RU2712897C1 - Drilling and probing parameters measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and is intended for use in engineering-geological survey in order to determine mechanical properties of soil in field conditions. Device for measuring parameters of drilling and probing includes vehicle, on platform of which there is mast with rotator, hydraulic system providing operation of drilling-crane equipment, a hollow auger column, a bit, a drilling parameters measuring device, comprising a torque sensor, a force sensor, a rotation speed sensor, and a static probing device having a drag sensor, friction force sensor, pore pressure sensor, temperature sensor, vibration sensor. Device for measuring parameters of drilling and probing is made in the form of a steel cylinder with ribs, one end of which is connected to a hollow screw column, the other end is connected to a bit and a probe for static probing.EFFECT: broader functional capabilities of the device and high measurement accuracy.6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction and is intended for use in engineering geological surveys in order to determine the mechanical properties of soils in the field.

State of the art

An analogue of this proposed invention is a DEVICE FOR STATIC PROBING OF MOVABLE SOILS MOVABLE BY DENSITY (patent RU No. 2378452, application 2008123776/03 of 06/18/2008, IPC E02D 1/02, published January 10, 2010 [1]), consisting of a hollow screw columns and a blade screw bit, comprising a housing with blades and a pilot cutter, characterized in that one of the blades of the screw bit is made larger than the other, and is rigidly connected to the body of the screw bit and the flange, and the smaller blade is articulated it is connected with the screw bit body to ensure its deviation from the axis and is made integral with the pilot cutter, the upper end of which is a valve and enters the internal cavity of the screw bit body, overlapping it, while the upper end of the larger blade rigidly fixed to the screw bit body is located higher the ends of the blades are smaller.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to continuously measure the parameters of static soundings, since the probe is advanced into the ground through the internal cavity of the screw bit body only after cessation of the penetration of the well by the screw string. In addition, the time taken to lower the probe into the well and raise it back reduces the test performance.

Another analogue of the claimed technical solution is a PROBE FOR STATIC SENSING OF WATER-SATURATED SOILS (patent SU No. 1742415, application 4838433/33 dated 12.06.90, IPC E02D, 1/00 published on 23.06.92 [2]), including a housing, a hollow conical tip with a filter , drag sensor, pore pressure sensor of membrane type, hydraulically connected to the working chamber with a cone tip filter, a compensation filter, an expander, while the compensation filter is located on the upper end of the expander, and the compensation chamber is located on broken surface of the membrane and is hydraulically connected to the compensation filter.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to measure drilling parameters in the form of torque and speed. In addition, the probe for static sounding is almost impossible to use to study the properties of pebble, coarse, rocky and frozen soils without a well.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed technical solution is a DEVICE FOR MEASURING DRILLING PARAMETERS (patent RU No. 2626865, application No. 2015154948 dated December 21, 2015, published July 2, 2017 [3]), containing a vehicle on the platform of which a mast with a rotator is located, a hydraulic system for the operation of crane equipment, and a device for measuring drilling parameters, one end of which is connected to the shaft of the vehicle’s rotator, the other to the shank of the drill string, characterized in that w enhanced functionality and improve the accuracy of measurement device for measuring drilling parameters is provided with a bidirectional force sensor, a sensor for measuring the rotational and the sensor for measuring the angle of inclination of the drill string speed, the immersion depth dimension of the drill string and the linear velocity is performed potentiometrically rangefinder.

The main disadvantage of this device is the inability to measure static sensing parameters. In addition, a device for measuring drilling parameters is located in the upper part of the column of screws above the soil surface. Therefore, the measured torque, force and speed of rotation are affected by the bending of the screw string, the friction force between the surface of the screw flanges and the ground, the friction force between the moving soil and the borehole walls, and other factors.

The essence of the technical solution

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of the device and improve the accuracy of measurements.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the installation for drilling wells, which contains a vehicle, on the platform of which a mast with a rotator is located, a hydraulic system that ensures the operation of crane equipment, a column of hollow augers and a drill bit, a device for measuring drilling and sounding functionally combines the possibilities drilling sounding devices [4] and static sounding devices [5, 6] into a single device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters, which is made in the form of steel o a cylinder with flanges, containing a shank on one side and a drill bit and a probe for static sounding on the other.

The drilling parameters are torque, rotation speed, axial load, immersion depth, time during stabilization of the heating process and thawing of frozen soil.

The parameters of static sensing are the frontal resistance of the soil under the cone of the probe, the friction forces on the side surface of the probe, the angle of inclination, pore pressure, the velocity of transverse and longitudinal waves, the temperature of the soil, and the depth of immersion.

