RU2717933C1 - Method for pre-harvesting desiccation of crops with variable norm within one field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Method of preliminary pre-harvesting of cropland plantings of variable-norm crops within one field includes automated operation of agricultural equipment using satellite navigation for individual analysis of zones inside the field pre-engineered on the cartographic circuit of the field. Dosage of the preparation introduced to improve parameters of the field sown with agricultural crops is calculated. Automated operation of agricultural equipment is started by loading a job card onto an on-board computer installed in the sprayer cabin. Onboard computer automatically establishes geolocation, reads the norms from the map-task at a specific point of the field and during the desiccation corrects the rate of flow of the working solution of the preparation in each section of the field according to the loaded task card. Entire field is processed according to the reference map with the working solution standards.

EFFECT: method for pre-harvesting desiccation of crops provides adjustment of boundaries of the range of zones with different rates of application of working solution of the preparation.

1 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The technical solution claimed as an invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to precise precision coordinate farming, and is intended for use in desiccating crops using satellite information for differentially accurate determination of the boundaries of desiccation zones taking into account field inhomogeneity and various plant humidity on different parts of the fields.

The use of satellite information is quite widespread at present in the agricultural industry. Thanks to satellite images, the user can receive information on farm fields in dynamics and respond to deviations in a timely manner. As an example, we can cite the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2495556 dated September 18, 2008, IPC: А01С 7/08, А01С 15/04, published October 10, 2011, which protects, in particular, the method of controlling an agricultural unit to introduce material into the soil in the form of seeds and fertilizers, and the means of dispensing the material associated with the means of dispensing the material, adapted for regulating and dispensing the material, operate using the GPS or GLONASS navigation system, which generates a signal after detecting areas of soil through which this sels previously passed ohozyaystvenny unit and made materials in the soil. The use of satellite navigation in this method can prevent duplication of sowing and the destruction of already sown beds. Another example is the PCT application No. WO 2016129671, IPC: АВВ 69/00, G05D 1/02, dated February 13, 2015, published August 18, 2016, for a control system for the autonomous operation of a vehicle, which describes a work control system agricultural vehicle, launching working unmanned tractors and determining their location on the field using satellites. As can be seen from the above examples, satellite navigation improves the efficiency and accuracy of many types of agricultural work.

There is a known analogue of the claimed technical solution, a device for automated control of a multi-support front-action sprinkler for precise irrigation according to the Russian patent for invention No. 2522526 of 12/11/2012, IPC: A01G 25/16, 25/09; G01N 25/56; G01S 19/05, published on July 20, 2014, the description of which allows one to judge the appropriate method. An analogue describes a device for automated control of a multi-support front-sprinkler sprinkler for precise irrigation, including pipelines installed on electric carts, a heading synchronization unit and a machine speed control unit, and the signal received from moisture meters installed on the irrigated area of the field is received to the irrigation control system via the GLONASS satellite, the signal from the irrigation control system through the GLONASS satellite is transmitted to the GLONASS-pr input-output emnika, wherein the output of the signal analysis unit is connected to the irrigation control unit inputs. Depending on the actual soil moisture of the squares of the irrigated field, the signal from the corresponding moisture meters is transmitted to the GLONASS satellite, which in turn transmits the signal to the GLONASS receiver. Next, the signals are sent to the signal analysis unit, where the minimum speed of the sprinkler is determined, at which the maximum irrigation rate is provided. In squares in which the soil moisture is higher than the minimum humidity value, the signal analysis unit generates a command for the corresponding irrigation control unit, which, in turn, by changing the signal duty cycle will change the flow rate through the sprinkler nozzles.

Common features with the claimed technical solution are the use of the GLONASS system, with which the operating parameters of an agricultural machine are optimized depending on specific field conditions. The advantage of the analogue is the presence of several modes - automated, semi-automated and manual, depending on the possibility of using the GPS navigation system, as well as taking into account interruptions or lack of satellite communications, for example, during magnetic storms, preventive interruptions and various external influences.

The disadvantages of this analogue are related to the purpose of its development, mainly aimed at improving irrigation systems and irrigation methods. Since in the analogue the irrigated field section is divided into 18 sections by the number of groups of irrigation nozzles, according to the width of the sprinkler machine, depends on the operation of the device, it is impossible to accurately zoning sections of different shapes with different parameters, and therefore its functionality is insufficient.

