RU2720911C2 - Method for measuring individual milk yield and device for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture, in particular, to determination of individual milk yield during milking. Time of passage of each portion of milk from each teat of udder is measured for each operating cycle of the milking machine, these time intervals are integrated, and integral intervals of time are summed up from all quarters. Then total time of passage of all portions of milk is multiplied by milk yield scale and correction factor and total milk yield is calculated. Beginning and end of the passage time of each portion of yield of milk from each dolly of the cow for each operating cycle of the milking machine determines a comparator. Electrode sensor of presence of milk flow is installed in milking chamber of collector of milking device, is made in the form of four pairs of electrodes. Each pair of electrodes (2) forming one of four measuring channels is connected in parallel to one electrode to generator of alternating current pulses (1), and by other electrode is connected through comparator (3) and integral time counter (4) connected in series to adder (5). Unit of constant coefficient (6) and digital indicator of total milk yield (7) are connected in series to output of summator.

EFFECT: simplification of milk yield determination process.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods and devices for determining individual milk yield of cows during milking.

A known method of determining individual milk yield of milk, providing for the fixation of pulses of a discrete flow transducer bucket type, their summation and correction of total milk yield [1].

The disadvantage of this method should be considered the lack of accounting for the receipt of milk from each quarter of the udder of the cow.

Closest to the proposed method in technical essence is the method, which consists in the fact that the determination of the amount of milk yield is carried out by measuring the transit time of each dose of milk flow [2].

The disadvantage of this method should be considered the need to use additional equipment in the form of a check valve to prevent re-metering of milk at low flow intensities, which significantly increases the hydraulic resistance of the milk tract. At the same time, accounting for milk, as a rule, is performed in aggregate from all quarters of the udder.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method for determining individual milk yield by taking it into account from each quarter without interfering with the process of extracting milk from the nipple of the cow's udder and into the technological line for its transportation to the milk line.

The proposed method is achieved by the fact that to determine the amount of milk yield, the transit time of each portion of the milk flow from each teat of the udder for each working cycle of the milking machine is measured. These time periods are integrated, then the integral passage time of portions of milk from all quarters is summed. After that, the total transit time of all portions of milk is multiplied by the scale of milk yield and the correction coefficient determined experimentally, and the total milk yield is calculated, and the comparator determines the beginning and end of the transit time of each portion of milk from each nipple of the cow's udder for each working cycle of the milking machine.

To control and determine the yield of milk, each integral quarter of the milk passing time from each quarter is multiplied by the milk yield scale and the correction coefficient determined experimentally, the integral milk yield of each quarter is calculated, and the total milk yield is calculated by summing the integral milk yield of all quarters.

The flow of milk anywhere outside the sphincter has a pulsating nature of the motion of a liquid of non-uniform density. In the section “udder-milking cup-collector-milk hose-meter”, the milk flow undergoes repeated transformations (expansion and narrowing of the live section, saturation and separation of air, pressure and pressureless movements), all this complicates and reduces the accuracy of measuring individual milk yield.

Measuring the transit time for each milking machine milking machine of individual portions of milk, which is a continuous medium, immediately after removing a discrete portion of milk from the udder at the beginning of movement before they are repeatedly converted: combining, saturation with the air, in our opinion, will simplify and, together with thereby increase the accuracy of determining individual milk yield. In addition, measuring the duration of passage of each portion of milk from the nipple of the cow's udder allows us to evaluate the actual contribution of each quarter to the total milk yield and, as a result, to determine and control the suitability of this individual for machine milking.

The duration of each portion of milk from the nipple of the cow's udder on a scale is the discrete value of the quarter milk yield per one milking unit working cycle. The process of the outflow of milk from the nipple of the cow's udder is similar to the outflow of liquid through the hole (nozzles).

