RU2719044C1 - System for water supply of railroad passenger cars with drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sanitation equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sanitary equipment of passenger cars, in particular, to installations and devices for drinking supply of passengers with drinking hot and cold water. System for water supply of railroad passenger cars with drinking water includes device for controlling supply and consumption of water, connected to cooling and proportioning device and water heating and dosing device. Device for controlling water supply and consumption includes accumulation tank (4) at the water supply inlet into which electromagnetic valve (3) is installed, the input of which is connected to throttle (2). Accumulating tank (4) is equipped with two-level float sensor (6, 7) and breathing valve (5). Accumulating tank with water cooling and heating devices is connected via throttles (8) and (9). Cooling and proportioning device comprises cold water tank (10) inside which thermostat (11) is installed, evaporator (12) for water cooling connected in series with condenser (13) and compressor (14). On the cold water supply pipeline (15) to the user, a UV water disinfector is provided with connected to tap (20) through the water flow sensor (21). Water heating and dosing device comprises hot water tank (22) with heating element (23) and temperature sensors. Tanks of hot (22) and cold (10) water to provide for hydraulic mode of the system are connected by tubes (27) and (28) with accumulating tank (4). For graduated water supply to valves (20) and (29) pipelines are located in upper part of tanks (10) and (22). For discrete water supply the pipeline end is bent downwards at its outlet from the tank.

EFFECT: invention ensures stable operation of the water supply system during a long journey of a railway passenger car and increases efficiency of drinking water decontamination.

8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sanitary equipment of passenger cars, in particular to installations and devices for the drinking provision of passengers with drinking hot and cold water.

The water supply system for passenger cars is the most important sanitary equipment that provides the necessary conditions for passengers during their long journey. Regardless of the type, each passenger carriage is equipped with a water supply system designed to provide passengers with drinking water.

In accordance with the general technical requirements for the cooling, heating and disinfection of drinking water of passenger cars, related to the peculiarities of their operation, in particular, the presence of restrictions on the total water consumption and consumed electric power, as well as the likelihood of secondary microbiological contamination of water, the equipment design must ensure :

- the performance of chilled drinking water is not more than 10 l / h;

- the performance of heated drinking water is not more than 10 l / h;

- power consumption:

- on chains of 230 V of alternating current no more than 700 W;

- on chains of 110 V of a direct current no more than 1500 W.

In addition, the installation should have cold and hot water dispensing taps, providing the possibility of pouring water into a glass with a capacity of at least 200 ml in a time of no more than 10 seconds. The water supply to the installation should be carried out from the water supply tank of the car through additional filters, ensuring the content of suspended solids in the water no more than 1 mg / l. The equipment must ensure the biological safety of drinking water and reduce the risk of spread of infections with the fecal-oral transmission mechanism by inactivating pathogens and viruses by physical methods (high temperature, ultraviolet radiation). If an ultraviolet disinfection unit is used as a source of bactericidal treatment of drinking water, it should not contain liquid mercury. The design of the installation should provide the ability to completely drain the water.

A known water supply system (RU 97319, class B61D 35/00, 2010), comprising a water tank with bulk lines connected to a drain, plumbing equipment connected to the mains with a water treatment unit, which includes a cold water pump, a hydraulic accumulator and a water heater block. A cold water supply pump is connected to a water tank and to a hydraulic accumulator, which is connected to a water heating unit and to plumbing equipment. The line for supplying hot water to the plumbing equipment is connected to the line for supplying cold water to the water heating unit. The latter is made of two heaters, interconnected by pipelines with valves, forming a water heating circuit. The water treatment unit can be placed in a separate building installed under the car.

A particular danger during the operation of the water supply system for cars is the possibility of the formation of biofilms on the inner surfaces of pipelines, which contain microorganisms that can cause infectious diseases in humans and biodegradation of materials. The elimination of biofouling is ensured by regularly carried out measures for the disinfection of water supply systems for cars. However, under favorable conditions, the time of biofilm formation is from several days to several hours, which leads to a high probability of their occurrence during the operation of the car.