The main disadvantage of the probe for static sounding is the small depth of sounding due to the large magnitude of the friction forces along the entire lateral surface of the immersed probe and rods, which is partially eliminated by introducing an expander over the probe [5]. However, it is not possible to completely eliminate friction on the rods, which leads to a large measurement error. In addition, it is practically impossible to immerse the probe to a great depth in sandy, coarse, frozen soils and rocky soils. These disadvantages are eliminated if the well is drilled, and the sounding of the soil is performed below the bottom of the well as it is drilled. In this case, in addition to sensing parameters, drilling parameters can be measured simultaneously, which significantly expands the possibilities of studying the properties of various soils. When studying the properties of rocky soils, the probe can be removed from the device and probing performed with measurement of drilling parameters.

The probe is located below the drill bit and is connected by a threaded sleeve with a thrust bearing above the drill bit. The forward movement of the probe creates a screw when it is immersed, thereby pushing the static probe into the ground. The bearing in this case plays the role of isolation, removes rotation from the probe and transfers the axial load. The friction of the probe against the ground is much higher than the friction in the bearing so the probe will not rotate around its axis. The inclusion in the design of the device probe allows you to measure the parameters of static sensing, which extends the functionality of the device.

The probe design is provided removable, for which there is a thread in the upper part of the probe for connection with a threaded sleeve in a thrust bearing. Such a connection allows you to remove the probe when drilling wells in rocky soils and perform operations to prepare the probe for operation (calibration, water saturation of filters, etc.).

The signals from the probe sensors are transmitted wirelessly to the electronics for measuring the drilling parameters, and then, together with the signals from the sensors of the device for measuring drilling parameters, they are transmitted digitally wirelessly to the soil surface through the internal cavity of the auger string. The introduction of wireless communication in the probe allows the transmission of signals during rotation of the screw columns relative to the probe, which is not possible with wired communication.

The weight of the screw column and the weight of the soil on its flanges are measured by a force sensor located in the upper part of the hollow screw column. Having determined the weight of the hollow auger string and the weight of the soil on its flanges, one can find the pressure in the bottom hole as the ratio of the total weight to the cross-sectional area of the drill bit. This allows you to find the modulus of soil deformation from the dependence of the sediment of the column of screws - the pressure on the soil by the stamp test method [7].

The introduction of an annular heating element above the drill bit and probe into the device allows measuring the draft of the screw column during heating and thawing of frozen soil, which extends the functionality of the device in the case of testing frozen soils with a hot stamp [7].

List of figures, drawings and other materials

In FIG. 1 shows a setup for measuring drilling and sounding parameters.

In FIG. 2 shows a device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters.

In FIG. 3 shows a profile of drilling parameters: 1 - torque; 2 - axial load; 3 - rotation speed; 4 - linear speed

In FIG. 4 shows the profile of one of the sensing parameters: 1, 2, 3, 4 — drag values when sensing at a distance of no more than 2 m from each other.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows an example of interpretation of drilling and sounding parameters in determining engineering geological elements (IGE). Here, curve 1 is mechanical power (A), curve 2 is specific energy (E) [4]; q - drag, MPa; f _s - friction forces, kPa.

An example of the implementation of a technical solution

In FIG. 1 installation for measuring drilling and sounding parameters comprises a vehicle 1, a mast 2, a rotator 3, a hollow column of screws 4, a device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters 5, a range finder 6, a force sensor 7, a computer 8.

In FIG. 2 shows a device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters, which comprises a device for measuring drilling parameters and a device for measuring sounding parameters.

The drilling parameter measuring device comprises a cylindrical body 9, flanges 10, a shank 11, an electronics unit 12 including a power source and sensors of torque, rotation speed, axial load (not shown conventionally in Fig. 2), pillow block bearing 12, threaded sleeve 13, a drill bit 14, an annular heating element 15. The signals from the sensors are amplified, converted to digital form and wirelessly transmitted to the soil surface to the computer through the cavity of the screw column.

The sensing parameter measuring device comprises a housing 16, an electronics unit 17 including a power supply unit and soil drag sensors under the probe cone, a friction force sensor on the side surface of the probe, an angle sensor, a pore pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, and a temperature sensor (Fig. 2, conditionally not shown). The signals from the probe sensors are transmitted wirelessly to the electronics of the drilling parameter measuring device 12, and then, together with the signals of the drilling sensors, are transmitted to the soil surface wirelessly via a computer.

A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters (hereinafter referred to as the "device") works as follows.

