RU2722423C1 - Method of selecting words for creation of mnemonic dictionaries - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: data processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of selecting words for creation of mnemonic dictionaries. Word is in a foreign language. Bot refers to the dictionary of foreign words and finds this word with its corresponding transcription. Based on this compliance, a dictionary pair is formed, after which the bot automatically selects corresponding sound combinations in the pre-set sound table. According to sound combinations, the bot selects words relevant to sound in dictionaries of Russian language. Words are ranked by degree of relevance from most relevant to less relevant. Mnemonic phrase and image-association are formed from the most relevant word. Mnemonic vocabulary is formed from vocabulary pairs and corresponding mnemonic phrases. Dictionary vocabulary pairs with corresponding mnemonic phrases are combined into story blocks with a storyline.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of teaching language, simple process of memorizing and accelerating process of learning new words, which can be memorized by a specific person in the process of creating a mnemonic vocabulary.

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Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present technical solution relates to the field of computer engineering, in particular, to a method for selecting words for creating mnemotechnical dictionaries.

BACKGROUND

To memorize unfamiliar words, there are a number of methods and techniques.

For example, interval memorization is known, which is based on the fact that if the material under study is repeated at certain intervals of time, then it can be memorized.

The idea is that interval repetition can be used to improve the learning process, and was first proposed in the book Psychology of Study, written by Professor Alec Mace in 1932. In 1939, the method was tested on students in Iowa. The study was conducted on more than 3600 students and its effectiveness has been proven. Around the same time, Paul Pimsler became a pioneer in the practical application of interval repetition theory for language learning.

And in 1973, Sebastian Leitner invented the Leitner System, a universal card-based learning system. Today, this method is used in Aword mobile applications; Lingvaleo; Memrise et al. It does not simplify the task of memorizing unfamiliar words enough to avoid tedious cramming. And also does not guarantee the preservation of information for a long time.

The solution is also known - the curve of oblivion or the Ebbinghaus curve, which was obtained as a result of an experimental study of the memory of the German psychologist German Ebbinghaus in 1885.

During the experiments, it was found that after the first error-free repetition of a series of unfamiliar characters / letter combinations, forgetting is very fast at first. Already within the first hour, up to 60% of all information received is forgotten, 10 hours after memorization, 35% of the information studied remains in memory. Further, the process of forgetting is slow, and after 6 days about 20% of the total number of syllables originally learned is remembered, the same amount remains in memory after a month. The conclusions that can be drawn on the basis of this curve are that for effective memorization, it is necessary to repeat the learned material. Repeating at specific intervals according to Ebbinghaus stretches for two months, which is a major drawback of this technique.

The champions in memorizing a record volume of unfamiliar words were especially successful in using mnemonics (mnemonics). One of them is Samvel Garibyan, twice the champion of the Guinness Book of Records. The method is described in the book, Samvel Garibyan “English without English” edition: 2008 ISBN: 978-5-903455-10-2. The book uses mnemonics (mnemonics) but in a very bulky and not systemic version. In the described mnemotechnical images there is no algorithm for repeating foreign words and mnemas. It is not clear which word is a translation, which is a remembered word, and which word acts as a phonetic tracing-paper, a remembered word. In this connection, it is difficult to use this method on a large scale and offer, as a clear, methodology for training.

There is a method of memorizing words in the Giordano system (see http://mnemotexnika.narod.ru/avtor.htm). Memorizing words according to the Giordano system is based on mental operations with visual images in the imagination. The author of this method proposed self-coding of information elements in visual images. Creating, connecting and holding images in the imagination is an active thought process, often turning into deep meditation. In order for a person with ordinary abilities to be able to memorize words on this system, that is, for the system to “work”, you need to get carried away with the system first, then during your long workouts “disperse your brain” to present colorful, vivid images of objects of phenomena and select successful ones associations, the link to the logical connection and the retention of this design in their memory for a certain number of repetitions. Such work with one’s imagination is not for everyone’s strength and depends on the degree of training of an individual person, since maintaining attention on the performance of these exercises requires a long amount of time, a certain amount of stress and mental energy. The lack of the ability of some people to have artistic, creative imagination also makes it difficult or completely impossible to use this method.

