RU2709938C1 - Conductor and set-constructor for manufacture of wooden scale model ship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: simulation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of technical scale simulation. Conductor for making a hull of the ship wooden model includes a volume hollow part from a polymer material, the shape of the outer surface of which repeats the shape of the surface of the ship hull without external lining, and limited along the perimeter lines of at least a gunwale plate and garboard strake of the ship, wherein said part is solid in form of a single element, or composite of at least 2 elements symmetrical relative to the centerline plane (CP) of the ship, and has fore, central, stern and / or transom parts; part on outer surface side is provided with transverse grooves having trapezoidal cross-section shape with arrangement of trapezoid top base at groove bottom for arrangement of wooden frames in them to form smooth outer surface, as well as a support platform located along the CP line perpendicular to the CP plane for placement of a upper false keel on it. Set-constructor for manufacture of housing of ship wooden model includes conductor, upper false keel, which is a composite structure of at least three parts – keel frame, right and left garboard plates with cutouts for positioning and fixing of lower ends of frames, external wooden frames, false gunwale plate with holes for positioning and fixing of upper ends of frames, planks of external wooden plating, transom, stem, keel, stern-post, gunwale plate.

EFFECT: invention can be used in industrial production of sets-designers of scaled models of vessels, including plastic conductor for manufacturing of housing of ship wooden model, and also set of parts from wood for independent assembly of models of vessels.

17 cl, 15 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of technical large-scale modeling and can be used in the industrial manufacture of sets of constructors of scale models of ships, including the industrial production of wooden sets for self-assembly of ship models. The invention also relates to the technical form of creativity - ship modeling (building large-scale models of ships as a hobby), and the technical type of sport - ship modeling (design and construction of large-scale models of ships for sporting events).

State of the art

A wide range of technical solutions are known in the art for the construction of wooden hulls for large-scale ship models. The choice of a technical solution depends on the purpose of the model, skills, and technical capabilities of the manufacturer or modeller.

In particular, the solution is known that is used for the construction of “Type-setting hulls of ship models with plywood frames and keel frame” (Kurt O. Construction of ship models: Encyclopedia of ship modeling. Shortened lane with Italian. - L .: Sudostroenie, 1977. - P. 163 -182), which is a construction kit, including: a slipway for fixing and aligning the keel frame; keel frame with a tongue under the planking and cutouts for frames; frames with cutouts for the keel frame and stringers; transom with cutouts for the keel frame and stringers; stringers and waterways in the form of rails for the formation of longitudinal connections of the body; curly bow and stern wooden inserts repeating the shape of this part of the body; rough and finish casing. To build a model of a vessel, plywood with cuts inside is made of plywood 4-5 mm thick to lighten the weight of the general structure with transverse ties to ensure its strength. Cutouts for stringers, waterways and keel frames are made on frames. A keel frame is made with a tongue under the planking board, which is fixed on the slipway. The keels put on frames, a transom in the stern and are interconnected by stringers and waterways (rectangular slats) to obtain the frame of the future hull. If necessary, in the hulls with round stern in the aft part, curly wooden inserts are made corresponding to its bend, similar to the bow, and separate lining is glued to them already. Often, the spacing between the frames for greater strength and a better fit of the casing is closely filled with bricks from linden. Then the sides are formed by means of sheathing (often double: rough and finishing) of the obtained frame with veneer / plywood or wood slats depending on the contours of the hull. Cutting the skin is done using templates made of cardboard, while the boards are customized, trying on to the installation site. After sanding the outer surface with sandpaper, put the stem. For the model of a warship, the contours of the cannon ports are applied on board with a pencil, followed by cutting in the skin.