At the bottom of the device, a drill bit 14 is attached and the probe for static sensing 16 is screwed into the sleeve of the thrust bearing 12. The device is connected by a shank 11 to the force sensor 7 and the rotator 3 of the drilling machine, the range finder 6 is attached to the mast 2 and the range finder cable is fixed to the rotator case 3, power sources are turned on and signals from the sensors begin to flow digitally wirelessly to computer 8.

Next, the drilling master drives the rotator and the process of drilling the well begins. Torque and axial force from the rig are simultaneously transmitted to the shank of device 11. Torque, axial load, rotational speed, are measured by sensors built into the device’s body 9. Axial displacement is measured by a range finder 6.

The frontal resistance of the soil under the cone of the probe, the friction forces on the side surface of the probe, the angle of inclination, pore pressure, the velocity of transverse and longitudinal waves, the temperature of the soil are measured by sensors built into the probe body 16.

Soil tests using the device are carried out as follows.

1. At the point of study of the properties of the soil, a vehicle is installed 1, the mast 2 is raised, on which the rotator 3 is located, the upper shank of the device 11 is connected to the force sensor 7 and the rotator of the drilling rig 3. The range finder 6 is mounted on the mast of the drilling rig, and its cable connects to rotator case 3. Then, computer 8, autonomous power sources of the range finder and devices for measuring drilling and sounding parameters are turned on, after which the well drilling process begins. The signals from the sensors of the device and the rangefinder arrive at the computer and are displayed in physical quantities on its screen.

2. When the device is completely immersed, the next standard hollow auger will join it, and the upper shank of the auger 11 is connected to the force sensor 7 and the rotator 3. After that, the drilling process continues.

3. During the drilling process, the drilling and sounding parameters are entered into the computer database: torque, axial load, immersion depth, time during stabilization of the heating and thawing process of frozen soil, rotation speed of the drill string and its tilt angle, ground drag under the cone probe, ground friction forces along the lateral surface of the probe, probe cone temperature, shear and longitudinal wave velocity, pore pressure.

4. In the case of testing frozen soil using an annular heating element, the soil is heated and the heating power and the heating temperature of frozen soil are measured [7].

5. Using the measurement data, build profiles of the measured drilling parameters (Fig. 3), sensing (Fig. 4) and determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils. In FIG. 5 shows an example of determining the soil deformation modulus using sounding data and correlation equations SP 47.13330 [8], Appendix I.

Industrial applicability

A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters is industrially feasible, has wider functionality and increased measurement accuracy.

List of references

1. Patent for invention RU No. 2378452, application 2008123776/03 of 06/18/2008, IPC E02D 1/02, published on 01/10/2010. Device for conducting static sensing of alternating soils in density.

2. Patent for invention SU No. 1742415, application 4838433/33 dated 12.06.90, IPC E02D 1/00, published on 23.06.92. Probe for static sensing of water-saturated soils.

3. Patent for invention RU No. 2626865, application No. 2015154948 dated 12/21/2015, published on July 2, 2017. Device for measuring drilling parameters.

4. Boldyrev G.G., Kalbergenov R.G., Kushnir L.G., Novichkov G.A. Drilling sounding of soils. Engineering Surveys, 2012, No. 12. S. 38-45.

5. Ryzhkov I.B., Isaev O.N. Static sounding. DIA, 2010 .-- 496 p.

6. GOST 19912-2012. Soils. Field test methods by static and dynamic sounding. M., Standartinform, 2012.

7. GOST 20276-2012. Soils. Field methods for characterizing strength and deformability. M., Standartinform, 2013.

8. SP 47.13330.2012. Engineering surveys for construction. General Provisions Updated edition of SNiP 11-02-96. M., 2012.

Claims (6)

1. A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters, comprising a vehicle, on the platform of which a mast with a rotator is placed, a hydraulic system for operating the crane equipment, a hollow screw column, a chisel, a device for measuring drilling parameters containing a torque sensor, a force sensor , a rotation speed sensor, and a static sensing device comprising a drag sensor, a friction force sensor, a pore pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, ayuscheesya in that in order to expand the functionality and improve the accuracy of the measurement device for measuring drilling parameters and sensing is in the form of a steel cylinder with flanges, one end of which is connected with a hollow auger column, the other with a chisel and a probe for sensing static. 2. A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a thrust bearing with a hollow sleeve and an internal thread for connection with the probe. 3. A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that the probe has a threaded connection at one of its ends. 4. A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals from the probe sensors are transmitted wirelessly to the device for measuring drilling parameters, and then to the soil surface to the computer through the cavity of the screw column. 5. A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a force sensor for measuring the weight of the screw column and soil on its flanges. 6. A device for measuring drilling and sounding parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an annular heating element.

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