The prior art knows the solution that describes the learning method for the formation of the skill of accelerated memorization of foreign words and words of the mother tongue (RU 2383932 C2, publ. 10.03.2010). When forming the basis, each word to be memorized is depicted on a separate paper medium in a sequence that includes the translation of this word into the native language - the meaning, the word itself, the word or a combination of words of the native language, similar in pronunciation to the word to be remembered, an image made mainly in in the form of a picture, its compositionally and associatively combining the translation into the mother tongue of the word to be remembered, and the word or combination of words in the mother tongue, having a similarity in pronunciation. In the process of studying, they highlight when writing the most difficult to memorize the studied material in the picture in bright color with the simultaneous multiple pronunciation of the words to be memorized aloud. The words to be memorized are repeated many times by alternating their reading, restoring the corresponding figure from the memory and reproducing the pronunciation on the basis of it and translating it, translating it from the memory, reconstructing the corresponding figure from the memory and reproducing the word itself, its pronunciation and spelling .

The disadvantage of this method is the low speed and strength of memorization of unknown words and, as a consequence, the low efficiency of their memorization.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is the creation of a computer-implemented way of selecting words for creating mnemotechnical dictionaries, which is described in an independent claim. Additional embodiments of the present invention are presented in the dependent claims.

The technical result consists in increasing the effectiveness of language learning, simplifying the process of memorizing and accelerating the process of learning new words that a specific person can remember in the process of creating a mnemonics dictionary.

In a preferred embodiment, a computer-implemented method is claimed, which consists in performing the steps in which using a computing device:

a word is set in a foreign language;

the bot turns to the dictionary of foreign words and finds this word with the corresponding transcription;

based on this correspondence, a vocabulary pair is formed, after which the bot automatically selects the appropriate sound combinations in the pre-compiled table of sounds;

based on sound combinations, the bot selects words that are relevant in sound in the dictionaries of the Russian language;

words are ranked by degree of relevance from the most relevant to the less relevant;

from the most relevant word a mnemotechnical phrase and an association picture are formed;

from vocabulary pairs and the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases, a mnemotechnical dictionary is formed;

vocabulary pairs of the dictionary with the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases are combined into story blocks with a story line.

In a particular embodiment, the mnemotechnical phrase consists of the first word of the translation, and the second phonetically consonant word in a familiar language for the learner - mnemon.

In another particular embodiment, during the selection of sound combinations, phonetic stress and reduction of vowel sounds are taken into account.

In another particular embodiment, in addition to the history block, sound is added.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The implementation of the invention will be described hereinafter in accordance with the accompanying drawings, which are presented to illustrate the essence of the invention and in no way limit the scope of the invention. The following drawings are attached to the application:

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method according to the invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of an algorithm using an example of a specific word;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a pair of vocabulary pair and a mnemonic phrase;

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of one of the sentences of a block history;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a general circuit of a computer device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following detailed description of the implementation of the invention, numerous implementation details are provided to provide a clear understanding of the present invention. However, to a person skilled in the art, it will be apparent how the present invention can be used, both with and without implementation details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the features of the present invention.

In addition, from the foregoing it will be clear that the invention is not limited to the above implementation. Numerous possible modifications, changes, variations and substitutions, preserving the essence and form of the present invention, will be obvious to those skilled in the field of specialists.

The present invention is directed to providing a computer-implemented method for selecting words to create mnemonics dictionaries.

In the stated solution, it was possible to create mnemotechnical dictionaries, using which, with the help of a methodological algorithm for repeating / alternating foreign words (unfamiliar terms) and mnemons combined in history blocks, the problem of remembering a large amount of unfamiliar foreign words and terms in the shortest possible time is solved. Also, this methodology allows you to store these words in memory for as long as possible.

As shown in FIG. 1, the claimed computer-implemented method of selecting words for creating mnemonics dictionaries (100) is implemented using a computing device and as follows:

At step (101), a word in a foreign language is set.

Next, at step (102), the bot turns to the dictionary of foreign words and finds this word with the corresponding transcription.

At step (103), based on this correspondence, a vocabulary pair is formed, after which the bot automatically selects the appropriate sound combinations in the pre-compiled table of sounds.

At step (104), the bot selects words that are relevant in sound from the sound combinations in the dictionaries of the Russian language.

