RU2712111C1 - Universal modular iot-controller for system of global monitoring and control of power consumption - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: data processing.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to digital data processing using devices intended for use in global monitoring and energy resources control systems based on IoT technology. Universal modular IoT-controller for global monitoring and power consumption control system has built-in common input/output module 1, which is simultaneously a motherboard, system module 2 fixed on the motherboard and a connector designed to be installed on the communication board cross-board 3. Input-output module 1 and system module 2 are electrically connected to each other through a motherboard. Input/output module 1 is configured to measure parameters associated with power consumption and control power consumption objects. System module 2 comprises central processor 15. Communication module 3 is designed to establish radio communication of a controller with an IoT center.EFFECT: extending the range of controllers by creating a universal modular IoT controller characterized by the ability to control energy data, controlling consumption of power resources both in autonomous mode and within the center of global control of power resources consumption based on IoT-control technology.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the processing of digital data using electrical devices, which are a combination of storage devices, input-output devices, central processor devices, information transfer devices or other signals between these devices, and intended for use in global monitoring and energy management based on IoT -technology.

Further in the present description and the formula based on the description, the following terms are used:

“IoT” - Internet of Things,

“I-thing” is an Internet thing,

“Energy data” - numerical values characterizing quantitative and qualitative indicators of consumption, generation, transportation and storage of various types of energy resources,

“IoT management” - management through the Internet of things technologies;

(see, for example: Roslyakov A.V. Internet of things: study guide / A.V. Roslyakov, S.V. Vanyashin, A.Yu. Grebeshkov. - Samara: PSUTI, 2015. - 200 p., which was published at http://eclib.psuti.ru).

State of the art

A known controller containing a splashproof housing with a cross-board, which is a uniting node, through which electrical switching of the signal and power circuits in the controller and the connection of external circuits from the connectors is provided, a secondary power source module that generates secondary voltages necessary to power the modules installed in the controller , a system module containing the computing core of the system and the necessary devices to perform the basic functions of the product are optional e modules operating under the control of the system module, including a unified signal module containing a digital serial interface for communicating with the system module, a telemetry and tele-signaling module containing a digital parallel interface for communicating with the system module, a GSM modem module containing a digital serial interface for communicating with a system module, the controller is equipped with a set of up to 4 additional modules with module functions optimally selected for all types of cathodic protection stations within a limited number, as well as digital interfaces built into the main module, necessary for all versions of cathodic protection stations and an Ethernet interface (Patent RU No. 64403, IPC G06F 17/00, published June 27, 2007 Bull. No. 18).

Signs of a well-known technical solution, which are common with the claimed one, are the presence of a housing, a cross-board, signal and supply circuits, a secondary power source, a system module with an Ethernet interface, and a GSM modem module.

The reason that prevents obtaining the required technical result in a known technical solution is that the controller has limited functional capabilities, which makes it impossible to use it in global monitoring and energy management systems based on IoT technology.

The closest analogue (prototype) is a telemechanics controller containing a system module integrated in a common housing, a power module, input-output modules, a communication module operating under the control of the system module and combined by means of a cross-board that provides electrical switching of the signal and power circuits, and also connecting external circuits from the first group of connectors, while the controller also additionally contains external input-output modules connected to the system module digitally in series interface through the second and third group of connectors, and connected to sensors and actuators through the fourth group of connectors. (Patent RU No. 110198 U1, IPC G06F 13/00, published November 10, 2011 Bull. No. 31).

Signs of a well-known technical solution, which are common with the claimed one, are that it contains a system module integrated in a common housing, input / output modules, a communication module operating under the control of the system module and combined by means of a cross-board that provides electrical switching of signal and power circuits, as well as connecting external circuits.

The reason that prevents obtaining the required technical result in a known technical solution is that the controller has a complex structure and limited functionality, which makes it impossible to use it in global monitoring and energy management systems based on IoT technology.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the need to expand the arsenal of controllers by creating a universal modular IoT controller for global monitoring and energy management systems based on IoT technology.