A known water supply system for a passenger railway carriage (RU 2418702, class B61D35 / 00, E03B1 / 00, B61K11 / 02, 2011), including a water tank, water consumers, water tank refueling means, a filter for treating water with a sump and process controls refueling the water tank and cleaning the sump. Refueling equipment consists of water-filled pipes with a reflector installed in the tank and an overflow pipe. Water filling pipes at the lower ends have shut-off valves and devices connected to the control panel for connecting the equipment to the water supply. The filter for water purification has a hollow body, a receiving cavity located in the housing, an exhaust cavity and filter elements installed between the two cavities. The filter outlet cavity has nozzles equipped with controlled valves that are connected to the control panel. Purified water consumers are connected to the pipes by pipelines. The tank water level sensors and sludge level sensors in the sump are connected to the control panel.

However, this system also does not allow disinfection of water for use as drinking water.

A known water supply system for passenger trains for public catering cars (EP 0653520, class E03B11 / 00, 1993) comprising a tank for water, a pipe and / or a hose for a circulation loop containing a circulation pump and one UV radiation device for sterilizing water. The pressure line is connected to the points of consumption - to the tap and to the dishwasher. To ensure the circulation and pressure of water in the pipeline using a centrifugal pump.

The proposed system does not provide heating and cooling water. In addition, it is proposed to use bactericidal lamps containing liquid mercury as a source of UV radiation. As a result of the studies, it was found that UV disinfection of surfaces infected with the reference strains of Staphilococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus in the protein coat, having typical morphological and tinctorial properties of biofilms is achieved with a bactericidal dose of UV radiation on at least 40 treated surfaces mJ / cm ² and its efficiency does not exceed 99.9%. Taking into account that the concentration of microorganisms in biofilms can be tens of thousands of times higher than the maximum allowable for drinking water (not more than 50 CFU / ml), and traditional UV disinfection units provide a bactericidal dose of 10-25 mJ / cm ² , the use of traditional UV disinfection units in order to prevent secondary bacterial contamination in the water supply systems of cars is inefficient.

The problem of the invention is the development of a water supply system for railway passenger cars with drinking water that meets the general technical requirements in full.

The technical result of the invention is to ensure stable operation of the water supply system over a long trip of a railway passenger car and increasing the efficiency of disinfection of drinking water.

The problem and the technical result are achieved by the fact that the water supply system of railway passenger cars with drinking water, according to the invention, comprises a device for regulating the supply and consumption of water associated with a cooling and dosing device and a heating and dosing device for water. The device for regulating the supply and consumption of water includes a storage tank, at the inlet of the water supply into which an electromagnetic valve is installed, the input of which is connected to the throttle. The storage tank is equipped with a two-level float sensor and a breathing valve. A storage tank with a cooling and dosing device for water and with a heating and dosing device for water is connected through inductors. The cooling and dosing device includes a cold water tank, inside which a thermostat is installed, an evaporator for cooling water, connected in series with a condenser and compressor. A UV water disinfector is installed on the cold water supply line to the consumer, connected to the tap through a water flow sensor. The device for heating and dispensing water contains a hot water tank equipped with heating elements and temperature sensors. Hot and cold water tanks are connected by pipes to the storage tank to ensure the hydraulic mode of the system. For dosed water supply to taps, pipelines are located in the upper part of the tanks. To ensure a discrete water supply, the end of the pipeline, at the level of its exit from the tank, is bent down.

An input filter is installed at the system input. The presence of an inlet filter is a mandatory requirement for cooling, heating and disinfection of drinking water for passenger cars.

A two-level float sensor will include low and high level sensors installed at different heights to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve.

The UV water disinfectant is made two-chamber and includes a disinfection chamber and a heat removal chamber, on the dividing wall of which LEDs are installed, facing the disinfection chamber.

The evaporator installed in the cold water tank is made in the form of a copper tube with a refrigerant.

As temperature sensors for a hot water tank, a temperature sensor installed at a certain distance under each other, an emergency temperature sensor and a capacitive power off sensor with a critical decrease in the water level in the tank are used.

The bent down end of the pipeline is installed in the tank so that its bend is located at the water level.

In the lower part, the tanks of cold and hot water are equipped with pipelines for emptying them.

The presence of chokes, including gaskets, allows you to adjust the cross-section of pipelines for supplying water to the storage tank, as well as to cold and hot water tanks, which provides regulation of water consumption and supply in an amount that does not affect the operation of other water supply systems of the car.

