RU2716411C1 - Plant for production of organic fertilizer from wastes of poultry and livestock and cavitation disperser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to agriculture. Disperser comprises a hollow body with inlet and outlet holes and a rotor located inside it, connected to a rotation drive, wherein the rotor is made in the form of a disc with blades located on one of its surfaces and bent in one circular direction, shorter vanes are located on the periphery of the disc, and between the groups of short blades there are longer blades, between which in the disk arched holes are formed, at least in part of short blades of each group there are holes, which axes cross the large blade facing the said short blades with the convex side, and other short blades are not crossed, blades top surfaces are equidistant in relation to this conic surface, inner surface of the housing opposite to cone is made flat with radial projections, and holes in disc have sharp edges on side facing flat inner surface of housing. Plant for producing organic fertilizer contains a tank-mixer and a disperser.

EFFECT: invention increases efficiency of mixing different media regardless of composition and longer service life of plant.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for the production of liquid and semi-liquid fertilizers from waste poultry and livestock.

Known plants for producing fertilizers from waste from poultry and livestock by composting using enhanced aeration and mixing the compost mixture in special reactors or bioenzymes, as well as by using various absorbents mixed with an organic substrate, followed by drying and granulation. These technologies require energy-consuming influences, such as preliminary crushing, heating with hot steam and others.

A known line for disinfecting manure or litter and preparing granular organic fertilizers from solid fraction and clarification of the liquid fraction, containing a receiving tank with a stirrer, a cavitation generator-dispersant, an intermediate tank, a separator, a centrifuge, tanks for accumulating a disinfected and clarified liquid fraction, a mixer, a tank batchers for various components of organic fertilizers, a drying oven, a granulator, a storage and cooling tank (RU 2527851 C1, publ. 09/10/2014).

Closest to the proposed (prototype) is the DEVA-F installation manufactured by Amaltea-Service LLC (Moscow) based on rotary-pulse devices (RIA), designed to produce stable organic fertilizers from peat (peatogel), sapropel, biohumus and their mixture containing a container with a mixer, into which the feed liquid feed is supplied, a pump connected to it, the output of which is connected to the input of the RIA (dispersant), the output of the RIA is connected to the container with the mixer, and the pipeline for selecting the finished product is connected to the pipeline in connecting the pump outlet with RIA. RIA (prototype of the proposed dispersant) contains a rotor and a stator having radial holes (channels) for the passage of fluid. The fluid enters the rotor through the central channel located in the end part of the RIA and rushes to the holes inside the rotor due to centrifugal forces. Due to the constant rotation of the holes in the rotor and the stator periodically coincide ("open"), which allows the fluid to pass through the formed channels to the outer surface of the rotor. Due to the specially selected rotor speed, the shape of the channels in the rotor and stator, as well as the distance between the channels, there are conditions for the appearance of cavitation bubbles (“caverns”) that affect the passing liquid (“DEVA Technologies. RIA rotary-pulse apparatus. Switching schemes Typical RIA switching scheme. Https://dewa.tech/products/ria/#scheme, RIA device, modifications https://dewa.tech/products/ria/#description).

The disadvantage of the installation is that the installation uses an additional assembly unit (pump) which serves to create circulation of water and solid particles of peat, plant debris, etc. in RIA where the process of cavitation destruction of these particles and dispersion of the medium takes place, while since to solve the technological problem it is necessary to repeatedly pass the volume of the liquid composition through the RIA, when mixing the liquid in the mixer, the accumulation of plant fibers on the blades of the mixer, the accumulation of the plant particles at the pump intake, which leads to halt the entire production process for cleaning the stirrer, pump and pipeline field transitions and bends. For these reasons, the RIA device is relatively effective for mixing liquid-liquid and liquid-gas mixtures, and for environments in which it is necessary to destroy and mix solid plant or mineral particles, the use of RIA is inefficient.