Disclosure of the invention

The technical result consists in the implementation of the indicated purpose: expanding the arsenal of controllers by creating a universal modular IoT controller, characterized by the ability to control energy data, manage energy consumption both offline, and mainly within the framework of the global energy consumption management center based on IoT management technology . Moreover, the claimed controller relative to the prototype is characterized by a simpler modular design due to, firstly, the I / O module performing the functions of the controller cross-board, due to, secondly, the absence of a separate power supply module in the controller design due to the location of the power supply circuit elements as directly on the cross-circuit board, and on the system module circuit board, so that the transformer of this circuit is connected by its input to the input mains of the first measuring channel of the controller. As for the controller’s universality, on the one hand, it is provided by the already mentioned possibility of the controller working autonomously and in the global IoT control system, and on the other hand, by the possibility of using different channels of the controller’s interaction with the IoT control center (primarily Ethernet, but also based on customer capabilities and customer choice: Wi-Fi, GSM / GPRS or LORA).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the universal modular IoT controller for the global monitoring and energy management system contains a system module and an input-output module integrated in a common housing and electrically interconnected that are controlled by a system module, while the input-output module is designed with the ability to measure energy data and manage energy consumption objects, and is a cross-board combining a system module equipped with an Ethernet connector and a LAN adapter for communication a controller with an IoT center, the aforementioned input-output module and a connector for installing a communication module designed to establish, under the control of the system module, an alternative radio channel of the controller with the IoT center using a Wi-Fi, GSM / GPRS or LORA radio modem, while the module the input / output contains measuring channels for measuring energy consumption parameters of energy consumption objects connected to these channels, and each measuring channel includes a matching unit connected to a measuring microcircuit, which the galvanic isolation unit is connected to the information inputs and outputs of the central processor, which is part of the system module, solid-state relays for turning on and off external devices according to the instructions of the central processor, to which these relays are connected via an I / O expander, discrete inputs connected to information inputs - the outputs of the central processor through an I / O expander, for monitoring the status of external devices by measuring discrete input signals, as well as an electronic circuit The power supply of the controller, consisting of a series-connected transformer, a rectifier and a voltage stabilizer connected to the power input of the input-output expander, while the transformer of this circuit is connected to one of the inputs of the matching unit of the first measuring channel.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the controller contains a communication module installed on the cross-circuit board in a connector for it on the circuit board, while the communication module contains connectors for installing Wi-Fi, GSM / GPRS and LORA radio modems, as well as a radio modem identification unit by means of which only one radio modem connected to the system module is installed on the communication board in the connector intended for it on this board.

New features of the claimed technical solution are in the implementation of the input-output module. New features also lie in the availability and implementation of the communication module.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The attached figure shows a functional diagram of a universal modular IoT controller for a global IoT control system and energy consumption monitoring (hereinafter, the controller).

The implementation of the invention

The controller contains an input-output module 1 integrated in the common case, which is also a cross-board, system module 2 permanently mounted on the cross-board, as well as a connector mounted on the cross-board, designed to be installed on the cross-board of communication module 3 (case, the cross-board as such and any connectors on the figure are not shown). In this case, the input-output module 1, the system module 2 and the communication module 3 (if installed) are electrically connected to each other through a cross-board, so that the input-output module 1 and the communication module 3 (if installed) operate under the direct control of the system module 2 .

The input-output module 1 is configured to measure parameters related to power consumption (power data) and to manage power consumption objects. The attached figure shows (including) a functional diagram of a possible embodiment of this module, namely, an option related to measuring the parameters of 3-phase electrical power lines of various I-things (energy consumption objects, i.e., energy-consuming equipment of technological lines connected to the controller, for example, motors, pumps, compressors, etc.).

Module 1 in this particular embodiment contains four measuring channels (two shown in the figure), each of which includes sequentially connected matching unit 4, measuring microcircuit 5 and galvanic isolation unit 6. Each measuring channel is designed to measure six electrical parameters of power consumption of one particular I-things (three voltages and three currents in accordance with the three phases of the power supply network of I-things). In this case, the voltage is brought directly to the cross-board, and the current through the current transformers. The matching unit 4 is designed to convert high voltage (220 V) to low, which is supplied to the measuring microcircuit 5, and to transfer (using a shunt resistor) high current to small current up to 10 mA, which is also supplied to the measuring microcircuit 5. As a measuring microcircuit 5 uses a large integrated circuit chip V9203 (manufactured in China), manufactured by the industry, designed to measure the parameters of three-phase circuits. It includes blocks for calibration, phase sequence measurement, instantaneous and average operating values of voltages and currents, power (active, reactive, total), power factor calculation unit, memory, digital interface and others. As a block of galvanic isolation 6, an industrial integrated circuit ADUM 1401 BRW is used.