Consumption - the volume of milk per unit time (milk yield) from the nipple of the udder can be determined by the expression

where Q is the flow of milk (scale of milk yield), m / s ³ ;

μ is the flow coefficient;

ƒ is the area of the hole (nipple output channel), m;

N - discharge pressure, m

The discharge head will be equal to

where p _m is the vacuum pressure in the milk line, Pa;

p _o - resistance of the sphincter and pressure loss in the area from the suction cup of the teat cup to the milk line, Pa;

r _c - excessive cysterial pressure, Pa;

ρ _m is the density of milk, kg / m ³ ;

h - milk level in the nipple tank, m

The performed studies show that the discharge head in modern milking machines does not change much during the main phase of milk transfer. As a result of continuous improvement of the technical means of machine milking, targeted breeding work, as well as the biological adaptation of each individual individual during machine milking to the operating parameters of a specific milking unit, the second flow rate (milk yield scale) characterizing the average result of the interaction of the biological parameters of the individual (cow) and vacuum the system of a particular milking unit changes little during milking, i.e. the milk yield scale is constant and equal to Q = const.

Then the volume of a portion of milk (discrete milk yield) from the nipple of each quarter per cycle of sucking the working cycle of the milking machine will be proportional to the time of the actual flow of milk multiplied by the scale of milk yield. It can be defined by expression

ΔV _j = Qt _i ,

where ΔV _i is the volume of a portion of milk (discrete milk yield), m ³ ;

Δt _i - the duration of the flow of milk from the nipple of the cow's udder during the sucking cycle for the working cycle of the milking machine, s.

It is technically difficult to measure the duration of milk flowing out of the nipple of the udder directly at the outlet of the nipple channel without interfering with the device and the technological process of the teatcup; it is much simpler at some distance, for example, in the milk chamber of the collector at the outlet in the direction of milk movement from the milk tubes of the nipple rubber. The possible change in the size of the living cross-sectional area of the flow of a portion of milk in this area and the presence of transients in this case can be taken into account by a correction factor k. Then discrete milk yield, taking into account the correction coefficient k, will be equal to

ΔV _j = kQΔt _i .

The correction factor k is determined experimentally and takes into account transients and the probability of a change in the area of the living cross section of the milk flow on the path from the nipple to the place of flow measurement.

Multiplying the integral segments of the milk passage time for each quarter by the milk yield scale and the correction factor, the integral milk yield of each quarter is determined. Summing up the integral milk yield on the quarters of the udder, the total milk yield is calculated. The comparator, which determines the beginning and end of the transit time of each portion of milk, allows you to measure the actual transit time of portions of milk with an intensity higher than critical, i.e. to exclude from the strokes of sucking periods of time during which milk is not removed from the nipple of the udder of the animal.

Thus, the set of essential features is new, meets the criterion of "inventive step" and ensures the achievement of a technical result: objective determination of the individual milk yield of a cow, taking into account the personal contribution of all quarters of the udder, without interfering with the process of extracting milk from the nipple of the udder of the cow and into the technological line for its transportation into the milk line.

To implement the method of individual milk yield, a known device for measuring milk yield containing a bucket counter and an electronic control unit [1]. The main disadvantages of this device are the complication of the transporting tract, which additionally has a bucket counter to account for the total volume of milk from all quarters.

It is also known a device for metering milk [3], containing a flow transducer, electrodes and a computing device. This device records milk in milk pipelines with random feed flows. However, it is intended solely for group accounting of milk during milking in the milk pipeline.

The closest in technical essence is a device for implementing the method for determining individual milk yield [2], containing an alternating current pulse generator, an electrode for the presence of flow and a time counter.

The disadvantage of this device should be considered the measurement of the transit time of a portion of milk at the end of the technological path of its transportation, i.e. time measurement is carried out for the converted flow, in addition, it is impossible to use this device with the lower location of the milk line. Moreover, to eliminate multiple metering of portions of milk at low intensity, it is necessary to install a non-return valve or a controlled shut-off valve, which structurally complicates the milk transportation path and increases its hydraulic resistance.