At step (105), the words are ranked according to the degree of relevance from the most relevant to the less relevant, and at step (106), a mnemotechnical phrase and an association picture are formed from the most relevant word.

Moreover, at step (107), a mnemotechnical dictionary is formed from dictionary pairs and the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases.

After that, at step (108), dictionary pairs of the dictionary with the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases are combined into story blocks with a story line.

The claimed solution uses a bot that uses a specialized algorithm that can automatically select words similar in sound from different languages.

In addition, the claimed solution uses a recommendation algorithm that performs relevant sampling according to specified optimality criteria. As a result, they get a list of similar in sound words relevant to the memorized foreign word. From this list, it remains only to choose the most logical and emotionally suitable option for the compilation of a mnemotechnical phrase. Words are offered in decreasing order of relevance, the selection is as follows:

1 step - sets the word in a foreign language, for example, in English.

Step 2 - the bot refers to the dictionary of foreign, in this example, English words, where this word is taken with the corresponding transcription.

3 step - on the basis of this correspondence a vocabulary pair is formed, after which the bot automatically selects the appropriate sound combinations in the pre-compiled table of sounds. In the stated decision, these are phonemes of the English language and their literal transmission through the Russian alphabet (see table 1). At the same time, during the selection of sound combinations, phonetic stress and reduction of vowels are taken into account.

Table 1 Phoneme Main
option
transmission Phoneme Main
option
transmission [i] and [d] d [i] and [ʤ] j [e] e [f] f [æ] uh [g] g [a] and [h] x [ɔ] o [k] to [ɔ] o [l] l [u] at [m] m [u] at [n] n [ʌ] and [ŋ] n [ə] ep [p] P [ə] e [r] R [ai] ah [s] with [aiə] ah [ʃ] w [au] ay [t] t [au] aura [ð] t [ei] her [θ] t [ɛə] er [ʧ] h [iə] ir [ts] c [ou] about [w] at [ɔi] Oh [z] s [uə] ur [ʒ] well [b] b

Step 4 - then the bot turns to the dictionaries of the Russian language and selects the most suitable words in terms of sound according to a given criterion of optimality. Words are ranked by degree of relevance from the most relevant to the less relevant.

5th step - a mnemotechnical phrase and an association picture are formed from the most relevant word. At the same time, the mnemotechnical phrase consists of the first word of the translation, and the second phonetically consonant word in the familiar language for the learner is mnemon.

6th step - a mnemotechnical dictionary is formed from dictionary pairs and the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases.

Step 7 - vocabulary pairs of the dictionary with the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases are combined into story blocks with a story line. In addition to the story block, sound is added.

The training methodology using the algorithm for repeating foreign words and mnemas combined in history packages solves the problem of quickly memorizing large volumes of unfamiliar foreign words / terms.

Since, according to the methodology, words are arranged in a certain sequence, the student always understands what is a “vocabulary pair” and what is a “mnemonic phrase”. Moreover, in the mnemotechnical phrase, the first word is always a translation, and the second is mnemonic.

So, for example, Dictionary pair: brilliant - brilliant;

Mnemotechnical phrase: brilliant (word translation) diamond (mnemonic).

By “mnemon” one should understand a word in a language familiar to the learner that is phonetically similar to a remembered word and logically associated with it. Moreover, the logic of this connection must be visualized, which leads to binding to a visual image and instant memorization (anchoring in memory through a visual image / picture).

These vocabulary pairs and mnemonic phrases are combined into story blocks with a storyline. Thus, an effect occurs when the student recalls the plot and visual images that contain unfamiliar words and their translation. This is how the mechanism of anchoring in the memory of words works through visual perception, which is most characteristic of human memory. Remembering the words in the future, the student can always use the plot and images on the principle of "somewhere I already saw it." When storing large volumes, this visualization pops up in memory instantly and when using words in practice, it is already invisible and actually disappears. The words remain in the long-term memory of the student.

In the stated solution, the technique of repeating words in a specific order in vocabulary pairs and mnemonic phrases allows you to go this way quickly, conveniently and as efficiently as possible. This makes it possible to immediately anchor in memory a large volume of memorized words.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows an example of a vocabulary pair and a mnemotechnical phrase, where under positions 1, 3 it is a word-translation, under position 2 is a memorized word in a foreign language, under position 4 is mnem a clear word / phrase phonetically consonant with a remembered word.