However, this technical solution has a number of significant drawbacks, namely: the presence of a large number of frames cut from plywood; the need for a perfectly smooth slipway for fixing the keel frame and positioning frames on it; the need to process the ends of the frames (removal of the fry) for a more snug fit to them rough sheathing; the presence of two layers of cladding: draft and finishing; a high probability of damage to the product when processing the upper part of the nasal frames in the area of the bulwark to form a regular and smooth inner and outer surface of the bulwark; the presence in the bow and stern of large special wooden inserts - bosses that require processing according to the patterns; the need for a rough sheathing of thick battens and skills for the performer to give each of the battens the correct shape and install them on the frames; the possibility of curving the plywood of the keel frame under the influence of moisture and, as a consequence, the need for additional measures to straighten the case, which is achieved by making a special slipway or by gluing leveling bars between frames, which, depending on the experience of the modeller, does not always bring results; the need for additional processing of the rough sheathing in case of errors in removing the fry or the curvature of the frames; low accuracy of repeatability of hull contours, both for the right and left sides, and for a series of hulls of the same model, which is subsequently associated with the difficulties of using the standard cutting of the fair skin using a laser for this hull. In addition, the construction of a ship model requires the presence of a special workshop room with forced ventilation due to the large amount of woodworking waste from the fourth group (shavings, sawdust and wood dust), which is not always feasible at home.

Thus, the listed disadvantages of the application of the known technical solution lead to an excessively long period of manufacturing the case, long, tedious, monotonous and painstaking work, and also require the presence of a highly skilled contractor to achieve high-quality results, the availability of various tools, devices and equipment, as well as with a lot of woodworking waste of the fourth group.

The prior art also knows the technical solution of the designer kit used to build typeset hulls with template frames bent according to the patterns (Kurti O. Construction of ship models: Encyclopedia of ship modeling. Shortened translation from Italian. - L .: Sudostroenie, 1977. - P. 183 -188), which includes a slipway for securing the keel frame and frame templates; keel frame; plywood templates with cutouts for attaching the keel frame and stringers, the contour of the frames reduced by the thickness of the skin, taking into account the thickness of the bent frame itself, which is superimposed on the templates; side bars for attaching template frames; slats of rectangular cross section for the formation of bent frames; stringers in the form of rails for the formation of longitudinal bonds of the body; oiled paper or plastic film for laying between the templates to prevent them from sticking together; carnations for temporary fastening of bent frames to templates; slats of rectangular cross-section for the manufacture of boards of the outer skin. In this case, the assembly of the body is carried out on a composite structure removed after assembly, consisting of a slipway, patterns of plywood, side bars, stringers.

When building the hull of the ship model, special templates are used that are suitable for creating series of hulls according to one template. To build a model of the vessel, templates are made that are removed from the hull drawing and cut out of plywood or a board, depending on the size of the model. The profile of the template in comparison with the contour of the frames should be reduced by the thickness of the skin, taking into account the thickness of the frame itself, which will be superimposed on the templates. The contour of the template is drawn parallel to the contour of the corresponding frame and transferred through tracing paper to the board. On each template, quadrangular cuts are made for the passage of longitudinal rails and the installation of the keel. Then a slipway is prepared - a strictly rectangular board with flat parallel outer surfaces. The width of the board should be equal to the width of the smallest frame, so that it was easy to perform the necessary work on it. On the slipway, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the model and the line of frames are drawn. Then, the inverted templates (when working in this way, the body stands with the keel up) are mounted on the stacking board on the frames of the frames with the help of screwed small side blocks. They remove the fry from the templates, attach the keel to the templates, then insert the stringers along the edges of the templates. Then bent frames are made of slats of rectangular cross-section with thickness and width, depending on the size of the model. The slats for the frames are applied to the template in a soaked form and bent, overcoming a certain resistance, fixing on the keel and at the ends. A sheet of oiled paper is laid between the frames and the templates so that when gluing the sheathing, the frames do not stick to the templates, sheathe the frames with their subsequent processing with sandpaper. If necessary, additional longitudinal slats are applied to the frames in the direction of the sheathing. Then put a keel; after drying, the finished case is removed from the templates and, if necessary, processed from the inside.

However, these device and method are characterized by a large number of templates for each frame; the need to remove the fry from the frames; possible displacement of the frame from the center of the template to the side, a high probability of gluing the frames to the template; distortion of the contours of the skin in the bow and in the stern of the prototype; the construction of only light, uncomplicated cases with a side not piled inside (otherwise it is not possible to remove the case from the template without damaging the latter).

