for example, steam and gas unit for generation of heat and mechanical energy. System for lubrication of bearings of an installation for generating heat and mechanical energy comprises water accumulator (6), the output of which is connected to the input of circulating pump (9) of the water circuit, which is configured to supply water to first (10) and second (11) bearing assemblies of steam-gas turbine (2). Besides, the second bearing assembly (11) of steam-gas turbine (2) is connected to unit (4) of heat and water recycling, which is connected to the input of water accumulator (6). Besides, the lubrication system contains accumulator (8) of liquid carbon dioxide, the output of which is connected to circulating pump (12) of the carbon dioxide circuit, which is made with the possibility of supply of liquid carbon dioxide to first (13) and second (14) bearing assemblies of the carbon dioxide compressor (3). Second bearing assembly (14) of carbon dioxide compressor (3) is connected to tank-separator (7) so that carbon dioxide can be supplied into it, and separator tank (7) contains two outputs and is made so, to enable supply of liquid carbon dioxide through first outlet and pump (15) for discharging liquid carbon dioxide from separator tank (7) to unit (5) for recycling heat and carbon dioxide, and is also configured to feed gaseous carbon dioxide through a second outlet and a line for discharging gaseous carbon dioxide (16) into a gas outlet system of the plant for generating thermal and mechanical energy before carbon dioxide compressor (3). Each bearing assembly comprises at least one bearing. Also disclosed is a method of lubricating bearings of an apparatus for generating heat and mechanical energy.

EFFECT: technical result consists in reduction of heat stress of moving elements of power plant structure, increase in efficiency of using media circulating in plant, as well as increase in reliability of installation.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system, and in particular to lubrication systems for rotating elements of power plants, for example, a combined-cycle plant for generating thermal and mechanical energy.

A known installation for generating mechanical and thermal energy (see RF patent 2651918 publ. 04.24.2018), selected as the closest analogue, containing a combustion chamber and a combined cycle gas turbine, gas exhaust system, which consists of heat recovery units connected in series through a carbon dioxide compressor and water and heat and carbon dioxide, and the output of the combined cycle gas turbine is connected in series with the heat and water recovery unit, a carbon dioxide compressor and the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit, the heat and water recovery unit including a heat exchanger of a regenerative water heater, a heat exchanger of a regenerative carbon dioxide and oxygen heater, a heat consumer heat exchanger and a carbon fuel regenerative heater configured to transfer heat to a heat consumer and a carbon heat fuel regenerative heater heat exchanger located on a fuel supply line to the combustion chamber, a heat exchanger an external heat transfer carrier and a heat exchanger of the refrigeration machine, and a heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit includes a heat consumer heat exchanger, an external heat transfer heat exchanger heat exchanger, a refrigeration machine heat exchanger, a carbon-containing fuel regenerative heater heat exchanger and a regenerative oxygen heater heat exchanger, and the input of the combined cycle gas turbine the output of the combustion chamber, which is connected through the heat exchanger of the regenerative heater of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the heat exchanger of the regenerative heater of oxygen and the oxygen pump regulator with an oxygen source, through the heat exchanger of the regenerative heater of carbon-containing fuel, the heat exchanger of the regenerative heater of carbon-containing fuel in the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit and the fuel pump - a regulator - with a source of carbon-containing fuel, through a heat exchanger of a regenerative water heater and a water pump-regulator - with a water accumulator, and through a heat exchanger of a regenerative carbon dioxide and oxygen heater and a carbon dioxide pump controller, with a liquid carbon dioxide accumulator, the combustion chamber being configured to operate at a pressure of at least 7.5 MPa, the combined cycle gas turbine is capable of exhaust gas discharge with pressure 0.2-0.9 MPa, the carbon dioxide compressor is capable of compressing gas to at least 3.5 MPa, and the water and carbon dioxide control pumps are configured to pump water and carbon dioxide with a pressure of at least 7.5 MPa . The disadvantages include the high thermal stress of moving structural elements, as well as the insufficient (low utilization of media) use of media circulating in the installation.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to eliminate these disadvantages of the closest analogue.

The technical result consists in reducing the heat stress of moving structural elements of a power plant, increasing the use of media circulating in the installation, as well as increasing the reliability of the installation, while increasing the reliability of the installation by using the same media that circulate in the installation.