The device for regulating the consumption and supply of water is connected with a device for cooling, disinfecting and dosing cold water and with a device for heating, disinfecting and dosing hot water with pipelines equipped with chokes. The presence of throttles allows you to adjust the water supply within the maximum permissible 10 l / h. The limitation of water supply to the cooling and heating devices is due to the presence of limits on the total energy consumption of the installation.

A breathing valve is located on the lid of the storage tank to communicate with the atmosphere. The installation of a breathing valve on the cover of the storage tank ensures the air is vented and supplied to the storage tank when the water level decreases or increases.

The evaporator installed in the cold water tank of the cooling device, disinfection and dosage of cold water, mainly made in the form of a copper tube with refrigerant associated with a thermostat and compressor for temperature control.

The connection of the compressor to the cold water tank through a thermostat ensures that the refrigerant is pumped through the compressor through a copper pipe into the condenser and vice versa to cool the water.

The presence of a UV irradiator after a cold water tank before being supplied to the consumer, in which LEDs are used as UV radiation sources, eliminates secondary microbiological water pollution.

LEDs emitting in the bactericidal UV range have a limited service life (several thousand hours). When the LEDs overheat, the resource is sharply reduced. In this regard, the UV disinfectant is made in the form of a two-chamber structure (an irradiation chamber and a heat removal chamber), and it is turned on and off by a signal from a flow sensor. In this case, the operating mode of the LEDs is periodic: switching on - no more than 10 seconds (at this time the heat from the LEDs is removed by the material of the heat sink chamber; turning off - at least 1 minute (during this time the heat manages to move away from the material of the heat sink chamber). significantly increase the resource of his work.

A feature of the pipeline for supplying water from cold and hot water tanks to the consumer is that the end of the pipeline is bent down. Water supply to the consumer is possible only after reaching the water level in the tank, above the level of bending of the end of the pipeline and stops when it reaches the lower level, the water enters the pipeline. This design provides a high speed of pouring water to the consumer in a glass with a capacity of at least 200 ml in a time of no more than 10 seconds.

The length of the downward bent end of the pipeline is chosen so that the volume of water in the cold and hot water tank from the lower level of the end of the pipeline to its bend is at least 200 ml.

The installation of temperature sensors in the hot water tank allows the thermoelectric cartridge heaters to be switched off when a certain temperature of the water in the tank is reached, and during an unintentional overheating they provide an emergency shutdown.

The presence of a pipe for draining air from the cold water tank and a pipe for draining the vapor-air mixture from the hot water tank to the storage tank ensures the hydraulic operation of the tanks and prevents condensation from occurring outside the installation. In addition, this design allows to reduce heat loss when heating water.

The water supply system of railway passenger cars with drinking water is shown in the drawing.

At the entrance to the system, an inlet filter 1 is installed, connected through a throttle 2 and an electromagnetic valve 3 to a storage tank 4. The storage tank 4 is equipped with a breathing valve 5, as well as a two-level float sensor, including a lower water level sensor 6 and a high water level sensor 7. The storage tank 4 is connected via chokes 8 to a cooling and dosing device for water, and through a choke 9 to a heating and dosing device. The device for cooling and dispensing water includes a cold water tank 10, inside which a thermostat 11 is installed, an evaporator 12 for cooling water, connected in series with a condenser 13 and a compressor 14. A dual-chamber UV water disinfectant is installed on the cold water supply pipe 15, including a disinfection chamber 16 and heat-releasing chamber 17. On the partition wall 18 of the UV disinfectant, LEDs 19 are mounted facing the disinfection chamber 16. A UV water disinfectant is connected to a water consumer 20 tap through a water flow sensor 21.

The device for heating and dispensing water contains a hot water tank 22, equipped with a heating element 23 and temperature sensors, including a temperature sensor 24, an emergency temperature sensor 25 and a capacitive sensor 26 for power off with a critical decrease in the water level in the tank 22. Tanks 10 and 22 for providing hydraulic mode the systems are connected by corresponding tubes 27 and 28 to the storage tank 4. For dosed water supply to the taps of the consumer 20 for cold water and the tap 29 for hot water, cold water pipelines 15 and 30 and are located in the vertical henna part of the tanks 10 and 22, while the ends 31 of the pipelines 15 and 30 at the site of its exit from the tanks 10 and 22 are made bent down to ensure a discrete water supply. The ends 31 of the pipelines are installed in the tanks 10 and 22 so that its bend is located at level 32 of the water. For routine maintenance of the system and for emptying tanks 10 and 22, they are provided with pipelines 33 and 34 in the lower part.