Closest to the claimed is the construction kit used to build the hull of the boat according to a monolithic template made of wood, (Tselovalnikov A.S. Shipbuilder's Handbook (for ship devices). - M .: DOSAAF, 1978. - 144 p., Ill. - P. 73), which includes a wooden monolithic template that repeats the surface of the ship's hull without sheathing and does not have a lateral line of bending of the buttress, on the surface of which transverse grooves of rectangular section are cut perpendicular to the diametrical plane (DP) for flush-mounted wooden holes narrow frames and having a stem with protrusions for laying the ends of the planks; slats of rectangular cross section for the formation of bent frames; keel; slats of rectangular cross-section for the manufacture of boards of the outer skin. In this case, the assembly of the body is carried out on a wooden monolithic template that is removed after assembly. A distinctive feature of this solution from the ones listed above is the presence in the wooden template of the ship's hull of the necessary number of grooves for laying frames in them, as well as the absence of longitudinal diametrical and horizontal profiles with cutouts for fixing the frames. The grooves are made depth with the possibility of placing frames in them flush with the surface of the housing template, and a width slightly larger than the width of the frames, with the possibility of free placement of frames. A slot is made in the bow of the boat model to secure the stem with protrusions for laying strips of skin on them. The building process is identical to the method described above.

However, this solution is characterized by the following disadvantages, in comparison with the claimed solution: the cross-section of the grooves for laying the frames is in the form of a rectangle with the bottom of the groove parallel to the diametrical plane (DP), and not trapezoidal with the location of the upper base of the trapezoid at the bottom of the groove, the surface shape of which ( bottom of the groove) coincides with the shape of the inner surface of the frame and parallel to the outer surface, as proposed in the claimed solution, which entails a skew of the location of the frame in Navka and the need to remove from its outer side an additional fry that violates the correct cross-section and the strength of the frame; the grooves of the bow and stern are located in the planes. perpendicular to the plane of the DP, and not at an angle to it, as proposed in the claimed solution, which entails additional processing of the nasal frames, violating the correct shape of their cross section and strength; the absence of a longitudinal groove with false rezenikl complicates the correct positioning and the strength of the fixing of the lower ends of the frames along the groove line; the wooden template is located on a flat horizontal surface, so the absence of a raised planhire with holes for the correct positioning and fixing of the upper ends of the frames makes it impossible to form the correct planhire line, which should have a longitudinal sheer; the well-known solution is intended only for the construction of boats with heaps outward and straight sides, and is not intended for the assembly of hulls with the side heaped inward (when trying to make such models of ships it is impossible to remove the hull from the template without damaging the latter) and the presence of gun ports; the manufacture of a wooden template requires a lot of manual labor using tools and equipment for woodworking. In addition, the known solution is characterized by a low copy number of the contours of the prototype; the likelihood of gluing frames and plating to the wooden template, which makes it impossible to remove the case from the template; the need for fastening frames, transom and stem with nails, which is unacceptable for small buildings up to 100 mm long; high cost template.

A technical problem is the possibility of building hulls of large-scale models from parts of a design kit with perfect copying of the contours of a prototype vessel model simulating a real vessel, with the least labor costs. Wooden monolithic patterns are not very suitable for serial industrial production due to the high cost of their production, and are also not always available for independent production by modelers at home. The known technical solutions listed above are characterized by the difficulty of carefully removing the finished body from the template, especially at the junction of the frames with the keel, which is associated with the manufacture of the template from wood, as well as the parts fixed on it. The need to use fasteners - studs / pins to fix the frames on the template, creates restrictions on the use of well-known solutions for building a vessel with a minimum hull size of up to 100 mm, as narrow large-scale frames will either break easily with these studs if the scale of the prototype vessel is respected, or the frames will have to be made wider and thicker than the prototype needs to scale and copy. The absence of a seat on the template for the hull of the vessel for transom placement leads to incorrect positioning and poor-quality construction of the entire hull. In addition, the wooden monolithic template of the ship’s hull is not applicable for the construction of hulls with the sides lit up inward due to the inability to remove the finished hull from the template without damaging the latter. Disclosure of the invention

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to simplify and accelerate the assembly of hulls of wooden ship models from individual wooden elements included in the design kit, mainly using glue, with a high degree of copying of the contours of the prototype model, through the use of a plastic conductor with assembly of the model, which is an element of the design kit, which makes it possible to manufacture it industrially.

The invention allows us to move from a low-productivity and expensive artisanal production to a relatively cheap high-performance and high-quality production of prefabricated hulls of wooden ship models with a high degree of replica of the contours of the prototype vessel.