A known method of precision fertilizing (prototype) according to the Russian patent for the invention No. 2355154 dated 04.04.2007, IPC: АСС 21/00, published on 10.20.2008, including sampling for analysis, determination of the content of plant nutrients in soil samples , calculation of the compensation dose of fertilizer taking into account the initial content of nutrients in the soil and the automated introduction of the compensation dose using modern navigation aids, and soil samples for agrochemical analysis are taken individually in m At the intersection of the grid lines between each other and with the boundaries of the field separations previously projected on the cartographic field contour, the unit’s on-board computer measures the distance from its location along the line of movement to the nearest paired coordinate point with a relatively high content of nutrient in the soil in fractions of a unit of distance between paired points, and the compensation dose of fertilizer is calculated according to the formula developed by the authors of the patent.

Thus, in the prototype, the aim of the development is to increase the accuracy of introducing precision compensated doses of fertilizer for the planned crop on a field of heterogeneous fertility in the process of linear movement of the unit, corrected by fixed in geographical coordinates indicators of nutrient content in the soil and on-board navigation receiver of the global positioning system.

The technical solution of the prototype has signs of similarity with the claimed technical solution, such as the use of satellite navigation, automated operation of agricultural equipment, individual analysis of intra-field sections, pre-designed on the cartographic contour of the field, as well as the availability of a calculation of the dosage of substances that improve the parameters of the field sown with agricultural crops.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: a relatively narrow range of applications, the developed formula is intended only to determine the compensation dose of fertilizer. In addition, the typological highlighting of the field in the prototype depends on the geographic coordinate grid and therefore agrochemical analysis is performed at the nodes of the coordinate grid specified in advance. Therefore, the prototype method does not allow the processing of crops under specific parameters of the corresponding zones on the field, which may have a configuration different from the coordinate grid.

The claimed technical solution allows you to process a field with uneven boundaries of different zones. Instead of introducing a processing agent at a constant rate, this drug can also be applied at a changing rate or at several given rates within the field or area of interest. In devices designed to introduce material at varying rates, methods are usually used to determine the optimal amount of material to be applied to specific field areas.

In the inventive method, desiccation should be carried out when the culture is ready in the predominant part of the field. Data on crops in order to determine their processing needs in metric volume per unit area is obtained based on visual inspection of the state of the crop in different areas of the field, selected by NDVI value from a satellite image. In order to save the consumption of chemicals, as well as improve the quality of processing, it is proposed to automatically divide the field into zones for differentiated processing. The number of zones can be from three to four: if there are less than three zones, the processing accuracy deteriorates due to the impossibility of taking into account all sections of the green mass density; if there are more than four zones, this complicates the processing process, and in some cases makes it impossible due to the mutual dimensions of the field zones and the sprayer. To identify the zones, a satellite image is used for the last days (up to 10-12 days) before the start of processing. An earlier snapshot will not provide accurate information; the closest snapshot in time can sometimes be difficult to obtain quickly enough. Modern farming methods involve the receipt of data from two satellite systems, which allows for the frequency of obtaining images every 4-6 days, or 6 images per month.

A working solution of the processing product is prepared in accordance with the recommendations of its manufacturer. For example, the classic drug Reglon Super, BP, containing 150 g / l of an aqueous solution of diquat, normally uses from 1 to 2 liters of drug per hectare. Depending on the equipment on the sprayer, it can be dissolved in water at the rate of 10-300 liters of working solution per hectare. Therefore, in the claimed technical solution in table 1 shows the% working solution per hectare.