In addition, the disadvantage of RIA is the need to select the rotor speed to ensure the formation of cavitation bubbles (caverns), as the authors rightly note. Moreover, the selection is made empirically, not by calculation, and depends on the structure of the mixed media,

In addition, periodically opening and correspondingly closing openings in the rotor and RIA stator form water hammer and resonant vibrations of the entire apparatus, which leads to its premature destruction.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the mixing efficiency of various media regardless of their composition, eliminating the need to use a special pump to circulate the medium and increasing the service life of the installation.

The technical problem is solved by a cavitation dispersant containing a hollow body with inlet and outlet openings and a rotor located inside it, connected to a rotation drive, the rotor is made in the form of a disk with blades located on one of its surfaces and curved in one circular direction, shorter blades are located along the periphery of the disk, and between the groups of short blades there are longer blades, between which arched holes are formed in the disk, at least in the part of the short blades of each g UPP holes are made, the axes of which intersect the long blade, the convex side facing these short blades, and do not intersect other short blades, the casing has a conical inner surface on the side of the blades, the upper faces of the blades are equidistant with respect to this conical surface, the inner surface of the casing is opposite conical, made flat with radial protrusions curved in one circular direction and having an inclined surface with the formation of a sharp edge from the concave side of the protrusion, holes in the disk have sharp edges on the side facing the flat inner surface of the housing, wherein the housing inlet is disposed tangentially and the outlet of the housing - along the rotor axis from the blades.

The technical problem is also solved by a plant for producing organic fertilizer containing a mixing tank and a dispersant connected to each other by pipelines with the formation of a circulation circuit, as well as a finished product discharge pipe, the dispersant being made as described above, and the pipe connected to the outlet the mixer, connected at the other end to the inlet of the dispersant.

An embodiment of the installation is possible when the pipeline for the outlet of the finished product is connected to the mixer tank in its lower part.

In another embodiment, the installation can be additionally equipped with a screw press connected to the mixer tank in its lower part, and the finished product outlet pipe is connected to the pipeline connecting the outlet of the mixer tank to the inlet of the dispersant.

The technical result achieved by the invention is as follows. In the proposed installation, the functions of the pump and RIA are performed by one unit - a cavitation dispersant, which performs the function of a pump for pumping (circulating) liquid and at the same time fulfills the functions of a cavitator and mechanical grinding of solid particles and fibers due to the fact that bubbles (caverns) are formed upon contact of liquid jets formed by holes in short blades, with long blades, and the destruction of solid particles and fibers is carried out in the contact zone of the disk and the casing.

In addition, due to the continuity of the jets formed by the holes in the short blades, resonant oscillations are not formed and the apparatus does not break.

In addition, there is no need to select the rotation frequency, and the dispersant-cavitator operates in the predicted mode.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed installation, a variant with a screw press.

In FIG. 2 - the same option without a screw press.

In FIG. 3 - the proposed installation, the version without a screw press, general view.

In FIG. 4 - the proposed dispersant, axial section.

In FIG. 5 - disperser rotor, axial section.

In FIG. 6 - disperser rotor, front view with a cutaway in the direction of arrow A.

In FIG. 7 - armor plate forming the wall of the hull, general view.

The plant for producing organic fertilizer from waste products of poultry and livestock (Fig. 1-3) contains a mixing tank 1 with a mixer 2, a cavitation dispersant 3 of solid and liquid reagents in an aqueous or high humidity environment, and the variant shown in FIG. 1 also contains a screw press 4 of the press cake. The mixer tank 1 and dispersant 3 are connected by pipelines 5 and 6 with the formation of a circulation circuit. In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 1, to the pipeline 5 connecting the tank-mixer 1 with the input of the dispersant 3, the pipe 7 of the outlet of the finished product is connected. The pipeline 6 connects the outlet of the dispersant 3 with the mixer tank 1. The screw press 4 is connected to the lower outlet pipe of the mixer tank 1 and is connected with its outputs to the pipe 8 of the outlet for the finished product and to the pipe 9 of the discharge of cake and solid sediments. The presence of a screw press 4 allows you to increase the yield of finished fertilizer.

It is also possible embodiment of the installation without a screw press 4 (Fig. 2, 3). In this case, the pipe 7 of the outlet of the finished product is connected to the tank-mixer 1 in its lower part.