The technical result is provided by the use of a conductor for the manufacture of the hull of a wooden model of the vessel, including a three-dimensional hollow part (1, 24, 25) of a polymeric material, the shape of the outer surface of which repeats the shape of the surface of the hull of the vessel model without external sheathing, and limited along the perimeter by lines of at least at least a false planir (3, 43, 44) and a tongue-and-groove of the vessel (2, 29), while the said part is made integral as a single element, or composite of at least 2 symmetrical with respect to the diametrical plane (DP) of the vessel of elements, and has a bow (8), central (9), stern (10) and / or transom (22, 49, 50, 51) parts; transverse grooves (7, 27) having a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape with the top base of the trapezoid at the bottom of the groove for placing wooden frames (19, 39) with the formation of a smooth outer surface, as well as a supporting platform located along the line DP perpendicular to the plane of the DP to place a false-rezenkil on it.

The conductor can have two options for implementation - in the form of a single volumetric part (1) (structure), or in the form of a composite part (24, 25) (of two elements). At the same time, the conductor is made in the form of a single volumetric part, preferably for a set variant, intended for the manufacture of models of boats with littered out or straight sides, the composite part for the manufacture of ship models with any shape of the hull.

When the part is made in the form of a single element for the placement of tongue and groove plates, it is provided with a longitudinal groove or longitudinal groove located along the ship’s bottom line, the bottom of which serves as a reference platform.

When a part is made of at least 2 elements that are symmetrical with respect to the ship’s DP, each element from the side of the ship’s ship having a width for accommodating the false reenkyl sheet pile is provided with a support platform for placing the tongue and groove plates.

For both variants in the conductor, the cross section of the transverse grooves (7, 27) of the central part of the part is predominantly in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, at least one groove (7, 27) of the bow and / or stern of the part has the shape of a different trapezoid. The transverse grooves of at least the central part of the volumetric Hollow part are located in vertical planes perpendicular to the DP (diametrical plane) of the model. At least two grooves for the fore and / or stern frames of the volume hollow part can be located in vertical planes at an angle to the DP, where the angle for each frame groove is chosen so that the lower and upper ends of the frames are located in the projection of the housing from above at equidistant distance from each other and from neighboring frames.

A bulk hollow part made of a polymeric material, the shape of the outer surface of which follows the shape of the surface of the hull of the ship model without external sheathing, can be additionally limited by the line of the transom (22.49, 50, 51) part of the hull.

In addition, a three-dimensional hollow part made of a polymeric material can be provided with a base connected to the said part along the plane of the breadth of the hull. In this case, the base also represents a three-dimensional hollow part with a trapezoidal cross-sectional profile. The volumetric hollow part is preferably provided with hollow caps located along the plane of the plane from the side of the inner surface of the base under the transverse grooves, and which are their continuation with the possibility of fixing the ends of the wooden frames in the holes obtained by cutting the caps. The volumetric hollow part (conductor) is removable after the manufacture of the ship’s hull model. The volume hollow part may have a shape imitating the hull of a vessel with parallel and / or sides collapsed outward. When performing a volumetric hollow part of 2 elements symmetrical with respect to the ship’s DP, the shape of the symmetric elements can imitate the hull of the vessel with parallel and / or collapsed outwards and / or inboard sides and / or gun ports, while the transom part of the volumetric hollow part is made with grooves to accommodate transom beams lying in planes perpendicular to the ship’s (diametrical plane), and the symmetrical element can in turn be made of two elements separated by the mid-section of the ship.

Moreover, for the manufacture of boat models, the conductor is preferably made in the form of a single part, consisting of two parts, one of which is made in the form of a volumetric part of a polymeric material (1) (the first part), the second part is the base (6), which is equipped with the first a part, which is also made in the form of a volumetric hollow part with a trapezoidal cross-sectional profile (second part), while the second part is connected to the first part along the raised platform line (3) of the ship's hull. The conductor is made with a longitudinal groove (12) on the outer surface of the part located along the line of the ship’s (diametrical plane) of the vessel, with the possibility of placing a false resencil (14) with a tongue and groove in it, while the false resencil can be a prefabricated structure of, at least three parts - keel frame (15), right (16) and left (17) tongue and groove plates with cutouts (18) for positioning and fixing the lower ends of the frames (19). Volumetric hollow part has a shape that simulates the hull of the vessel with parallel and / or collapsed outward sides. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grooves (7) of at least the central part (9) of the volumetric hollow part are arranged in vertical planes perpendicular to the DP (diametrical plane) of the model, and two grooves (7) for the nose frames (8) and / or aft (10) parts of the volume hollow part are located in vertical planes at an angle to the DP, where the angle for each frame groove is chosen so that in the projection of the body from above the lower and upper ends of the frames (19) are located at an equal distance from each other and about neighboring frames. In one of the embodiments of the invention, the volumetric hollow part (1) of a polymeric material is made with the possibility of fixing the ends of the wooden frames in the holes (4) along the line of the raised platform (3) obtained by cutting the cap (5) located in the base (6) and which is a continuation of the groove (7) of the frame. The conductor in the embodiment for the manufacture of boat models is made removable. After making a model of the wooden hull of the boat on it, it is easily separated from the hull.

