RU2712884C1 - Method for intensive reproduction of wild and domesticated hunting animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science, namely to a method for intensive reproduction of Siberian roe deer. Females yearlings taken in the enclosure and taken to the fodder at an independent age of 5 months are caught, tagged, antiparasitic agents and vitamins are introduced. Enclosure is released in October-November in a quarantine zone for integrated intensified feeding, adaptation and formation of animal homeostasis. At the stage of natural ovulation and estrus that arrived in early November-December, male roaches of elite producers prepared for mating males with intramuscularly introduced Surfagon preparation, which increases potency and spermatogenesis, are released to them. Process of pairing is carried out proceeding from quantitative ratio of one male producer to six female yearlings.

EFFECT: invention provides increase in number of offspring, does not require construction of crèches, eliminates domestication of young roe and the emergence of negative consequences when releasing roe, does not require hormonal stimulation of ovulation and hunting for youngsters of females, stresses are eliminated.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology, and, in particular, to methods of intensively increasing the number of wild animals, mainly Siberian roe deer, located in an isolated limited area in semi-free living conditions, for example, in enclosed enclosures or animal nurseries.

A known method of artificial insemination of sheep at a fixed time (RF patent for the invention No. 2162670. A method of frontal artificial insemination of sheep at a fixed time. MCP A61D 19/02 priority 10.02.2001, This method (in animal husbandry is often called synchronization), consists of two a single dose inside a muscle injection of sheep with estrofan in a single dose of 1.0 ml with an interval of 8-9 days. Artificial insemination of sheep is carried out 48 and 72 hours after the second administration of estrofan. lead the advance received the sperm of the male.

Disadvantages. This method is applicable for pets. However, for wild animals (in particular, Siberian roe deer), due to the extreme conditions of capture of males to obtain sperm, accompanied by stress, and sometimes death of the animal, it is difficult to use this method. The stresses experienced in capturing roe deer female for artificial insemination reduce the likelihood of successful fertilization, which is also complicated by the determination of individual estrus periods and the readiness of juveniles for mating.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2557779, priority 16.06.2014, MCP A61D 19/02, Method for improving the reproduction of animals. The method relates to increasing the reproduction of roe deer in aviaries and includes the selection from calving (lambing) of one individual roe deer from one to two yearlings of a female individual at 3-5 days of age with their isolation in separate nurseries on the territory of the aviary (isolated covered premises with access to the cards ), subsequent artificial feeding and upon reaching puberty, the introduction of drugs intramuscularly stimulating ovulation and sexual hunting. Then, elite male producers are caught in the aviary, they are injected intramuscularly with potency and spermatogenesis-enhancing drugs and placed in a separate isolated area (for example, a quarantine zone) that is geographically restricted for visual observation and contains one male producer for 5– 7 females.

Disadvantages: 1. Difficulty in determining the birth places of numerous roe deer in a large territory of the enclosure and the exact time of calving for timely catching of under-year shrubs hiding in tall grass and thickets.

2. The fright of the roe deer, the mother who visually observed the capture of her screaming cubs, poses a risk of her refusing to feed the male undergrowth remaining in the maternity ward. When branding (tagging), to account for all offspring, manipulations leave odors on the offspring.

3. Partial waste (death) of roe deer during artificial feeding.

4. The danger of hormonal failure during the initial intramuscular administration to female underyearlings with a newly formed reproductive system of stimulating and accelerating ovulation and sexual hunting hormonal preparations that can affect the still vulnerable hormonal status of roe roe under their own homeostasis.

5. Artificial feeding of juveniles from birth leads to partial domestication of roe deer, makes them tame, which can be a negative fact further when they are released into oppressed hunting farms to restore roe deer numbers in them. As a result of their release into the wild, hand-held roe deer more often become victims of predators, stray dogs, poachers and fall under transport. Here, a special selection of sites characteristic of non-urban areas is needed.

6. Formation of the broodstock in one enclosure, despite the selective selection of multiple females and elite male producers, sooner or later will lead to genetic deterioration of the offspring, which will affect animal shredding, the emergence of ugliness and deviation from standards, reduction of condition and resistance to disease.

The objective of the invention is the intensive reproduction of roe deer due to natural (and in the future, when developing the technology for obtaining seed and artificial insemination of female yearlings) fertilization without the use of hormonal preparations during natural mating with elite males producers of new genetic lines. This implies that an elite uterine herd of a clean line with desired properties (resistance to diseases, multiple, with good weight and exterior) in roe deer with cross-fertilization is obtained by closely related crosses of selected best specimens for several generations, and is subsequently maintained by breeding work (including prospective genomic DNA selection). And the carriers of genetic progress in our invention are elite males and their semen, coming from other regions of Russia and the CIS, which update the blood of the offspring received from the selected broodstock. This approach will ensure the strengthening of the elite population in the direction of increasing record levels in key parameters.

The problem is solved in that in the method of intensive reproduction of wild ungulates (for example, Siberian roe deer), timely hormonal maturation with the formation of their own homeostasis in roe deer is provided by the conditions of enclosure in a fenced area of a multifunctional enclosure. (Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2645343 dated October 24, 2016 "A hunting enclosure and a method for keeping wild animals with natural feed".). This eliminates the stresses that occur in the natural habitat of wild ungulates in the presence of predators, diseases, unfamiliar territories during migrations in search of food resources, especially during the formation of deep snow cover and melted during periods of thaws and rains with subsequent frosts. High-energy feeding (root crops, succulent feed, grain fodder, mineral-salt supplements and vitamins), year-round clean drinking, cold summers and warm water in the winter contribute to the normal formation of the roe’s neuro-endocrine system. (Patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 174408 of January 23, 2017, "Autonomous all-weather device for watering animals."). Such events, as experience shows, promptly form the reproductive reproductive apparatus of roe deer of yearlings by the age of six months with an error of plus or minus 10-15 days with the arrival of planned ovulation and sexual hunting (estrus). Under conditions of semi-voluntary detention in an isolated environment, it is not required to administer follicle-stimulating hormones and prostagladins inside the muscle according to the specified scheme used in the prototype, which will exclude failures of the neuro-hormonal state of wild ungulate yearlings.