The input-output module 1 contains, in addition, an I / O expander 14, which provides information transfer from its many inputs to one of its outputs and from one of its inputs to many of its outputs (multiplexing and demultiplexing function). As an expander 14, a commercially available integrated circuit PCA 9555 PW is used.

The input-output module 1 contains, in addition, four solid-state relays 7 (two are shown), each of which is a semiconductor switch designed to turn on and off external devices according to the instructions of the central processor 15, to which these solid-state relays are connected via an expander 14.

The input-output module 1 contains, in addition, four discrete inputs 8 (two are shown), each of which is an electric signal conditioning circuit and a measuring integrated logic circuit and is designed for external connected devices and sensors with a dry contact or transistor output type keys, as well as monitoring the status of external devices and equipment, including switches, buttons, limit switches, relay contacts, etc. by measuring discrete input signals.

I / O module 1 contains an integrated power supply circuit of the controller (series-connected transformer 9, rectifier 10 and voltage regulator 11), as well as an RS-485 12 interface integrated into the module, designed for wired connection (up to 1 km) of external devices with digital interface, galvanic isolation unit 13, through which the interface 12 is connected to the central processor 15. In this case, one of the outputs of the stabilizer 11 of the specified power circuit is connected to the power input of the expander 14, and 9 nsformator this circuit is connected to one input acceptance unit 4 of the first measuring channel (in the figure this connection is not shown) that eliminates the design of the controller as a power module structurally separate unit, which in turn simplifies the construction of a controller and its operation.

Each solid-state relay 7 and each discrete input 8 through an expander 14 are connected to the corresponding information inputs and outputs of the central processor 15. Also connected to the information inputs and outputs of the central processor 15 through the corresponding galvanic isolation blocks 6 are the outputs of the measuring circuits 5 of the measuring channels, as well as through the block galvanic isolation 13 inputs and outputs of the RS-485 interface 12.

Specific options for the implementation (modification) of the input-output module 1 may differ in the number of measuring channels, the function of these channels based on the types of controlled energy consumption, the presence of a different number of relays 7 and discrete inputs 8, their different design or lack thereof. However, all possible options for the implementation (modification) of the input-output module 1 contain measuring channels, a power supply circuit (positions 9, 10, 11), including the mentioned connections of the units 9 and 11 included in it, an RS-485 12 interface with a galvanic isolation unit 13 and expander 14.

System module 2 contains a central processor 15 (32-bit integrated circuit STM32), with which two RAM blocks 16 are connected, a permanent memory block 17, an SD memory card 18, a programmer 19 connector, a USB 20 connector through a diode protection 21, an Ethernet connector 22 through a LAN adapter 23, a block of LED indicators 24, and also an additional power supply circuit including an additional stabilizer 25 connected to the output of the stabilizer 11, a battery 26, a battery charge controller 27 and a voltage regulator 28, connected This output is provided with the power input of the central processor 15 and the corresponding terminal pin for installing the communication module 3. The memory units 16 are volatile, they are intended for temporary storage of variables, arrays. The read-only memory 17 is non-volatile, it is designed to store the program of work of the controller. SD card 18 is designed to store the archive; she is removable. The connector of the programmer 19 is designed to connect an external device for downloading and debugging the program during the manufacture of the controller. Connector 19 is located on the system module 3 board and is not accessible to the user; it is intended for a specialist who downloads and debugs a program. The USB 20 connector is connected to the central processor 15 through the diode protection 21. The connector 20 is designed to connect an external computer for debugging and updating software for the central processor, and to configure and configure device operation parameters. Diode protection 21 is designed to prevent the transmission of possible high voltages and currents to an external computer. The Ethernet 22 connector, connected to the processor 15 via the LAN adapter 23, is designed to establish information (wired) communication between the controller and the IoT center. Block 24 contains many LEDs connected to the processor 15, through which a visual indication of the operation of the controller is carried out. An additional power supply circuit (positions 25-28) ensures the operation of the system module 2 and communication module 3 (if installed) during the period of temporary shutdown of an external power source.