Dispersant 3 (Fig. 4) includes a hollow body 10, inside of which is located a rotor 11 connected to a rotation drive 12. The rotor 11 (Fig. 5, 6) is made in the form of a disk 13 with blades 14, 15 located on one of its surfaces and curved in one circular direction. Shorter blades 14 are located on the periphery of the disk 13, and between groups of shorter blades 14 there are longer blades 15, between which arcuate holes 16 are formed in the disk 13.

In the short blades 14 of each group (in all or some of them) holes 17 are made (Fig. 6), the axes of which intersect the long blade 15 facing the short blades 14 with the convex side and other short blades 14 do not intersect. Holes 17 can be arranged on the short blade 14 in a row along its height, as shown in FIG. 4, or in 2-3 rows. In FIG. 6 shows that the holes 17 are made in short blades 14 located closer to the long blade 15 to which the axes of these holes 17 are directed, and the farthest short blade 14 is made without holes.

The wall of the casing 10 from the side of the blades 14, 15 (Fig. 4) has a conical inner surface, and the height of the blades 13 and 14 increases towards the center of the disk 13 so that the upper faces of the blades 13 and 14 are equidistant with respect to this conical surface. The opposite wall of the housing 10 is made of an armored plate 18 (Fig. 6). The inner surface of the armor plate 18 is made flat with radial protrusions 19, curved in one circular direction and having an inclined surface with the formation of a sharp edge on the concave side of the protrusion 19. In this case, the holes 16 in the disk 13 have sharp edges on the side facing the armor plate 18. Between the disk 13 and the armor plate 18 there is a gap.

The inlet pipe 20 of the housing 10 connected to the mixer tank 1 in its upper part is located tangentially, and the outlet pipe 21 of the housing 10 connected to the mixer tank 1 in its lower part is located along the axis of the rotor 11 from the side of the blades 14, 15.

The principle of operation of the installation is based on the destruction of the solid components of the waste products of poultry and livestock in the chamber of the housing 10 of the dispersant 3, forming water hammer, leading to the destruction of solid particles, increasing the temperature of the medium and obtaining a homogeneous suspension. Due to the circulation, the solution is saturated with oxygen, and an increase in temperature leads to an acceleration of chemical and biological reactions.

The additional use of a decanter (centrifuge) (not shown in the drawings) in the scheme allows almost completely converting organic fertilizers to solution, and use the resulting cake for the second time (for example, for laying the birds or cattle).

Installation works as follows.

A mixture of raw materials — poultry and livestock waste (dry or wet) —are loaded into a mixer tank. The working fluid (water) is supplied. The installation is launched into the workflow. The waste is mixed with water in the mixer tank 1, and the resulting suspension through a pipe 5 enters the chamber of the disperser housing 10. The liquid passes through the holes 17 in the short blades 14 of the rotating rotor 11, coming out of the holes 17 of the liquid stream, due to the impact on the long blades 15 create microbubbles of gas. When the rotor 11 rotates, the main fluid flow moves along the surface of the blades 14, 15, and the part of the fluid moving along the short blades 14 into the holes 17, due to their small diameter, strikes at a high speed into the flow moving along the surface of the longer blades 15, and forms micro bubbles (caverns) in the fluid flow. The appearance of bubbles (caverns) is justified by a different motion vector of the formed fluid flows and turbulence in the mixing zone. The number and size of caverns is determined by the speed of flows and the angle of the vectors, but the formation of bubbles does not depend on the speed of rotation of the engine, i.e. the process can be controlled by equipping the apparatus with a frequency drive. This is the difference from the mechanism of bubble formation in the prototype. In the prototype, caverns (microbubbles) are formed only due to cavitation (water hammer) caused by opening and closing holes in the stator and rotor, which leads to rapid wear of the dispersant. In the proposed method, the formation of caverns (microbubbles) does not occur inside the stream due to cavitation, but because of countercurrent jets of liquid formed by holes 17 in the long blades 15 of the rotor 11, which increases the durability of the apparatus.