The vegetation index NDVI, an indicator of the amount of green biomass in each individual section of the field, is one of the most common indices for solving problems using quantitative estimates of the actual state of the vegetation cover. The range of values in which the NDVI index for vegetation is determined ranges from 0 to 1. The higher the NDVI value, the more green mass is contained in the object under consideration. The NDVI index does not show the absolute values of the biomass of green leaves (for example, in t / ha), but it can be used with high accuracy and efficiency to identify and evaluate areas where crops are developing well or poorly, in which areas there is more green mass of plant leaves, and which less. The scale of the regime of the vegetative index NDVI can be made both in the form of a horizontal scale with the display of different colors of the zones of the field from 0 to 1., and in the form of a histogram. A histogram is such a mode of displaying NDVI values within a specific field in the form of sixteen ranges, in which close quantitative NDVI values are combined and presented as rectangles of the corresponding range. This mode allows not only to assess the heterogeneity of the green mass in the fields visually from satellite images, but also to determine the dosage of the application of desiccation, inhomogeneous and different in each section of the field.

Saving the active substance when using task maps for differentiated desiccation is achieved by setting different application rates for different parts of the field, and the areas are determined depending on the intensity of green mass development in this area.

The task of clarifying the consumption of the processing agent in a differentiated process of desiccation is an important task in order to ensure safety, as well as to reduce the consumption of the drug and increase the efficiency of processing agricultural fields. The task is also the development of mathematical modeling of setting the boundaries of the range of zones according to the histogram of the absolute values of the vegetation index NDVI with the subsequent obtaining from the initial satellite image of the treated field, with the calculated NDVI indicator, a prescription in the form of a task map with the allocation of the required number of zones. An important task is also the possibility of uninterrupted operation of the sprayer operator, the on-board computer of which is loaded using USB memory or a telemetric communication map-task field with enlarged differentiated processing areas and predefined norms for making the working solution of the drug for desiccation.

The solution of the tasks is achieved by using satellite images with their subsequent processing depending on the contours of specific in-field sections, correspondingly setting the boundaries of the range of zones according to the histogram of the absolute values of the vegetation index NDVI and grouping each pixel of the images into one of the zones necessary for processing.

New is the proposed principle of the transition from the original satellite image to the task map with the allocation of the required number of zones and their enlargement by constructing a working histogram for each specific field.

The claimed technical solution allows to solve the problem of dosing and optimizing the accuracy of applying the necessary preparation for desiccation of the plant.

The purpose of the development of the proposed technical solution is to increase the accuracy of pre-harvest desiccation by introducing a variable norm on a field heterogeneous in the vegetation of green mass of plants using an on-board navigation receiver of a global positioning system such as GPS or GLONASS, during the movement of the processing sprayer in accordance with the histogram of the absolute values of the vegetative index NDVI and with adjustment of the applied dose for each calculated intra-field zone.

The technical task is to develop optimal parameters of the method of pre-harvest desiccation of crops of variable crops within one field; the achievement of the ability to adjust the boundaries of the range of zones with different norms of introducing the working solution of the drug according to the histogram of the absolute values of the vegetative index NDVI with the grouping of each pixel on the NDVI map into one of the processed zones.

The technical result is the expansion of the operational capabilities of the processing sprayer, the practical application of the optimal parameters of the method of pre-harvest desiccation with a variable rate of crops of crops within one field; calculation, based on satellite information about the field being cultivated, of a histogram of the absolute values of the vegetative index NDVI, which allows you to select the intra-field zones and determine for each of them the optimal rate of flow of the working solution of the drug in each case. The achievement of this result is ensured by the features of the proposed method.

The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the method of pre-harvest desiccation of variable-rate crops of crops within one field includes the automated operation of agricultural equipment using satellite navigation for individual analysis of intra-field zones previously designed on the cartographic field contour, as well as the availability of a dosage calculation for improvement parameters of the field sown with crops, the drug, and The start-up work of agricultural equipment is started by downloading the task card to the on-board computer installed in the sprayer booth, then the on-board computer automatically sets geolocation using the GPS / GLONASS system, reads the norms from the task card at a specific point in the field, and corrects the flow rate of the working solution during desiccation preparation in each section of the field according to the loaded task map, while the task map was previously developed by an agronomist based on the values of the vegetation NDVI index field and separately taken based on the determination standard working solution by visual inspection of the field and holds desiccation: the following embodiments:

1) based on three intra-field zones with adjustment of the working solution norm according to the scheme:

- for zone No. 1 - NDVI <0.2 - the norm of the working solution is from 0 to 50%;

- for zone No. 2 - NDVI from 0.2 to 0.45 - the norm of the working solution is from 50 to 100%; - for zone No. 3 - NDVI> 0.45 - the norm of the working solution is from 100 to 125%;