Communication module 3 is designed to establish radio communication between the controller and the IoT center, alternative wired communication via Ethernet connector 22. This module is not necessary, since the design of system module 2 contains the mentioned Ethernet communication channel. For this reason, the controller’s design on the cross-circuit board only has a connector for installing communication module 3. Moreover, communication module 3 itself contains three connectors for installing Wi-Fi, GSM / GPRS and LORA radio modems on the communication module (positions 29, 30, 31 ) In addition, the communication module contains an identification unit 32 permanently installed on this module, designed to identify a radio modem (one of three), designed to establish a radio link between the controller and the IoT center. Moreover, the indicated block 32 in its simplest embodiment is an electrical jumper connecting only one radio modem to the processor 15. In this case, in the controller housing on the cross-board, which is also an input-output module, a communication module 3 s is installed in the corresponding socket the radio modem (either 29, 30, or 31) that is set on the identification unit 32. Thus, the controllers can be supplied with the consumer in three configuration options: 1) without a communication module 3, when the controller communicates with the IoT center m can only be made by Ethernet (positions 22, 23); 2) with a communication module 3, containing one of the possible three radio modems, so that the supplier on the identification unit 32 is pre-configured with the actually installed radio modem; 3) with a communication module 3 containing all the radio modems (items 29, 30, 32), so that the consumer himself determines with the help of the identification unit 32 that radio modem that he will actually use to communicate with the IoT center.

Using a controller is as follows.

The legal entity that owns the IoT center concludes agreements with the center’s clients for the provision of services of automated IoT control and management of energy consumption. At the same time, the client can be located anywhere in the world subject to access to the Internet via Ethernet or via one of the radio channels (Wi-Fi, GSM / GPRS, LORA). For this purpose, each client acquires in their ownership and installs at their facilities, the energy data of which are subject to control and management, many controllers for the formation and the corresponding I-things. Each I-thing is one or many energy-consuming objects connected to a controller. All these objects are divided into groups, each of which is connected to one controller. At the same time, the common three-phase power line of the group of objects is connected to the first measuring channel (positions 4, 5, 6), to which the transformer 9 of the controller power circuit is also connected. To other measuring channels (they are in Fig. Under the same positions 4, 5, 6), three-phase power lines of individual energy consumption objects included in the considered group are connected. If necessary, within the framework of the considered group of objects, connections are also made to solid-state relays 7 and discrete inputs 8 of the controller in question.

The I-things thus formed appear to be included in the global IoT control and management system, within which the set under consideration forms the lower (client) level of the system that performs the global control and management function.

Depending on the client’s tasks, different controller modifications may be offered to him for the formation of different sets of I-things within the claimed patent claims. Below is a typical set of I-things formed using the claimed controller.

Nn
p / p A type
IoT controller Number of channels Inputs Outputs Notes eleven Single Channel Three Phase Recorder 1 U: L _1..3 , N
I: TT _1..3 1 DO On each channel:
- an analog input for measuring the voltage between each phase (L) and neutral (N);
- an analog input for measuring current (using a current transformer - TT) for each phase;
- 1 discrete output implemented on the basis of a solid state relay
Measurements:
current values of current and voltage; full, active and reactive power; Power factor; total energy; network frequency; coefficient of harmonic components; current distortion factor; current asymmetry 22 Four-channel three-phase recorder 4 4 U: L _1..3 , N
4 I: TT _1..3 4 DO 33 Single Channel Single Phase Recorder 1 4 U: L, N
4 I: TT 4 DO 44 Four-channel single-phase recorder 4 4 U: L, N
4 I: TT 4 DO 55 Eight-channel single-phase recorder 8 8 U: L, N
8 I: TT 8 DO

66 Single Channel Dimmer 1 2 AI 1 AO On each channel:
- 2 analog inputs (0-10v / 0-20 mA / 4-20 mA);
- 1 output to control the load from 0 to 2 kW;
Measurements:
current values of current and voltage; full, active and reactive power; total energy 77 Four channel dimmer 4 8 AI 4 AO 88 Eight channel dimmer 8 16 AI 8 AO 99 Single Channel Relay Module 1 2 DI 1 DO On each channel:
- 2 discrete inputs (12-24V);
- 1 output for load control up to 2 kW, implemented on the basis of a solid-state relay
Measurements:
current values of current and voltage; full, active and reactive power; total energy 110 Four Channel Relay Module 4 8 DI 4 DO 111 Eight-channel relay module 8 16 DI 8 DO 112 IR transceiver 1 1 IR 4 DO IR transceiver (angle of command transmission vertically / horizontally - 90 ⁰ )
4 discrete outputs based on a solid state relay 113 Single channel universal controller 1 1 AI
2 DI 1 AO
2 DO On each channel:
- 1 analog input (0-10v / 0-20 mA / 4-20 mA);
- 2 discrete inputs (12-24V) with counting mode;
- 1 analog output (0-10V / 0-20 mA / 4-20 mA);
- 2 outputs for load control up to 2 kW, implemented on the basis of a solid-state relay 114 Four-channel universal controller 4 4 AI
8 DI 4 AO
8 DO 115 Eight-channel universal controller 8 8 AI
16 DI 8 AO
16 DO 116 Climate module 1 4 AI - Measurements:
temperature, humidity, light, carbon monoxide 117 Modbus RTU / IoT Gateway 1 RS-485
Ethernet
Wifi RS-485
Ethernet
Wifi Modbus Master / slave switching possible

