RU2722765C1 - Device of magnetic levitation system for stable high-speed movement of cargoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics; transportation.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to high-speed transport based on induction magnetic levitation. Device consists of magnetic suspensions attached to cargo platform, and at least two track tracks, in which when magnetic suspensions move over them there are induction currents, leading to levitation of suspensions. Magnetic suspensions have the shape of hollow cylinder or hollow multi-faceted prism with longitudinal section located above track tracks. Surfaces of suspensions are covered with permanent magnets assembled according to Halbach scheme. Suspensions are intended for creation of lifting and damping forces. Tracks are made of electroconductive nonmagnetic material. Outside the track, on the loading platform there is a suspension, which contains closed contours from electroconductive non-magnetic material, having the shape of a polygonal prism or cylinder. This suspension is intended for creation of traction efforts with the help of electromagnets.EFFECT: higher stability of cargo platform at high speeds due to creation of large damping forces against displacement of platform in directions perpendicular to motion.3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The field of technology.

The invention relates to transport based on induction magnetic levitation with permanent magnets, and in particular to magnetic suspensions.

The level of technology.

Magnetic levitation of transport is interesting primarily as the ability to move goods or people at high speed. In this case, it is desirable to use systems that are reliable, easy to operate and build. Inductrack permanent magnet system made of neodymium-iron-boron alloy meets these requirements. In this system, arrays of permanent magnets are mounted on magnetic suspensions that are attached to the loading platform. The magnetic field of these arrays, assembled according to the Halbach scheme [1], during movement induces currents in the track paths, leading to the appearance of lifting force. As track paths, aluminum or copper sheets are used. In the latest designs of the Inductrack system, stability is maintained due to the gable configuration of the track and the location of some of the magnets under the plane of the track [2]. Currently, work is underway in China, the USA, and Japan to create a magnetic cushion transport capable of moving at a speed of 600 km / h or more. At high speeds and taking into account possible trajectories, the issue of transport stability becomes one of the most important due to the terrain and aerodynamic loads. Disclosure of the invention.

The technical problem solved by the present invention is the creation of permanent magnets device magnetic levitation of the transport platform and increasing the stability of its movement at high speeds.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device consists of suspensions attached by means of supports to the cargo platform, containing closed loops of electrically conductive non-magnetic material, magnetic suspensions with permanent magnets and track tracks, over which magnetic suspensions move with the formation of the cargo platform to form induction currents, moreover magnetic suspensions are in the form of a hollow cylinder or a multifaceted hollow prism with a longitudinal section, the surfaces of the suspensions are covered with permanent magnets assembled according to the Halbach scheme, parallel pipes of electrically conductive non-magnetic material serve as track lines, and the outer pipe surface of each track in section repeats the section of the cross section of the inner surface of the magnetic at least one suspension containing closed circuits of electrically conductive non-magnetic material having the form of a polyhedral prism or cylinder .

There is an option when the tracks of the track have a longitudinal section for attachment to the road supports. There is an option when the pipes of the track are completely or partially filled with non-conductive and non-magnetic material.

Unlike existing solutions, by placing magnetic suspensions with permanent magnets assembled according to the Halbach scheme above the track tracks of the proposed form, large damping forces of the movement of the cargo platform in all directions perpendicular to the movement are created, which increases its stability. The design of the track makes it easy to assemble, and also can withstand heavy loads in all directions. The influence of weather conditions (snow, hail) on the movement of the cargo platform can be eliminated by installing a canopy of composite non-magnetic material over the track and the zone of movement of the cargo platform.

It is known [3] that suspensions coated with magnets according to the Halbach scheme are responsible for the lifting force that occurs when they move above an electrically conductive surface.

Suspensions containing closed loops of electrically conductive non-magnetic material and installed under the loading platform between the track (outside the track suspension) are designed to create traction power of the platform. To do this, along the movement outside the travel suspensions are placed electromagnets, which are induction coils. When current is passed through electromagnets in closed electrical conductive circuits outside the track suspensions, induction currents are induced, the interaction of which with electromagnets leads to the appearance of traction forces acting along the direction of movement of the cargo platform. Braking is due to the Foucault currents in the track paths and changes in the direction of the current in the electromagnets.

A brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a prototype device of a permanent magnet magnetic levitation system assembled according to the Halbach scheme, consisting of a two-tier suspension with magnets and a gable track.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a variant of a magnetic suspension in the form of a triangular prism with a longitudinal section, the surface of which is covered with permanent magnets according to the Halbach scheme located above the track, the pipe section of which repeats the cross-sectional shape of the surface of the triangular prism of the magnetic suspension.

In FIG. 3 shows the direction of movement of the platform outside the track suspension in the form of a rectangular prism and electromagnets located between the track tracks.

In FIG. 4 shows a side view of an outward track suspension in the form of a rectangular prism containing closed loops of electrically conductive non-magnetic material.

In FIG. 5 shows a top view of an arrangement of magnetic suspensions on a platform with their localizations above the track and located between the track outside the track suspension together with a group of electromagnets connected by electric cables. The implementation of the invention.

To illustrate previous developments in FIG. 1 shows a prototype device consisting of a suspension having lateral planes (4) above and below the track and the track itself (5). Permanent magnets mounted according to the Halbach scheme (3) are installed on the suspensions planes. Suspensions are attached to the loading platform (1) with the support (2). The track is a flat surface (5) supported by a cantilever structure (6). The plane of the suspension with magnets under the track is responsible for the forces damping movements in the directions perpendicular to the movement. Due to the cantilevered support structure, the damping forces are significantly less than the lifting force even in the vertical direction. An increase in lateral damping force due to an increase in the angle of inclination of the track leads to a decrease in lift.

An embodiment of a magnetic suspension device in the form of a hollow triangular prism with a slit extended along the direction of movement is shown in FIG. 2. A suspension (4) with permanent magnets (3) mounted on its surface, assembled according to the Halbach scheme, is located above the track (5), which in this example has the shape of a triangular prism with a slit. The prism is supported by a track support (6) of non-conductive and non-magnetic material, which in this example completely fills the prism of the track.

Magnetic suspension with the support (2) is attached to the loading platform (1). The track is made of a conductive non-magnetic metal, such as aluminum. The upper and lateral edges of the track prism - can be assembled from separate aluminum sheets. Setting the upper edge of the track at a slight angle to the horizon reduces the likelihood of delaying foreign objects on the surface of the track.

When the suspension moves with magnets assembled according to the Halbach scheme, induction currents occur in the upper part of the track, leading to the appearance of a lifting force. Induction currents occurring in the lateral faces of the track prevent the platform from tilting up and to the side, thereby increasing its stability during movement. In FIG. 3 shows an external suspension in the form of a rectangular prism, containing closed loops of electrically conductive non-magnetic material and electromagnets connected by an electric cable. Shows a view along the direction of movement of the platform (1). To eliminate the possibility of foreign bodies getting onto the surface of the track, a canopy is installed (7). In this example, at least one outside the track suspension (9), having the shape of a rectangular prism, containing closed loops of electrically conductive non-magnetic material, is attached to the platform between the track with a support (8). Outside the track suspension is located between the electromagnets (10). Using a cable (11), the electromagnets are connected in series to the three-phase network line. While the suspension is between the electromagnets, each line of the three-phase network (the other two lines are not shown in the drawing) is connected through a switch to a power source (not shown in the drawing) and disconnected when the suspension leaves the space of the electromagnets. When a current passes through electromagnets, induction currents arise in closed circuits of electrically conductive non-magnetic material outside the track suspension, the interaction of which with electromagnets leads to the appearance of a traction force acting on these suspensions along the direction of movement. Outside the travel suspensions are the rotor, and the electromagnets are the stator of the linear motor.

In FIG. 4 shows a side view of an outboard suspension in the form of a rectangular prism (9) containing closed loops (12) of electrically conductive non-magnetic material. As such a material, you can use aluminum, copper. The design is similar to the squirrel cage rotor of an induction motor. Induction current caused by electromagnets leads to heating of closed circuits. Cooling occurs by air flow while driving outside the travel suspension.