The aim of the invention is to develop a device for determining individual milk yield capable of separately accounting for milk yield from each quarter without interfering with the process of extracting milk from the nipple of the cow's udder and into the technology for transporting it to the milk pipe.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for determining individual milk yield containing an alternating current pulse generator, an electrode for the presence of a stream and a time counter, an electrode for presence of a stream, is installed in the milk chamber of the collector of the milking machine, made in the form of four pairs of electrodes, moreover, the electrodes in pairs in a plane passing through their longitudinal axes are installed at an acute angle to each other in the direction of the corresponding milk pipe. Four comparators, four time counters, which are integral, an adder, a constant coefficient block and a digital indicator of total milk yield, are mounted in the device. Each pair of electrodes forming one of the four measuring channels is connected in parallel with one electrode to an alternating current pulse generator, and the other electrode is connected through a comparator and an integral time counter connected in series to the adder. A constant coefficient block and a digital indicator of total milk yield are sequentially connected to the output of the adder.

Additionally, in each of the four measuring channels, after the integral time counter, a constant coefficient unit and a digital indicator of quarterly milk yield can be sequentially installed in front of the adder, and a digital indicator of total milk yield is connected to the output of the adder.

It is technically difficult to measure the time taken for a portion of milk directly at the exit of the cow's udder nipple without significant constructive intervention in the milking cup device. The installation in the milk chamber of the collector of the milking machine of the electrode sensor for the presence of flow, made in the form of four pairs of electrodes, which are paired in a plane passing through their longitudinal axes at an acute angle to each other in the direction of the corresponding milk pipe, allows you to maximize the four measuring channels for the presence of milk to the nipple of the udder, without interfering with the process of extracting milk from the nipple of the udder of the cow and into the technology of transporting it to the milk line. Since the distance from each nipple of the udder to the electrode sensor for the presence of milk installed in the milk chamber is relatively small, there is an inextricable movement of the milk flow within this distance inside the nipple rubber and the duration of each suction stroke:

Q = Q _k

where Q and Q _K are, respectively, the flow of milk at the exit of the nipple of the udder and at the entrance to the collector (design section), m ³ / s.

The installation of each pair of electrodes in a plane passing through their longitudinal axis at an acute angle to each other in the direction of the corresponding milk pipe, and the execution of the cone-shaped electrodes also in the direction of the milk pipe provide a reduction in the distance between the electrodes as they approach the milk pipe and, conversely, increase as you delete. Rapprochement ensures the closure of the electrodes at a low intensity of milk intake, and the discrepancy eliminates the dropping of a drop of milk between them at a low intensity and thereby false closure of the electrodes.

The presence in each measuring channel of comparators allows you to clearly control the on and off integral time counters, i.e. exclude from the time of each stroke of sucking the length of time during which milk is not removed from the nipple of the udder of the animal.

The implementation of integral time counters provides an integral (cumulative) record of the time taken for milk to pass from a given quarter during milking. The adder provides a summation of the integral lengths of the passage of milk from all four quarters. The constant coefficient block allows you to enter the milk yield scale for recalculating the total duration of milk flow into the total milk yield taking into account the correction coefficient determined experimentally and taking into account transients and the probability of changing the living cross-sectional area of the milk flow on the path from the nipple to the entrance to the collector of the milking machine.

The installation in each of the four measuring channels after the integral time counter in front of the adder of the constant coefficient unit and the digital indicator of the quarterly milk yield, connected in series, allows additionally and more accurately control the milk yield of each quarter and the total milk yield, since each channel is equipped with a constant coefficient unit determined experimentally.

Thus, the set of essential features is new, meets the criterion of "inventive step" and ensures the achievement of a technical result: determination of the total milk yield, taking into account the milk yield from each quarter separately without interfering with the process of extracting milk from the nipple of the cow udder and the technology of transporting it to the milk pipe.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for determining individual milk yield according to claim 3.

In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a device for determining individual milk yield according to claim 4.

A device for determining individual milk yield includes an AC pulse generator 1, an electrode for the presence of milk, made in the form of four pairs of electrodes 2, four comparators 3, four integral time meters 4, an adder 5, a constant coefficient 6 unit and a digital indicator of total milk yield 7. The electrodes 2 of the milk presence sensor in pairs in a plane passing through their longitudinal axis are mounted in the milk chamber of the milking machine collector at an acute angle to each other in the direction of the corresponding milk pipe below and opposite each of the milk pipes of the milking machine collector (milking machine collector in the figures of the graphic material not shown). Each pair of electrodes 2, forming one of the four measuring channels, is connected in parallel with one electrode to an alternating current pulse generator 1, and the other electrode is connected through a comparator 3 and an integral time counter 4 connected in series to an adder 5, a block is connected in series to the output of the adder 5 a constant ratio of 6 and a digital indicator of total milk yield 7.