118 Pulse counting module 8 8 DI - Minimum Signal Duration 100 μs
Maximum measured input frequency 5000 Hz
Ranges: 0 ... 10 Hz; 0 ... 100 Hz; 0 ... 1000 Hz; 0 ... 5000 Hz

The simplest IoT controller in this set is a registrar, which is a device connected either to a single-phase network or to a three-phase network (single-phase or three-phase recorder). It measures instantaneous and average operating currents by phase, voltage, active, reactive and apparent power, energy, frequency, harmonics, current asymmetry, non-sinusoidality and a number of other parameters characterizing the quantity and quality of transmitted electric energy. Such a registrar establishes both the electricity supplier (at its output) and the consumer (at its input). If there are no losses, there are no unauthorized connections, then both counterparties record the same amount of electricity. But, since there is efficiency, drops, open, short circuit, leakage, it is obvious that the consumer will receive actually less energy than the supplier gave. At the same time, each registrar of the pair in question accumulates information in its memory where this information is stored for up to six months. But, since the registrar has an Internet connection interface, then each interested counterparty can receive this information via the Internet. Registrars can be single-channel or multi-channel. A single-channel recorder is a device that can be connected to only one power line. A multi-channel recorder has several channels, each of which can be connected to its own power line. In addition, for control at the lower level of the system, a dimmer is used, which is also single-channel or multi-channel. It can manage loads up to 2 kilowatts, including powerful switching equipment, circuit breakers or contactors. At the lower (client) level, a universal controller is also used, which is a conventional input / output device for analog and discrete signals, where 4-20 mA (standard), or 0-10 V signals can be inserted. At the lower level there is also a climate module ( 4-20 mA, 0-10 V) for inputting signals from temperature, humidity, pressure sensors, as well as an infrared module for remote switching on and off of electricity consumers. The lower (client) level of the system also includes gateways (protocol converters): on the one hand, the Internet, and on the other, an industrial network with Modbus RTU, ASCII, Profibus, CAN, HART, 1-wire, MBus, etc. protocols. The gateway allows you to convert signals and send data to the Internet.

Claims (2)

1. A universal modular IoT controller for a global monitoring and energy management system, comprising a system module (2) and an input-output module (1) integrated in a common housing and electrically interconnected, which is controlled by a system module (2), characterized in that the input-output module (1) is capable of measuring energy data and controlling energy consumption objects and is a cross-board combining a system module (2) equipped with an Ethernet connector (22) and a LAN adapter (23) for monitoring a lera with an IoT center, the aforementioned I / O module (1) and a connector for installing a communication module (3) designed to establish, under the control of the system module (2), an alternative radio channel for the controller with the IoT center using a Wi-Fi radio modem (29 ), GSM / GPRS (30) or LORA (31), while the input-output module (1) contains measuring channels for measuring energy consumption parameters of energy consumption objects connected to these channels, and each measuring channel includes a matching unit (4) connected to measuring microcircuit (5), to which through the galvanic isolation unit (6) is connected to the information inputs-outputs of the central processor (15), which is part of the system module (2), solid-state relays (7) for turning on and off external devices according to the commands of the central processor (15), with which these relays are connected by means of an input-output expander (14), discrete inputs (8) connected to the information inputs-outputs of the central processor (15) through an input-output expander (14), for monitoring the status of external devices by measuring input the terminal signals, as well as the controller power supply circuit, consisting of a transformer (9), a rectifier (10) and a voltage regulator (11) connected in series, connected to the power input of the input-output expander (14), while the transformer (9) of this circuit is connected with one of the inputs of the matching unit (4) of the first measuring channel. 2. The universal modular IoT controller according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a communication module (3) installed on the cross-board in a slot for it on the board, and the communication module contains connectors for installing Wi-Fi radio modems (29), GSM / GPRS (30) and LORA (31), as well as the identification block (32) of the radio modem, with which only one radio modem is connected to the system module (2), installed on the communication card in the one intended for it on this card connector.

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