The method is as follows.

A month before the planned maturation of the year-olds of Siberian roe deer of a female individual (October - early November, with the onset of leaf fall, but even before the formation of snow cover, mass sorting of the entire number of roe deer is carried out according to the following scheme (algorithm):

1. First, an elite herd of a given number is formed from selectively selected, previously labeled individuals from the ratio of one male producer to 6 pregnant (in the latent phase stage) females, they are separated with placement in a separate zone of a multifunctional aviary for wintering.

2. Then, the planned estimated part of the female yearlings is separated for further fertilization by the males of the producers of other genetic lines acquired in other regions of Russia. These yearlings of the female are placed in the quarantine zone for enhanced integrated feeding and adaptation in a limited territory of the enclosure. Calculation of the numbers left for the fertilization of Siberian roe deer yearlings is carried out taking into account the rate of grazing of natural feed and the vegetation of grass and twig shoots, including sowing crops, the total feed mass of which should be sufficient for the natural provision of energy nutrition for the whole herd, without disturbing the ecology of the biotope, plant oppression and land erosion by trampling fields in the summer.

3. A group of males and females of Siberian roe deer of different ages are selected for sale alive by orders of third parties under supply contracts and placed in a pen.

4. Part of the trophy specimens of different ages and sex are placed in the hunting zone on top-feeding areas from observation towers.

5. The remaining part of the herd, intended for slaughter, is placed in a separate area for enhanced feeding.

For catching animals and sorting the herd, special devices and devices, trapping nets and corral live traps are used. The completion of leaf fall ensures the visibility of the forest and thickets and eliminates the concealment of animals, while the presence of snow makes it difficult to carry out trauma-hazardous operations, and the adaptation time for captured yearlings in the new zonal territory of the enclosure is reduced. In order to reduce stress, injections of sedatives are used, at the same time, animal examinations, intramuscular administration of antiparasitic agents and vitamins, chipping and tagging of roe deer are carried out with the rejection of animals for slaughter.

6. In early November and December, by prior arrangement and supply contracts in other regions of Russia and the CIS countries, in the presence of our veterinarian and hunting biologist specialists, elite males are selected and captured (this is done in deep snow using the method of catching Siberian males that have not yet dropped their horns) roe deer on a flat fodder field). When catching up, a net or a noose is put on the selected animal, immobilized internally by muscle injection, chipped or tagged and vitamins and drugs are administered intramuscularly to activate sexual activity, increase testosterone in the blood and spermatogenesis, for example, for example, gonadotropin releasing hormone (Surfagon drug) at the rate of 10 mcg of active substance per animal. After that, roe deer producers are placed in a closed car van, prepared for transportation of wild animals to a new place of detention.

7. Delivered producers of Siberian roe deer are released into the quarantine zone with the female roe deer yearlings contained in it, ready for mating at the rate of one producer for six roe deer. The mating process is recorded on a video camera for statistics on fixing cages and coitus, the percentage of insemination coverage in the first and subsequent weeks of joint roe deer maintenance. With 90% percent insemination at the end of December, all roe deer are released into the enclosure area for association with a common herd.

Thus, the method has in comparison with the prototype the following advantages:

- the number of offspring is increasing due to natural feeding, elimination of cases of refusal to feed mothers of underyearlings;

- no construction of a manger is required; domestication (taming) of young roe deer and the occurrence of negative consequences when releasing roe deer are excluded;

- hormonal stimulation of ovulation and hunting is not required for female underyearlings and due to this, their own homeostasis of young roe deer is not disturbed, the rejection of operations to capture underyearlings for intramuscular injection of hormones eliminates stresses, which leads to favorable fertilization;

- the annual use for insemination of underyearlings by males (in the future their seed) of other genetic lines from elite producers supplied from other regions improves the characteristics of the herd, including in productive terms, thereby ensuring genetic progress in breeding Siberian roe deer;

- the listed new signs of system integration provide a synergistic effect, providing intensive reproduction of Siberian roe deer.

This method is not limited to using the method on the example of Siberian roe deer, but can be extended to other, similar species and families of wild ungulate animals with suitable signs of precocity, multiple fertility, etc. (European fallow deer, American pronghorn and others). The method is not limited to the natural mating of Siberian roe deer, but promising artificial insemination is also provided. Such fertilization is carried out by early collection of sperm from elite producers in other regions during the main rut season, followed by insemination of roe deer and adult roe deer, which for some reason did not mate during the main rut season, that came into the hunt for external signs. Artificial insemination occurs in deep snow by driving individual animals into trapping nets or catching up with a noose-net with a temporary immobilization with sedatives and the subsequent introduction of sperm into the genitals of roe deer.

Thus, the combination of essential features provides the method with an inventive step.

Claims (1)

A method of intensive reproduction of Siberian roe deer, characterized in that the female yearlings contained in the aviary and switched to pasture at an independent age of 5 months are caught, tagged, antiparasitic agents and vitamins are introduced into them and released into the quarantine zone of the aviary in October-November Enhanced nutrition, adaptation and formation of animal homeostasis, at the stage of natural ovulation and oestrus that came in early November-December, they produce males prepared for mating ul elite producers with Intramuscular Surfagonom drug that enhances the potency and spermatogenesis, while the pairing process is carried out based on the quantitative ratio of one male manufacturer six female juveniles.