Further, the flow passes through the holes 16 in the disk 13 into the gap between the rotor 11 and the armor plate 18. The sharp edges of the protrusions 19 on the armor plate and the sharp edges of the holes 16 cut the plant fibers, which are squeezed out by the reactive fluid flow into the gap. The liquid carries the cut particles by the blades 14, 15 of the rotor 11 through the outlet pipe 21 into the pipe 6, through which it returns the processed waste to the mixer tank 1 and then through the pipe 5 to the dispersant 3. The process continues until the fiber breaks down and a suspension forms, which the quality of the finished fertilizer is discharged through the pipeline 7.

In the lower part of the mixer tank 1, a thick mass accumulates, which is squeezed with the help of a screw press 4. A liquid ready fertilizer is discharged through the pipe 8, and cake and solid sediments are discharged through the pipe 9.

The installation provides multiple circulation, uniform fine grinding to a suspension state (1-500 microns) of organic and mineral materials with low mechanical strength by the formation of hydraulic shocks in the working fluid (water), which provide intensive grinding and mixing of the starting materials.

In the prototype, the destruction of solid particles of organic size occurs due to the collapse of bubbles (caverns), i.e. in a physical way, and while the fibers of plant origin are not destroyed, but accumulate.

In the proposed solution, the destruction of solid particles and plant fibers occurs both due to the collapse of the bubbles (physical method), and due to holes in the body of the impeller (mechanical method).

The grinding process is accompanied by heating the mass to + 60 ° C and its saturation with oxygen, which is released under the influence of radicals formed as a result of the interaction of air with the bubble mass. In this case, pathogenic microflora, helminth eggs, larvae of harmful insects are destroyed; weed seeds are destroyed; the maximum content of useful substances of the starting materials is maintained; the resulting product does not have a pronounced smell of droppings, is easy to dose, stable in composition; the maximum content of useful substances of the starting materials is maintained.

During the operation of the installation, it is possible to make any water-soluble additives, including mineral fertilizers, nitrogen-containing mineral compounds, etc., that is, to combine organic and mineral fertilizers.

The proposed installation has the following advantages:

- simplification of the installation and reduction of its cost due to the refusal of an additional pump for circulation of the liquid;

- increase in MTBF due to the formation of caverns inside the hydraulic flows;

- increasing the productivity of the apparatus and reducing the energy consumed by 1 ton of processed raw materials due to the crushing of plant fibers and solid particles by mechanical and physical methods simultaneously and in the same apparatus;

- increasing the applicability zone of the installation due to the possibility of creating homogeneous structures based on various liquids with the inclusion of finely divided solid particles at the level of nanoscale values.

Claims (4)

1. Dispersant containing a hollow body with inlet and outlet openings and a rotor located inside it, connected to a rotation drive, characterized in that the rotor is made in the form of a disk with blades located on one of its surfaces and curved in one circular direction, shorter blades located on the periphery of the disk, and between the groups of short blades there are longer blades, between which arc-shaped holes are formed in the disk, holes are made in at least part of the short blades of each group I, whose axes cross the large blade, the convex side to these short blades, and do not intersect other short blades, the casing has a conical inner surface on the side of the blades, the upper faces of the blades are equidistant with respect to this conical surface, the inner surface of the casing is opposite to the conical, made flat with radial protrusions curved in one circular direction and having an inclined surface to form a sharp edge on the concave side of the protrusion, and the holes in the disk have Striy edge on the side facing the flat inner surface of the housing, wherein the housing inlet is disposed tangentially and the outlet of the housing - along the rotor axis from the blades. 2. Installation for producing organic fertilizer, containing a mixer tank and dispersant connected to each other by pipelines with the formation of a circulation circuit, as well as a pipe for withdrawing the finished product, characterized in that the dispersant is made according to claim 1, and the pipeline connected to the outlet of the tank mixer, connected at the other end to the input of the dispersant. 3. Installation according to p. 2, characterized in that the pipeline for withdrawing the finished product is connected to the mixer tank in its lower part. 4. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a screw press connected to the mixer tank in its lower part, and the finished product outlet pipe is connected to a pipe connecting the outlet of the mixer tank to the inlet of the dispersant.

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