In FIG. 4 is a diagram of one of the sentences of the block story, where at position 5 is presented a plot link, at 6 is a mnemotechnical phrase in context, at 7 is a vocabulary, and under 8 is a mnemonic phrase.

Let us analyze in detail the process of compiling a mnem (an associative memory key) for certain vocabulary pairs in particular, and on its basis mnemotechnical dictionaries for any language pair as a whole:

1. Vocabulary pairs and mnemonic phrases.

Vocabulary pair = translation word + memorized word written in the original alphabet, audited and written in a transcription that the student understands. A mnemotechnical phrase is compiled for it, where the word translation always comes first, and then phonetically consonant words - a phonetic tracing-paper in a language familiar to the learner.

Such words - phonetic tracing papers are automatically selected by the bot using data from several Russian dictionaries (including the dictionary of word forms, rhymes, etc.) to search for suitable sound combinations and taking into account phonetic stress and reduction of vowels.

These may be solutions based on:

1.1. Single syllable sound.

For example: house-home [home] home [hamster] * yak

* ([] - a phonetic tracing-paper consisting of sounds similar to a remembered word, familiar words or their parts (syllables).

1.2. Multi-syllable sounding in one word.

For example: uncle - uncle [ un ]: uncle- [ on-count ] og

1.3. A multi-syllable sound in a few words.

For example: the slope-slope [Slope]: slope, where [layer] n [yn] al.

2. Selection of words similar in sound

2.1. To the remembered word, words similar in sound in a familiar language are selected. This selection is automated using a bot based on a word matching algorithm.

For example: home-home [home]:

1. [ home ] * yak;

2. [ ho ] l [ m ];

3. [ home] ut;

4. [ ham] eleon;

5. [ boor] .

2.2. From the list we select the words for the compilation of mnemonic phrases. The translation word must be necessarily the first, and then phonetically consonant with the remembered word in an understandable language. It is important that the resulting combination of words has a semantic sequence that is also easily visualized.

For example: home-home [home]:

1. the house [ hom ] of a yak;

2. a house on [ ho ] l [ m ] e;

3. a house with [home ] ut;

4. house with [ ham] eleon

5. the house where [ ham] yat

2.3. When choosing options for combining words, a number of priorities must be taken into account. Preference should be given to syllables at the beginning of a word and those under stress. Mnem (phonetic pattern), should cause vivid emotions, for example, be funny or unusual.

3. Compilation of dictionaries.

From vocabulary pairs and the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases, a mnemotechnical dictionary is formed.

According to the algorithm presented above, the dictionary is compiled as a sequence of dictionary pairs, including Cyrillic (or any other known to the learner) transcription, and the corresponding mnemonics (phonetic patterns). For instance:

House-home [home] home [hamster] * yak;

uncle - uncle [ ankl ]: uncle [ on-count ] og;

slope-slope [Slope]: slope, where [layer] n [yn] al.

4. Compilation of mnemotechnical short stories.

Vocabulary pairs of the dictionary with the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases are combined into story blocks with a story line.

In order to memorize a large volume of words with the help of mnemotechnical dictionaries for the shortest possible time interval, vocabulary pairs and mnemotechnical phrases are combined into mnemotechnical short stories. Here they are connected by a short plot in a certain order and according to a certain mnemotechnical principle. A visualized connective should arise, which allows you to switch from one memorized word to another in accordance with the above algorithms (paragraphs 1 to 3).

For instance:

Mouse with a small mustache (mouse - mouse: mouse with a small mustache)

Ate cuckoo cookies (cookie - cookie: cuckoo cookies)

And next was the battle in the veil of the bride (battle - fighting: the battle in the veil of the bride)

And everyone around this lovely caught (lovely - lovely: lovely caught)

Because she had a brilliant diamond (brilliant - brilliant: brilliant diamond)

Only the oncologist uncle was calm (uncle - uncle: oncologist uncle)

Aside, he ate a slice of sweet plum (slice - slice: a slice of sweet plum).