2) based on four intra-field zones with adjustment of the working solution norm, according to the scheme:

- for zone No. 1 - NDVI <0.2 - the norm of the working solution is from 0 to 50%;

- for zone No. 2 - NDVI from 0.2 to 0.3 - the norm of the working solution from 50 to 75%;

- for zone No. 3 - NDVI from 0.3 to 0.45 - the rate of working solution from 75 to 100%;

- for zone No. 4 - NDVI> 0.45 - the norm of the working solution is from 100 to 125%,

and then the field is processed according to the task map developed on the basis of the norm of the working solution.

The inventive method is illustrated by the drawings of FIG. 1-6, which depict:

FIG. 1 - source satellite image of the field with the calculated NDVI before desorption;

FIG. 2 - a customized histogram of the absolute values of the vegetative index NDVI with the boundaries of the range of zones and the grouping of each pixel in one of the three zones, where 0.25 and 0.4 are absolute values of the NDVI index.

FIG. 3 - electronic task map (prescription map) with the allocation of three zones, each of which is highlighted in color (red, yellow and green).

FIG. 4 - satellite image of the field after desiccation.

An EXAMPLE of a specific implementation of the proposed method. For wheat desiccation, the PF-Novo-Yenisei agricultural agronomist obtained the initial satellite image of the field (Fig. 1), which was used to compile a histogram of the absolute values of the vegetation index NDVI (Fig. 2), based on which the NDVI values are combined into three zones inside the field. Using a map with three zones, the agronomist conducted a visual inspection of the field, made a conclusion about the norm of the working solution in the zones, and set these norms in the task card, which was put into the on-board sprayer computer via flash memory. On the monitor screen in the sprayer operator’s cabin, an electronic desiccation task map (Fig. 3) with three zones was displayed. Further, according to the task map, desiccation of wheat was carried out with the following parameters of the rate of consumption of the working solution:

In the illustration of FIG. Figure 4 shows the field after desiccation, in this picture dark green spots are bushes and trees. The agricultural crop is evenly dried and ready for harvesting. As a result, 15% of Reglon Air was saved on a clogged field, which is 30 thousand rubles on a field of 161 ha (186 rubles / ha) and spraying productivity was increased by 12%.

A similar combination of the versatility of the method with the relative ease of use in the prototype has not been achieved.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty", "inventive step" and "industrial applicability".

Claims (11)

The method of pre-harvesting desiccation of crops of a variable norm within one field includes the automated operation of agricultural equipment using satellite navigation for individual analysis of intra-field zones previously designed on the cartographic field contour, and calculating the dosage of the drug introduced to improve the parameters of the field sown with agricultural crops, characterized in that for a single field previously developed by an agronomist and on the basis of the values of the vegetation index NDVI and on the basis of determining the norm of the working solution during visual inspection of the field, the task card is loaded into the on-board computer installed in the sprayer cabin, then using the on-board computer, geolocation is established using the GPS / GLONASS system, and the on-board computer during the sprayer operation reads the norms from the task map at a specific point in the field and, during the desiccation process, adjusts the rate of flow of the working solution of the drug in each section of the field according to the loaded map Adan during desiccation follows: - based on three intra-field zones with adjustment of the working solution norm according to the scheme: - for zone No. 1 - NDVI <0.2 - the norm of the working solution is from 0 to 50%; - for zone No. 2 - NDVI from 0.2 to 0.45 - the norm of the working solution is from 50 to 100%; - for zone No. 3 - NDVI> 0.45 - the norm of the working solution is from 100 to 125%; - based on four intra-field zones with adjustment of the working solution norm, according to the scheme: - for zone No. 1 - NDVI <0.2 - the norm of the working solution is from 0 to 50%; - for zone No. 2 - NDVI from 0.2 to 0.3 - the norm of the working solution from 50 to 75%; - for zone No. 3 - NDVI from 0.3 to 0.45 - the rate of working solution from 75 to 100%; - for zone No. 4 - NDVI> 0.45 - the norm of the working solution is from 100 to 125%, and then the entire field is processed according to the developed task map with the established norms of the working solution.

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