The device operates as follows.

From the car’s water supply system, water corresponding to GOST R 51232-98 “Drinking water” passes through a coarse filter 1 designed to delay large particles (more than 100 microns). After filter 1 and throttle 2, water enters the storage tank 4, designed for hydraulic isolation of the water supply system of the car and the establishment of a constant pressure. The storage tank 4 is connected to the atmosphere through a breathing valve 5. When the water level in the storage tank 4 decreases below a predetermined level, a sensor 6 is activated, which is responsible for signaling the opening of the electromagnetic valve 3. If the storage tank 4 is filled to prevent overflow, the sensor 7 sends a signal to closing the solenoid valve 3.

From the storage tank 4, through a pipeline equipped with a choke 8, water enters the cooling device, disinfection and dosage of cold water, and through a pipe equipped with a choke 9 into the device for heating, disinfection and dosing of hot water. The presence of throttles 8 and 9 allows you to adjust the water supply within the maximum permissible 10 l / h.

In the cold water tank 10, the water is cooled using a refrigerant, which is pumped by the compressor 14 from the evaporator 12 and back. Cooled water through the end of the pipeline 31 enters the UV disinfectant, in which, under the influence of a high dose of radiation up to 40 mJ / cm ^2, LED 19 treats the water with ultraviolet light. Disinfection of free-living microorganisms occurs with an efficiency of at least 99.9%. The flow sensor 21 serves to signal the inclusion of a UV irradiator.

The end 31 of the cold water supply pipeline to the consumer provides: the possibility of dispensing water into a glass with a capacity of at least 200 ml in a time of no more than 10 seconds.

The presence of the tube 27 of the exhaust air from the tank 10 of cold water into the storage tank 4 provides a hydraulic mode of operation of the device.

In the tank 22, the water is heated using two heating elements 23 using thermoelectric cartridge heaters. Heated and thermally disinfected water end 31 of the pipeline goes to the consumer on the tap 29.

The end 31 on the hot water supply line to the consumer provides the possibility of pouring water into a glass with a capacity of at least 200 ml in a time of no more than 10 seconds.

The presence of the tube 28 for discharging the para-air mixture from the hot water tank 22 to the storage tank 4 provides a hydraulic mode of operation of the device, prevents the appearance of condensate outside the installation and reduces heat loss of the heating device.

Currently, the installation of cooling, heating and disinfection of drinking water for passenger cars is at the stage of industrial production.

Claims (8)

1. The water supply system of railway passenger cars with drinking water, characterized in that it contains a device for regulating the supply and consumption of water associated with a cooling and dosing device and a heating and dosing device for water, while the device for regulating the supply and consumption of water includes a storage tank at the inlet the water supply into which the solenoid valve is installed, the input of which is connected to the throttle, the storage tank is equipped with a two-level float sensor and a breathing valve, on an auxiliary tank with cooling and water metering devices and a heating and water metering device is connected by throttles, while the cooling and water metering device includes a cold water tank, inside of which there is a thermostat, an evaporator for cooling water, connected in series with a condenser and compressor, on the cold supply pipe water to the consumer, a UV water disinfector is installed, connected to the tap through a water flow sensor, the device for heating and dosing water contains a hot water tank equipped with a heating element and temperature sensors, hot and cold water tanks are connected by pipes to the storage tank to ensure the hydraulic mode of the system, in addition, pipelines are located in the upper part of the tanks for dosed water supply to the taps, and to ensure a discrete water supply, the end of the pipeline at its exit the tank is bent down. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that an input filter is installed at the entrance to the system. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the two-level float sensor includes lower and upper level sensors installed at different heights to control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the UV water disinfectant is made two-chamber, including a disinfection chamber and a heat removal chamber, while LEDs are installed on the dividing wall, facing the disinfection chamber. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator installed in the cold water tank is made in the form of a copper tube with a refrigerant. 6. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that the temperature sensors of the hot water tank use a temperature sensor installed at a certain distance below each other, an emergency temperature sensor and a capacitive power-off sensor with a critical decrease in the water level in the tank. 7. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that the bent down end of the pipeline is installed in the tank so that its bend is located at the water level. 8. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the tanks of cold and hot water are equipped with pipelines for emptying them.

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