RU2721006C1 - Device for charging and desulphating accumulators - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes; electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrotechnical field of equipment, namely to charge accumulators with asymmetric current, and can be used in all fields of national economy. Device additionally includes parallel to multivibrator unit for protection against unauthorized disconnection of supply voltage, which includes relay, diode and indicator, wherein the multivibrator comprises a power switch unit with the possibility of switching direct and alternating voltage, as well as multivibrator there included are time-setting circuits consisting of resistors and capacitors with possibility of oscillation frequency and oscillation adjustment, and integrating circuits with possibility of vibrations frequency stabilization. Power switch unit includes a relay, a diode with the possibility to protect the device from self-induction EMF and a contact for connection of the charging and discharging circuits. Unit for protection against unauthorized disconnection of supply voltage is made on the basis of bipolar transistors and on thermal protectors, one of which is serially connected to the input circuit, and the other – to the output one. Indication of the unit for protection against unauthorized disconnection of supply voltage is a light-emitting diode connected in parallel to the winding of the electromagnetic relay. Charging circuit is connected through a charging resistor to the accumulator, at that it contains a switch with the possibility to adjust the charge current amplitude. Discharge circuit comprises an RC circuit for adjusting the amplitude and a resistor for discharging the capacitor.

EFFECT: technical result is higher reliability of device.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the electrical field of technology, namely, devices for charging batteries with asymmetric current and can be used in all areas of the national economy.

A device for charging a chemical current source with an asymmetric current, comprising a battery, a charging and a discharge circuit with the possibility of alternating pulses controlled by transistors and zener diodes [RU No. 2006132, class. H02J / 10, publ. 05/01/1994]. The device guarantees a stable current at the output with a given asymmetry and a certain ratio between the durations of charging and discharge pulses.

However, the discharge circuit is continuously connected to the battery, which is why during the passage of charge pulses part of the energy is lost in the discharge circuit, therefore, the efficiency of the device is low. In this device, desulfation is carried out at the frequency of the supply voltage, since there is no adjustment unit. In addition, the device lacks protection against reverse polarity, overheating and unauthorized disconnection of the input voltage, which significantly reduces the reliability of the device.

The closest in technical essence is a device for charging batteries [SU No. 1167684, cl. H02J / 10, publ. 07/15/1985], containing two input terminals for connecting a power source and two output terminals for connecting to a battery, a multivibrator, a charging circuit connected between the power source and output terminals, a discharge circuit connected to an output terminal with one output and the input line with the other battery. In this case, a multivibrator made on bipolar transistors, as well as field-effect transistors with the ability to control the period and duty cycle of pulses of asymmetric current. The battery is charged due to the automatic switching of the device to the charge and discharge modes with a certain ratio of the flow time of the current pulse in the forward and reverse directions.

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability of the device due to the lack of protection against overheating and connecting a faulty battery. In addition, the use of the phase-pulse control unit of a half-wave rectifier of the charge current, operating from an alternating voltage network, which does not allow the device to work from a constant voltage source and excludes the use of alternative energy sources.

The problem of the invention is the creation of a device for charging and desulfation of batteries with the possibility of using sources of both AC and DC voltage and the creation of a new algorithm for protecting the device.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device.

The stated problem and the technical result are achieved in that the device for charging and desulfation of batteries with an asymmetric current contains two input terminals for connecting a power source and two output terminals for connecting to a battery, a multivibrator, a charging circuit connected between the power source and output terminals, a discharge circuit, one output connected to the output terminal, and the other to the battery input line. According to the invention, the device further includes, in parallel with the multivibrator, a protection block against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage, including a relay, a diode and an indicator, while the multivibrator includes a power switch unit with the ability to switch AC and DC voltage, and also time-varying circuits consisting of resistors and capacitors are included in the multivibrator with the ability to adjust the frequency and duty cycle of oscillations, and integrating circuits with the ability to stabilize the frequency of oscillations.

The power switch unit includes a relay, a diode with the ability to protect the device from EMF self-induction and a contact for connecting the charging and discharge circuits.

The protection block against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage is based on an electromagnetic relay and the overheat protection block on thermal fuses, one of which is connected in series to the input circuit and the other to the output circuit.

As an indicator of the protection block against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage, an LED is used that is connected in parallel with the coil of the electromagnetic relay.

The charging circuit through the charging resistors is connected to the battery, while containing a switch with the ability to adjust the amplitude of the charging current.