The technical result is achieved by the lubrication system of the bearings of the installation for generating thermal and mechanical energy, containing a water storage (6), the output of which is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump (9) of the water circuit, which is configured to supply water to the first (10) and second (11) the bearing assemblies of the combined cycle gas turbine (2), the second bearing assembly (11) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) connected to the heat and water recovery unit (4), which is connected to the inlet of the water storage unit (6), in addition, the lubrication system contains a storage unit (8) liquid carbon dioxide, the output of which is connected to the circulation pump (12) of the carbon dioxide circuit, which is configured to supply liquid carbon dioxide to the first (13) and second (14) bearing units of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), the second bearing unit (14) the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is connected to the separator tank (7) in such a way as to allow the supply of carbon dioxide into it, and the separator tank The ator (7) contains two exits and is made in such a way as to allow liquid carbon dioxide to be supplied through the first outlet and pump (15) for removing liquid carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) to the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5), and it is also configured to supply carbon dioxide gas through a second outlet and a carbon dioxide gas removal line (16) to a gas exhaust system of the plant for generating thermal and mechanical energy in front of a carbon dioxide compressor (3), each bearing assembly comprising at least one bearing.

The separator tank (7) is configured to supply carbon dioxide gas through a second outlet and a carbon dioxide gas removal line (16) to a heat and water recovery unit (4).

The first bearing assembly (10) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) is located on the high pressure side of the gas mixture entering the combined cycle gas turbine (2) from the combustion chamber (1), and the second bearing assembly (11) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) is located on the low pressure side gas-vapor mixture.

The first bearing assembly (13) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is located on the outlet side of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), and the second bearing assembly (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is located on the inlet side of the carbon dioxide compressor (3).

In addition, the technical result is achieved by the method of lubricating the bearings of the installation for generating thermal and mechanical energy, including a bearing lubrication system, according to which at least part of the water from the water reservoir (6) by the circulation pump (9) of the water circuit is directed to the first bearing assembly (10) of a combined cycle gas turbine (2) and then sent to a second bearing assembly (11) of a combined cycle gas turbine (2), after which the water is sent to a heat and water recovery unit (4), in addition at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide from the liquid storage (8) carbon dioxide circulation pump (12) the liquid carbon dioxide circuit is directed to the first bearing unit (13) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) and then sent to the second bearing unit (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), after which the carbon dioxide is sent to the separator tank ( 7), where carbon dioxide is separated into liquid and gaseous, while liquid carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) n the liquid carbon dioxide removal by the asosome (15) is sent to the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5), and the carbon dioxide gas from the separator tank (7) is sent via the carbon dioxide gas removal line (16) to the gas exhaust system of the installation for generating thermal and mechanical energy in front of a carbon dioxide compressor (3).

Gaseous carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) is sent along the line (16) of the removal of gaseous carbon dioxide to the heat and water recovery unit (4).

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials.

The figure shows the installation diagram, which indicates the following elements: 1. combustion chamber;

2. combined-cycle turbine;

3. carbon dioxide compressor;

4. heat and water recovery unit;

5. heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit;

6. water storage;

7. tank separator;

8. liquid carbon dioxide storage;

9. water circulation pump;

10. The first bearing bearings of a combined cycle gas turbine;

11. the second bearing bearings of a combined cycle gas turbine;

12. The circulation pump of the carbon dioxide circuit;

13. The first bearing of the carbon dioxide compressor bearings;

14. The second bearing of the bearings of the carbon dioxide compressor;

15. a pump for discharging liquid carbon dioxide from the separator tank;

16. line for the removal of gaseous carbon dioxide from the separator tank.

Installation for generating mechanical and thermal energy, includes a combustion chamber (1), a combined-cycle turbine (2) and a gas exhaust system. In this case, the gas exhaust system consists of a heat and water recovery unit (4) and a heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5) connected in series through a carbon dioxide compressor (3). The output of a combined cycle gas turbine (2) is connected in series with a heat and water recovery unit (4), a carbon dioxide compressor (3) and a heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5).

The heat and water recovery unit (4) is connected to the water storage device (6), and the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5) is connected to the liquid carbon dioxide storage device (8). Moreover, the installation includes a bearing lubrication system, which contains a water storage device (6), the output of which is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump (9) of the water circuit, which is configured to supply water to the first (10) and second (11) bearing units a combined cycle gas turbine (2), which reduces the heat stress of the moving elements of a combined cycle gas turbine (2), namely, bearing assemblies and a rotor of a combined cycle gas turbine (2), and also increases the efficiency of the use of media circulating in the installation, which also increases the reliability of the installation by using the same water, a certain amount of which passes through the combined cycle gas turbine (2) with exhaust gases, that is, in the event of a breakthrough of a certain amount of water or steam from the bearing units (10, 11) into the flowing part of the combined cycle gas turbine (2), this combined cycle turbines (2) or other structural elements of the installation for generating thermal and mechanical energy. Moreover, the second bearing unit (11) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) is connected to the heat and water recovery unit (4), which is connected to the inlet of the water storage unit (6), which allows water cooled in the unit to be supplied to the bearing units (10, 11) 4) heat and water utilization, thus reducing the heat stress of moving structural elements of the power plant, namely bearing assemblies (10, 11) and the rotor of a combined cycle gas turbine (2), in addition, the use of media circulating in the plant is increased.