In FIG. 5 shows a top view of the platform (1) with one of the options for the location of magnetic suspensions (4) on it with magnets assembled according to the Halbach scheme (3) located above the track (5) and at least one outside the track suspension (9 ) together with electromagnets (10). Track tracks are supported by track supports (6), which are made of non-electrically conductive and non-magnetic material and fill all or part of the pipe track tracks. Above the two pipes of the track (5), one after the other, there are magnetic suspensions coated with magnets according to the Halbach scheme (3) .This arrangement of the magnetic suspensions makes it possible to evenly distribute the forces supporting the platform. The electromagnets are connected by cables (11) to a three-phase power supply network through switches (12) standing on each phase. While the suspension is in front of the electromagnets, the switches turn on and keep each group of electromagnets turned on for their phase and turn off the phase after the suspension leaves the area of this group of electromagnets. The dimensions of suspensions with surfaces coated with magnets according to the Halbach scheme, as well as the dimensions of the gaps between its surfaces and the track, are determined based on the weight of the load, the power required to overcome the forces of electrodynamic braking and the necessary damping forces when moving. Based on the theoretical work [4], some dimensions of the magnetic suspensions of the cargo platform, the gaps between the suspensions and the track, as well as possible damping forces, were estimated. For ease of calculation, the option of magnetic suspensions in the form of a triangular prism with an angle of 45 ° between the upper and side faces is considered. Magnets are made of neodymium-iron-boron alloy. Suspensions are located above two parallel track tracks. Above each track there are two suspensions, the surface of which is covered with magnets according to the Halbach scheme. All four magnetic suspensions are attached to the loading platform. The width of the track section is taken equal to 80 mm. As an option, the design of suspensions for a lifting force of 40 kN is considered. Calculations show that the lifting force of 40 kN of four suspensions with magnets assembled according to the Halbach scheme is achieved at a speed of ~ 3 m / s, the length of each suspension is 0.85 m, the width of the upper face is 0.25 m, the width of each side face is 0, 17 m and the gaps between the planes of the suspensions and the track equal to 10 mm for the upper faces and 42 mm for the side faces. At a platform speed of 50 m / s, the gap between the suspension planes and track tracks becomes equal to 20 mm for the upper faces and 35 mm for the side faces. With such gaps, the force acting on the upper faces and directed upwards is 66 kN, and the force acting on the side faces and directed downwards is 26 kN. With a further increase in speed, these forces and gaps practically do not change. The damping force that prevents the platform from deflecting in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement, when the suspensions are displaced from this position by 25 mm upwards, is 60 kN, and when shifted laterally by the same distance, it will be 30 kN. At a speed of 167 m / s (600 km / h), the force of electrodynamic braking is 9 kN. To overcome this force, the power of the traction engine must be at least 1.5 MW.

References:

1. Halbach K. Applications of permanent magnets in accelerators and electron rings. Journal of Applied Physics. 1985, vol. 57, p. 3605.

2. Patent US 8578860, filed March 7, 2013, published November 12, 2013, applicant Richard F. Post. Inductrack 3 configuration a maglev system for high loads.

3. Patent US 5722326, filed August 1, 1998, published March 3, 1998, applicant Richard F. Post. Magnetic levitation system for moving objects.

4. Amoskov B.M., Arslanova D.N., Bazarov A.M. et al. Numerical simulation of electrodynamic suspensions of levitation transport systems with a continuous track structure. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Ser. 10. Applied mathematics. 2015. Issue 3. S. 4-20.

Claims (3)

1. The device of the magnetic levitation system for sustainable high-speed movement of goods, consisting of suspensions attached by means of supports to the cargo platform, containing closed loops of electrically conductive non-magnetic material, magnetic suspensions with permanent magnets and track tracks, over which magnetic suspensions move when the cargo platform moves induction currents, and the magnetic suspensions are in the form of a hollow cylinder or a hollow multifaceted prism with a longitudinal section, the surface of the suspensions are covered with permanent magnets assembled according to the Halbach scheme, parallel pipes of electrically conductive non-magnetic material serve as track lines, and the outer pipe surface of each track in section repeats the contour at least one suspension comprising closed loops of electrically conductive non-magnetic material having cross sections of the inner surface of the magnetic suspensions, on the cargo platform outside the track tracks shaped like a polyhedral prism or cylinder. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes of the track tracks are partially or completely filled with non-conductive and non-magnetic material. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes of the track tracks have a longitudinal section for attaching to road supports.

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