The solution to the problem of quickly memorizing a large volume of unfamiliar / foreign words is based on a methodological algorithm for repeating / alternating these words in vocabulary pairs and mnemonic phrases. The mnemotechnical method (mnemonics) of memory, existing from ancient times, could not be used to solve large-scale problems due to the lack of methods for its optimal application. In the stated, several problems were solved for the optimal and large-scale application of the mnemotechnical method (mnemonics) of memorization. Based on modern statistical algorithms, the recommended solution used a recommendation system, which allowed finding the necessary solutions according to the given optimality criteria. In the claimed solution, the application of the method of automatic search for phonetic patterns in speech made it possible to actively use mnemonics for educational methods and create an English-Russian mnemonics dictionary of more than 4000 words. The main advantage of the declared solution is the creation of a completely new technique for alternating foreign words, translation words and words that have phonetic similarities with foreign words and are logically related to them. To memorize words quickly and in large volumes in the claimed solution, they were combined into story blocks connected by a storyline. This allowed us to achieve maximum visualization of images for memorization. It is with the help of visual images that foreign words are fixed in memory.

In FIG. 5, a general diagram of a computing device (500) will be presented that provides the data processing necessary to implement the method of selecting words for creating mnemonical dictionaries.

In the General case, the device (500) contains such components as: one or more processors (501), at least one memory (502), data storage means (503), input / output interfaces (504), I / O means ( 505), networking tools (506).

The processor (501) of the device performs the basic computing operations necessary for the operation of the device (500) or the functionality of one or more of its components. The processor (501) executes the necessary computer-readable instructions contained in the random access memory (502).

Memory (502), as a rule, is made in the form of RAM and contains the necessary software logic that provides the required functionality.

Data storage means (503) can be implemented as HDD, SSD disks, array raid, network storage, flash memory, optical information storage devices (CD, DVD, MD, Blue-Ray disks), etc. The tool (503) allows long-term storage of various types of information, for example, the aforementioned files with user data sets, a database containing records of time intervals measured for each user, user identifiers, etc.

Interfaces (504) are standard tools for connecting and working with a computer device, for example, USB, RS232, RJ45, LPT, COM, HDMI, PS / 2, Lightning, FireWire, etc.

The choice of interfaces (504) depends on the specific design of the device (500), which can be a personal computer, mainframe, server cluster, thin client, smartphone, laptop, be a part of a bank terminal, ATM, etc.

As I / O data means (505), a mouse, joystick, display (touch screen), projector, touchpad, keyboard, trackball, light pen, speakers, microphone, etc. can be used.

Network communication tools (506) are selected from a device that provides network reception and data transfer, for example, an Ethernet card, WLAN / Wi-Fi module, Bluetooth module, BLE module, NFC module, IrDa, RFID module, GSM modem, etc. Using means (N05), the organization of data exchange via a wired or wireless data channel is provided, for example, WAN, PAN, LAN (LAN), Intranet, Internet, WLAN, WMAN or GSM.

The components of the device (500) are interfaced via a common data bus (510).

In the present application materials, the preferred disclosure was presented the implementation of the claimed technical solution, which should not be used as limiting other, private embodiments of its implementation, which do not go beyond the requested scope of legal protection and are obvious to specialists in the relevant field of technology.

Claims (12)

1. A computer-implemented method of selecting words to create mnemotechnical dictionaries, which consists in performing the steps in which using a computing device: a word is given in a foreign language; the bot turns to the dictionary of foreign words and finds this word with the corresponding transcription; based on this correspondence, a vocabulary pair is formed, after which the bot automatically selects the appropriate sound combinations in the pre-compiled table of sounds; based on sound combinations, the bot selects words that are relevant in sound in the dictionaries of the Russian language; words are ranked by degree of relevance from the most relevant to the less relevant; from the most relevant word a mnemotechnical phrase and an association picture are formed; from vocabulary pairs and the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases, a mnemotechnical dictionary is formed; vocabulary pairs of the dictionary with the corresponding mnemotechnical phrases are combined into story blocks with a story line. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mnemotechnical phrase consists of the first translation word, and the second phonetically consonant word in a familiar language for the learner - mnemon. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the selection of sound combinations, phonetic stress and reduction of vowel sounds are taken into account. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the block history add sound.

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