In addition, the lubrication system contains a liquid carbon dioxide accumulator (8), the outlet of which is connected to a carbon dioxide circuit circulation pump (12), which is configured to supply liquid carbon dioxide to the first (13) and second (14) bearing assemblies of the carbon dioxide compressor ( 3), which reduces the heat stress of the moving elements of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), namely, the bearing assemblies and the rotor of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), and also increases the use of media circulating in the installation, which also increases the reliability of the installation through the use of liquefied carbon dioxide, the amount of which passes through a carbon dioxide compressor (3) with exhaust gases, that is, in the event of a breakthrough of a certain amount of carbon dioxide from the bearing units (13, 14) into the flow part of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), this compressor (3) or other structural elements will not fail thermal and mechanical energy generation plants. Moreover, the second bearing unit (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is connected to the separator tank (7) in such a way as to enable the supply of carbon dioxide into it. The separator tank (7) contains two exits and is designed so that liquid carbon dioxide can be fed through the first outlet and the liquid carbon dioxide removal pump (15) from the separator tank (7) to the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5) and is also configured to supply carbon dioxide gas through a second outlet and a carbon dioxide gas removal line (16) into the gas exhaust system of the installation to generate mechanical and thermal energy in front of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), while providing access to the bearing assemblies (13, 14 ) carbon dioxide cooled in the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5), thus reducing the heat stress of moving structural elements of the power plant, namely the bearing assemblies (13, 14) and the rotor of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), in addition, the use of media increases circulating in the installation.

Additionally, the separator tank (7) can be configured to supply carbon dioxide gas through a second outlet and a carbon dioxide gas removal line (16) to a heat and water recovery unit (4).

The first bearing assembly (10) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) is located on the high pressure side of at least 7.5 MPa, the combined gas mixture entering the combined cycle gas turbine (2) from the combustion chamber (1), and the second bearing assembly (11) of a combined cycle gas turbine (2) is located on the low pressure side of at least 0.2-0.9 MPa of a combined gas and gas mixture, which also reduces the heat stress of moving structural elements of the power plant, due to the fact that part of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) having high temperature, it is cooled by water having a lower temperature, which also increases the reliability of the installation.

The first bearing assembly (13) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is located on the output side of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), namely in the high pressure zone of carbon dioxide, which is at least 3.5 MPa, and the second bearing assembly (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) ) is located on the inlet side of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), namely in the low pressure zone of carbon dioxide, which is at least 0.2-0.9 MPa, which also reduces the heat stress of the moving structural elements of the power plant, due to the fact that part of the carbon dioxide the compressor (3) having a higher temperature is cooled by carbon dioxide having a lower temperature, which also increases the reliability of the installation.

The lubrication system operates as follows.

During operation of the device for generating thermal and mechanical energy, hot gases from the combustion chamber (1) of the installation for generating thermal and mechanical energy are directed to the entrance to the combined-cycle turbine (2), from where they enter the heat and water recovery unit (4). In block (4), the exhaust gases are cooled to the temperature necessary for the condensation of water from the exhaust gases and then the condensed water is sent to the water storage (6). In turn, the exhaust gases from the heat and water recovery unit (4) containing carbon dioxide as the main constituent are sent to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), which compresses the gas and supplies it to the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5) where it is cooled to the temperature necessary for the condensation of carbon dioxide. After condensation, carbon dioxide from the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5) enters the liquid carbon dioxide storage (8).

