RU2710187C1 - Plant for producing water from dry atmospheric air - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water supply. Proposed plant comprises cold accumulator, water collector and air duct composed of exhaust pipe with air heater connected with solar collector. Cold accumulator used is soil, in which there is additionally introduced shell-and-tube heat exchanger-condenser, equipped with cooling ribs, air inlet-outlet pipes through its internal tubes and water condensate discharge branch pipe connected to water collector. Atmospheric air inlet pipe to the heat exchanger is connected to the atmosphere via the control valve. Outlet pipe of air from the heat exchanger through the additional pipeline is connected to the suction ejector tube-sampler, placed in the upper part of the air duct. In lower part of air duct there are openings for atmospheric air intake.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to desalination plants that produce water from atmospheric air.

Known [1] "Installation for the production of cheap fresh water" by Milanich A.I. according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2157874. IPC E03B 3/28; C02F 1/04.

The installation contains a condensation chamber, an air intake in the form of a weather vane, a pipe for intake and discharge of air, the condensate chamber being located under water or in the ground, and the air intake is in the atmosphere.

The advantage of the installation is in the prostate structure, and the disadvantages are low productivity and the need to adapt to areas with high air humidity, the presence of wind and the mandatory burial in the ground or in colder layers of water.

It is possible to increase the productivity of this installation through the use of additional technical means: heat exchangers, circulation pumps, etc.

Also known [2] "A method of extracting water from air, a device for extracting water from air and a condenser" by the authors Karamzin VA, Makarova VV and others according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2426839. IPC E03B 3/28; B01D 5/00.

The device comprises a unit for forming a stream of atmospheric air, a water atomizer, a condenser, a control unit, an air heater, elements that create turbulence of the stream, temperature and humidity sensors, a refrigerating machine, and pumps.

This device is a structurally complex and expensive product, and the water produced by it will have a high cost, including due to the significant energy costs for the operation of the fan, pumps and refrigeration machine.

The closest analogue of the invention (prototype) is the "Installation for fresh water from atmospheric air" authors Alekseeva V.V. and others according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2131000. IPC E03B 3/28 {3}. This installation contains a cold accumulator, an air duct, a water collector, a solar collector and an air heater connected to it, and the cold accumulator is made of solid material located on the water collector, the air duct is made in the form of an exhaust pipe located above the cold accumulator, inside which there is an air heater, and air ducts are located at the bottom of the cold accumulator.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low productivity due to charging - cooling the cold accumulator only at night and the need to use a significant number of finned heat pipes, in which the heat carrier is water. In order for heat pipes to work effectively with water, it is necessary to have a phase transition of water into steam, i.e. heating to 100 degrees Celsius, which is unlikely to provide for a long time.

The objective of the invention is the production of water from dry atmospheric air with high productivity and with any concentration of water vapor in regions completely devoid of water sources for desalination, including mineralized water.

The technical result is as follows:

- a finned shell-and-tube heat exchanger-condenser is used, which is located in the ground, through whose tubes atmospheric air is passed;

- an air duct is used - an exhaust pipe, in the upper part of which an ejector tube-sampling device connected to a heat exchanger is installed;

- an air heater made of heat-accumulating material is placed in the duct connected to the solar collector, and concentrated solar rays from a nearby reflector are also directed to the heater, which creates a greater temperature difference that improves condensation conditions;

- an annular air flow deflector is installed on the upper part of the duct, creating an additional vacuum in the duct;

- a black heat-conducting surface is applied to the upper part of the duct for its better heating from solar insolation.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the installation containing the exhaust pipe in the form of an exhaust pipe with an air heater connected to the solar collector, a cold accumulator, and a water collector, an additional shell-and-tube heat exchanger-condenser is placed in the ground and equipped with cooling fins, input pipes - air outlet through its internal tubes and a condensate outlet pipe connected to the water collector, and the heat exchanger inlet pipe is connected to an atmospheric valve through a control valve air, the outlet pipe of the air from the heat exchanger through an additional pipe is connected to the suction ejector tube-selector, located in the upper part of the duct, and in its lower part there are windows for intake of atmospheric air.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that an annular baffle for air flows creating an additional vacuum in the duct is installed on the upper part of the duct.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that a solar reflector is installed in the lower part opposite the air duct windows with the direction of its reflected rays to the air heater, and a black heat-conducting surface is applied to the upper part of the air duct.

The drawing shows a "Installation for the production of water from dry atmospheric air."

The installation comprises an air duct - an exhaust pipe 1 located at a certain depth in the soil 2, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger-condenser 3, equipped with cooling fins 4, a pipe 5 for entering atmospheric air through an inlet pipe 6 with a control valve 7, a pipe 8 for the air outlet, and a pipe 9 for the condensed outlet water connected to the catchment 10 and the internal cooling tubes 11 of the heat exchanger. Shell-and-tube condensers-heat exchangers [4] are known, see, for example, “Tube heat exchangers. Shell and tube heat exchangers. " [Electronic resource]. www.gigabara.ru/doc/17620.html. Fig. 13-5.