The discharge circuit contains an RC circuit for adjusting the amplitude and a resistor for discharging the capacitor.

An additional inclusion in the device in parallel with the multivibrator of the protection unit against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage, containing a relay, diode and indicator, provides an improvement of the device protection algorithm.

The introduction of a power switch block into a multivibrator for the purpose of switching direct and alternating voltage allows you to realize the possibility of using sources of both alternating and direct voltage, that is, alternative energy sources (for example, solar panels and wind generators).

The inclusion in the multivibrator of timing circuits, consisting of resistors and capacitors with the ability to adjust the frequency and duty cycle of the oscillations, and integrating circuits with the ability to stabilize the frequency of the oscillations allows you to create a device for charging and desulfation of batteries with the necessary parameters of the charging and discharge components of the asymmetric current.

The implementation of the power switch block in the form of a relay, a diode to protect the device from self-induction EMF and a contact for connecting the charging and discharge circuits provides the possibility of using alternative energy sources along with alternating voltage sources.

The implementation of the protection block from connecting a faulty battery based on bipolar transistors that are part of the multivibrator, and the overheat protection block on thermal fuses, one of which is connected in series to the input circuit and the other to the output circuit, increases the reliability of the device.

Using as an indicator the protection block against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage of the LED, connected in parallel with the coil of the electromagnetic relay, allows you to set the moment of operation of the protection.

The connection of the charging circuit through the charging resistors with the battery, while the inclusion of a switch with the ability to adjust the amplitude of the charging current provides the required parameters of the charging component of the asymmetric current.

The content in the discharge circuit of the RC circuit to adjust the amplitude and the resistor for the discharge of the capacitor is necessary to set the required parameters of the discharge component of the asymmetric current.

In FIG. 1 presents a schematic diagram of the proposed device.

The device contains two input terminals 1 and 2 for connecting a power source and two output terminals 3 and 4 for connecting to a battery, a multivibrator 5 and a power switch unit 6 located on the right side of the multivibrator 5, a charging circuit 7 connected between the power source and output terminals , a discharge circuit 8, one output connected to the output terminal, and the other to the input line of the battery, and the protection against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage 9, connected in parallel with the multivibrator 5.

The multivibrator 5 contains two bipolar transistors 10 and 11 for generating electrical oscillations and controlling the power switch 6. To adjust the frequency and duty cycle of the oscillations, the multivibrator 5 includes timing circuits consisting of resistors 12, 13 and capacitors 14, 15. To stabilize the oscillation frequency in the multivibrator 5 integrating circuits 16 and 17 are included.

The power switch 6 consists of an electromagnetic relay 18 for generating pulses of charging and discharge current, a diode 19 for protecting the device from EMF self-induction and contact 20 for connecting the charging and discharge circuits 7 and 8.

The charging circuit 7 serves to supply a charging pulse to the battery through the charging resistors 21, 22 and includes a switch 23 for adjusting the amplitude of the charging current.

The discharge circuit 8 serves to supply a discharge pulse from the battery, contains an RC circuit 24 for adjusting the amplitude and a resistor 25 for discharging the capacitor.

LEDs 26, 27 are used to indicate charge and discharge.

The protection against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage 9 is a relay protection that excludes the possibility of discharging the battery to the internal resistance of the device, it contains a relay 28 to disconnect the battery from loads, a diode 29 to protect the device from EMF and LED 30 to indicate the inclusion of the device.

Diodes 31-34, connected in series with the elements, serve to protect against possible reverse polarity.

Overheat protection is performed on two thermal fuses 35 and 36, one of which is connected in series to the input circuit and the other to the output circuit.

The device operates as follows.

The voltage is supplied from the power source through the protection against unauthorized shutdown of the input voltage 9 to the multivibrator 5 and the power switch 6. When power is applied to the multivibrator circuit 5, self-oscillations occur. The multivibrator 5 on two bipolar transistors 10 and 11 controls the power switch 6 in order to generate an asymmetric current. Management is as follows.

When the battery is connected to the output terminals, the multivibrator 5 is excited. During the passage of the pulse through the right side of the multivibrator 5, the relay 18 of the power switch 6 is turned on, its contact 20 connects the battery to the power source through the charging circuit 7, and the charging pulse is supplied to the battery through the charging resistors 21, 22. A powerful resistor eliminates high current, heating and hydrogen evolution during battery charging and desulfation. To adjust the amplitude of the charging current, depending on the capacity of the rechargeable battery, a switch 23 is provided. The charge is indicated by the LED 26.