In the device for determining individual milk yield, in addition to each of the four measuring channels, after the integral time counter 3, a constant coefficient unit 6 and a digital indicator of quarterly milk yield 8 can be sequentially installed in front of the adder 5, and a digital indicator of total milk yield 7 is connected to the output of the adder 5.

A device for measuring individual milk yield works as follows.

During the sucking cycle, milk from each nipple of the cow's udder through the milk tube of the nipple rubber enters the collector of the milking machine and closes a pair of electrodes 2, the corresponding measuring channel. The pulse from the AC pulse generator 1 reaches the comparator 3 and is compared with a threshold value. When the threshold value is exceeded, the comparator 3 gives a signal to the integral time counter 4, which turns on and measures the time it takes for the milk dose to pass from the nipple of the cow's udder to the suction cycle of the milking machine. Comparator 3, when the intensity of milk decreases below the critical level, turns off the integral time counter until the next portion of milk of the next sucking cycle with an intensity above the critical level. From each integral time counter 4, each measuring channel, the integral time intervals for the presence of milk on the electrodes of the sensor 2 are supplied to the constant coefficient block 6, multiplied by the milk yield scale and the correction factor in the constant coefficient block 6, and received in each measuring channel to digital indicators of quarterly milk yield 8 . Then the integral milk yield from each quarter goes to the adder 5 and summed. The total milk yield from all quarters is displayed on the digital indicator of total milk yield 7.

Using the proposed device for determining individual milk yield allows you to simply and fairly accurately control and determine the current and final values of the quarterly and total milk yield without interfering with the process of extracting milk from the nipple of the cow's udder and into the production line for transporting it to the milk line.

Literature

1. Pat. 2044472 RF, IPC A01J 7/00. The method of individual accounting of milk with automatic correction of the error in determining milk yield and a device for its implementation / Yu.A. Choi; A.I. Zelentsov; V.V. Kirsanov; A.A. Gerasenkov (RF). - No. 5046954/15: Claimed on 09/09/1992: Published on 09/27/1995.

2. Pat. 2093982 RF, IPC A01J 7/00. A method of measuring the flow of milk and a device for its implementation / Tilman Hefelmayr; Jacob Mayer Youn (DE). - No. 5011377/02: Declared March 26, 1992: Published on October 27, 1997.

3. Pat. No. 2444182 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01J 7/00 Device for metering milk in the milk pipelines of livestock farms / F.G. Maryahin; A.I. Uchevatkin; B.P. Korshunov; A.B. Korshunov; B.C. Koptev; A.V. Vlasov (RF). - No.2010123688 / 13: Announced 06/10/2010: Published on 03/10/2012.

Claims (2)

1. The method of determining individual milk yield, which consists in determining the amount of milk yield by measuring the transit time of each portion of milk, characterized in that the transit time of each portion of milk from each teat of the udder for each working cycle of the milking machine is measured, these time periods are integrated, summarize the integral time intervals from all quarters, and then multiply the total transit time of all servings of milk by the scale of milk yield and the correction coefficient determined experimentally, and calculate the total yield of milk, with the beginning and end of the transit time of each serving of milk from each nipple of the cow udder for each working cycle The milking machine is determined by the comparator. 2. A device for determining individual milk yield of milk, containing an alternating current pulse generator, an electrode for the presence of milk flow and a time counter, characterized in that the electrode for the presence of milk flow is installed in the milk chamber of the collector of the milking machine, made in the form of four pairs of electrodes, which are paired in a plane passing through their longitudinal axes, they are installed at an acute angle to each other in the direction of the corresponding milk pipe, in addition, four comparators, four time counters made integral, an adder, a constant coefficient unit and a digital indicator of total milk yield are mounted, each pair electrodes, forming one of the four measuring channels, in parallel with one electrode is connected to an alternating current pulse generator, and the other electrode is connected through a comparator and an integral time counter connected in series to an adder, to the output of which a post unit is connected in series ratio and digital indicator of total milk yield.

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