At least a portion of the chilled water from the water accumulator (6) by the water circulation pump (9) is directed to the first bearing assembly (10) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2), where this water is heated by friction, and then this water is sent to the second bearing the unit (11) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2), after which the water is sent to the heat and water recovery unit (4), which reduces the heat stress of the moving structural elements of the installation, namely the bearing assemblies and the rotor of the combined cycle gas turbine (2), and also increases the use of media circulating in the installation, which also increases the reliability of the installation by using the same water, a certain amount of which passes through a combined-cycle turbine (2) with exhaust gases, that is, in the case of a breakthrough of a certain amount of water from the bearing units (10, 11) into the flowing part of a combined cycle gas turbine (2) there will be no failure of this combined cycle gas turbine (2) or other structural elements of the generating unit t heat and mechanical energy. In addition, at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide from the liquid carbon dioxide storage (8) by the circulation pump (12) of the liquid carbon dioxide circuit is directed to the first bearing assembly (13) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), where the carbon dioxide is heated by friction, further, this carbon dioxide is directed to the second bearing assembly (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), in which carbon dioxide is also heated by friction, at least partially turning into a gaseous state, which reduces the heat stress of the moving structural elements of the installation, namely, bearing units and rotor of a carbon dioxide compressor (3), and also increases the use of media circulating in the installation, which also increases the reliability of the installation through the use of liquefied carbon dioxide, a certain amount of which passes through a carbon dioxide compressor (3) with exhaust gases, that is, in case of a breakthrough some carbon dioxide An ode from the bearing assemblies (13, 14) to the flow part of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) will not cause failure of this compressor (3) or other structural elements of the thermal and mechanical energy generation plant. In this case, the supply of liquid carbon dioxide to the bearing assemblies (13, 14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is controlled in such a way that the required temperature conditions of the bearing assemblies (13, 14) are maintained without an excessive transition of carbon dioxide from a liquid to a gaseous state. After the second bearing unit (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), carbon dioxide is sent to the separator tank (7), where the carbon dioxide is separated into liquid and gaseous, while liquid carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) is pumped to the liquid carbon dioxide is sent to the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5), and gaseous carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) is sent along the line (16) to remove carbon dioxide gas to the exhaust system of the installation to generate thermal and mechanical energy in front of the carbon dioxide compressor (3 ), for example, to the heat and water recovery unit (4), this ensures that carbon dioxide cooled in the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5) is supplied to the bearing units (13, 14), thus reducing the heat stress of moving structural elements of the energy installation, namely bearing assemblies (13, 14) and the rotor of a carbon dioxide compressor (3), in addition, the use of media increases circulating in the installation, and in addition, due to the separation of carbon dioxide into liquid and gaseous and the supply of gaseous in front of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), and liquid in the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5), it also reduces the energy consumption for returning carbon dioxide to installation cycle for the production of thermal and mechanical energy.

Claims (6)

1. The lubrication system of the bearings of the installation for generating thermal and mechanical energy, containing a water storage (6), the output of which is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump (9) of the water circuit, which is configured to supply water to the first (10) and second (11) bearing units of a combined cycle gas turbine (2), the second bearing assembly (11) of a combined cycle gas turbine (2) connected to a heat and water recovery unit (4), which is connected to the input of the water storage unit (6), in addition, the lubrication system contains a storage unit (8) liquid carbon dioxide, the output of which is connected to the circulation pump (12) of the carbon dioxide circuit, which is configured to supply liquid carbon dioxide to the first (13) and second (14) bearing units of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), the second bearing unit (14) the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is connected to the separator tank (7) in such a way as to allow the supply of carbon dioxide, and the separator tank (7) contains two outputs and made in such a way as to provide the possibility of supplying liquid carbon dioxide through the first outlet and pump (15) for discharging liquid carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) to the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5), and also configured to supply carbon dioxide gas through the second outlet and the outlet line of gaseous carbon dioxide (16) into the exhaust system of the installation to generate thermal and mechanical energy in front of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), each bearing assembly comprising at least one bearing. 2. A lubrication system according to claim 1, characterized in that the separator tank (7) is configured to supply carbon dioxide gas through a second outlet and a carbon dioxide gas removal line (16) to the heat and water recovery unit (4). 3. The lubrication system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first bearing assembly (10) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) is located on the high pressure side of the combined gas mixture entering the combined cycle gas turbine (2) from the combustion chamber (1), and the second the bearing assembly (11) of the combined cycle gas turbine (2) is located on the low pressure side of the combined cycle gas mixture. 4. Lubrication system according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the first bearing assembly (13) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is located on the output side of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), and the second bearing assembly (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) is located on the side carbon dioxide compressor inlet (3). 5. A method of lubricating the bearings of a plant for generating thermal and mechanical energy, comprising a bearing lubrication system according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein at least a portion of the water from the water store (6) is circulated by a water pump (9) to the first bearing assembly (10) ) of a combined cycle gas turbine (2) and then sent to a second bearing assembly (11) of a combined cycle gas turbine (2), after which the water is sent to the heat and water recovery unit (4), in addition, at least a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide from the storage tank (8 ) liquid carbon dioxide by the circulation pump (12) of the liquid carbon dioxide circuit is sent to the first bearing unit (13) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3) and then sent to the second bearing unit (14) of the carbon dioxide compressor (3), after which the carbon dioxide is sent to the tank a separator (7), where carbon dioxide is separated into liquid and gaseous, while liquid carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) by a pump (15) liquid carbon dioxide removal is sent to the heat and carbon dioxide recovery unit (5), and carbon dioxide gas from the separator tank (7) is sent along the carbon dioxide gas removal line (16) to the gas exhaust system of the installation to generate thermal and mechanical energy in front of the carbon dioxide compressor (3). 6. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that the gaseous carbon dioxide from the separator tank (7) is sent along the line (16) of the removal of gaseous carbon dioxide in the block (4) of heat and water recovery.

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