Inside the duct there is an air heater 12 made of heat-accumulating material connected to the solar collector 13 and a suction ejector tube 14 connected by a pipe 15 to the air outlet pipe from the heat exchanger, and an annular deflector 16 is located at the top, which captures wind flows and amplifies due to additional vacuum upward air flow in the duct 1.

The upper part of the duct has a blackened heat-conducting coating 17, and its lower part is equipped with windows 18 for the entry of atmospheric air and concentrated sunlight from the reflector-reflector 19, aimed at the air heater 12 inside the duct.

"Installation for the production of water from dry atmospheric air" works as follows.

Depending on the amount of solar insolation in a desert area, the heater 12 receives thermal energy from both the solar collector 13 and the reflector-reflector 19, heating the air inside the duct 1.

The stock of thermal energy accumulated in the heater 12 should ensure the effective operation of the device, including when solar insolation is temporarily absent, and at night, since the atmospheric air at night has a lower temperature with a higher concentration of water vapor contained in it and is created better conditions for condensation of water.

In addition, the upper part of the duct 1, having a blackened heat-conductive coating 17, also contributes to the heating and intensive movement of air inside the duct. The vertical movement of air inside the duct creates the conditions for the sample tube 14 to eject atmospheric air through the pipe 15 and pipe 8 from the heat exchanger 3. Air is ejected through the inlet pipe 6, through the open valve 7, pipe 5, through the internal tubes 11 of the heat exchanger, pipe 8 and into the pipe 15. The effect of deepening the heat exchanger into the soil as a battery-cooler is known [5]: I. Antufiev A device for producing water in the desert. RF patent No. 2526628. IPC Е03В 3/28.

The external cooling fins 4 of the heat exchanger 3 have a lower soil temperature depending on the depth at which it is placed. This temperature is stored in the annulus and acts on the outer surfaces of the inner tubes 11 through which hot atmospheric air is pumped (ejected). As a result of this, condensate forms on the surface of the inner tubes 11, which accumulates at the bottom of the heat exchanger and through the pipe 9 enters the storage water collector 10.

The dry air of the steppes and deserts is characterized by a low content of water vapor. Its distinctive feature is high daytime temperatures and relatively cool night hours.

Using the proposed installation, which ensures large temperature differences during daily work during overheating of atmospheric air, its accumulation during the day, and cooling due to the constant temperature of the soil, will make it possible to find wide application for practical purposes of producing water with high productivity in conditions of dehydrated terrain.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Milanich A.I. Installation for the production of cheap fresh water. RF patent No. 2157874. IPC E03B 3/28; С02Р 1/04 (analogue).

2. Karamzin V.A., Makarov V.V., Sinchurin I.P. etc. A method for extracting water from air, a device for extracting water from air, and a condenser. RF patent No. 2426839. IPC E03B 3/28; B01D 5/00 (equivalent).

3. Alekseev V.V. and others. Installation for fresh water from atmospheric air. RF patent №2131000. IPC Е03В 3/28. (prototype). C02F 1/10 (prototype).

4. Tubular heat exchangers. Shell and tube heat exchangers. [Electronic resource] www.gigabaza.ru/doc/17620 html. Fig. 13-5. Multipass (in the annular space) shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

5. Antufiev I.L. A device for producing water in the desert. RF patent No. 2526628. IPC E03B 3/28 (analog).

6. Tubular heat exchangers. Shell and tube heat exchangers. [Electronic resource] www.gigabaza.ru/doc/17620 html. Fig. 13-12. Elements of the heat exchanger with fins.

7. German patent DE 3313711 A1, 10/18/84.

8. European patent EP 0430838 A1, 05.06.91.

Claims (3)

1. Installation for the production of water from dry atmospheric air, containing a cold accumulator, a water collector and an air duct in the form of an exhaust pipe with an air heater connected to a solar collector, characterized in that the soil is used as a cold accumulator, in which an additional shell-and-tube heat exchanger is placed - a condenser equipped with cooling fins, air inlet / outlet nozzles through its inner tubes and a water condensate outlet nozzle connected to the water collector, Yes, atmospheric air to the heat exchanger is connected through the control valve to the atmosphere, the air outlet pipe from the heat exchanger through an additional pipe is connected to the suction ejector tube-selector, located in the upper part of the duct, and in its lower part there are windows for intake of atmospheric air. 2. Installation for the production of water from dry atmospheric air according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular baffle is installed on the upper part of the duct for air flows creating an additional vacuum - vacuum in the duct. 3. Installation for the production of water from dry atmospheric air according to claim 1, characterized in that a solar reflector is installed in the lower part opposite the air duct windows with the direction of its reflected rays to the air heater, and a black heat-conducting surface is applied to the upper part of the air duct.

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