When the multivibrator 5 transitions to another state when there is no pulse in the right part - contact 20 of the relay 18 of the power switch 6 connects the battery to the discharge circuit 8 and the discharge pulse comes from the battery. The amplitude of the discharge current is controlled by an RC circuit of the second kind 24. A resistor 25 is used to discharge the capacitor. The discharge is indicated by an LED 27. The charge-discharge contact 20 is controlled by a bipolar transistor 11. These processes alternate with a multivibrator 5 operating frequency of about 1 Hz.

The battery is charged due to the automatic switching of the device to charge and discharge modes with a certain ratio of the current pulse flow time in the forward and reverse directions. This is done by means of timing chains in the right and left parts of the multivibrator 5, implemented on resistors 12, 13 and capacitors 14, 15. For the stability of the pulse frequency over a wide period and duty cycle at low values of the timing capacitors 14 and 15 with temperature-independent frequency stability from the choice of timing resistors 12 and 13, integrating circuits 16 and 17 are additionally introduced into the multivibrator circuit 5 to suppress differential currents.

The protection block against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage 9 is a relay protection, which eliminates the possibility of discharging the battery to the internal resistance of the device during power outages, in case of prolonged use of the device in automatic charge and desulfation mode. It works as follows - when an unauthorized shutdown occurs, the relay 28 is turned off, disconnecting the battery from all loads. Diode 29 implements the protection of the device from pulses of EMF self-induction. Indication of the inclusion of the device is carried out by means of LED 30.

The multivibrator 5 is divided into two parts - the left side is connected to the power source, and the right side to the battery - thus, protection against short circuit and polarity reversal of the charging circuit 7. If the device is disconnected from the battery, the voltage ceases to be supplied to the right side, oscillation generation in the multivibrator 5 breaks down and the power switch 6 is turned off, disconnecting the output wires, - a short circuit of the de-energized wires is not dangerous. In the case of polarity reversal of the charging circuit 7 - the diode 34 is closed, connected in series with the right side of the multivibrator 5, and oscillation generation in it is not excited. If the output wires of the device are correctly connected to the battery, the battery voltage starts the multivibrator 5 and the device resumes operation. In the case of using a constant voltage source, the diode 33, connected in series with the left side of the multivibrator 5, protects it from possible polarity reversal of the voltage source, and the diode 31, connected in series with the protection unit 9, protects the device from possible polarity reversal of the voltage source. The diode 32, connected in series with the discharge circuit 8, protects the capacitor of the RC circuit of the second kind 24 from the reverse polarity of the battery.

The protection against connecting a faulty battery is implemented using a multivibrator 5. If you try to connect the device to a deeply discharged or sulfated battery in the multivibrator 5, there will be no fluctuations - the device will not turn on, the charge indication LED 26 will not light up, signaling that the battery cannot be restored .

Overheat protection is performed on two thermal fuses 35 and 36, one of which is connected in series to the input circuit and the other to the output circuit. If the temperature inside the device exceeds a safe limit, the thermal fuses will trip, providing protection.

The invention is at the stage of laboratory research.

Claims (6)

1. Device for charging and desulfation of batteries with an asymmetric current, containing two input terminals for connecting a power source and two output terminals for connecting to a battery, a multivibrator, a charging circuit connected between the power source and output terminals, a discharge circuit connected to an output terminal with one terminal and another with a battery input line, characterized in that the device additionally includes, in parallel with the multivibrator, a protection block against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage, with holding a relay, diode and indicator, while the multivibrator includes a power switch unit with the ability to switch AC and DC voltage, and the multivibrator includes timing circuits consisting of resistors and capacitors with the ability to adjust the frequency and duty cycle of the oscillations, and integrating circuits with the possibility of frequency stabilization fluctuations. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the power switch unit includes a relay, a diode with the ability to protect the device from EMF self-induction and a contact for connecting the charging and discharge circuits. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection against unauthorized disconnection of the supply voltage is made on the basis of an electromagnetic relay using an LED connected in parallel with the coil of an electromagnetic relay as an indicator. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that thermal fuses are included in the device, one of which is connected in series to the input circuit and the other to the output circuit. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the charging circuit through the charging resistors is connected to the battery, while containing a switch with the ability to adjust the amplitude of the charging current. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge circuit contains an RC circuit for adjusting the amplitude and a resistor for discharging the capacitor.

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