For the manufacture of models of ships with flanked sides, the conductor made of a polymeric material is preferably made of at least two (24, 25) elements (first and second parts) symmetrical with respect to the ship’s (diametrical plane) vessel made of polymeric material, when combined of which a volumetric hollow part is formed to place structural elements of the ship model on it. The shape of the symmetrical elements imitates the hull of the vessel with parallel and / or collapsed outward and / or littered sides and / or cannon ports. One symmetrical element, in turn, can also be made of two elements separated by the mid-frame of the vessel. The transom part of the volumetric hollow part (24, 25) of polymer material is made with grooves (28) to accommodate transom beams (46) lying in planes perpendicular to the ship’s (diametrical plane) plane. The grooves (27) of the volume hollow part (24, 25) are located in vertical planes perpendicular to the DP (diametrical plane) of the model. The conductor in the embodiment for the manufacture of ship models with the sides littered inward is made non-removable (non-removable). After making a model of a wooden hull on it, it remains inside the wooden hull and is not visible from the outside.

The technical result is also ensured by the use of a design kit for the manufacture of boat models, which includes a conductor (1) consisting of one volumetric part made of polymeric material with a base (6), as well as a set of the following wooden parts: false-rezenkil (14), consisting of keel frames (15), right (16) and left (17) tongue-and-groove plates with cutouts (18) for fastening the lower ends of the frames (19) and removed fry (20); wooden frames (19); false planshire (3) with holes for positioning and fixing the upper ends of the frames, the outer wood cladding boards; transom (22), stem, keel, stinger (not shown in the figures), outer cladding boards of the boat (23).

The construction kit may further comprise a wooden frame consisting of a main plate (37) with rectangular holes for connecting pins, an upper keel frame (36), internal frames (38) and timber (40, 41) connected to the main plate (37) and keel frame (31) with pins, transverse aft transom bars (46), counter timber (47).

In one of the embodiments of the design kit for the manufacture of models of ships with the sides littered inside, it includes a conductor made of a polymeric material, consisting of the first (right) part (24) and the second (left) part (25), symmetrical with respect to the DP, as well as set of the following wooden parts: false-rezenkil (30), consisting of a keel frame (31), symmetrical with respect to the DP of the right (32) and left (33) sheet pins, connected using glue (GL) and guide pins (34) inserted into the corresponding holes in the keel frame and tongue and groove plates; upper keel frame (36); the main plate (37) with rectangular cutouts for fastening to it with pins of the keel frame (31), the upper keel frame (36), the inner frames (38) to align the keel frame (31) and give additional rigidity to the body; wooden outer frames (39); Rivers (40); ledges with a ledge (41), which are simultaneously the side jambs of the cannon ports; right wooden false-planshire (43) with holes for attaching the upper ends of frames and timber (40,41); left wooden false plankshire (44) with holes for attaching the upper ends of the frames (39) and timber (40.41); horizontal transom beams (46); counter timbers (47); forming frames (48); ship transom (49); feed clearance (50); ship hull abortion (51); outer wood cladding boards (52) of the vessel; planshire (53); stem (54); keel (55); stinger (56).

The manufacturing process of the wooden case designer kit includes the manufacture of component parts - a plastic conductor and wooden parts.

The manufacturing process of a wooden hull includes building (assembling) a modeller at home using mainly hand tools, a wooden hull of a ship model from wooden parts of a set-constructor using a plastic conductor.

Thus, the claimed solution can be presented in the form of a plastic conductor and a set of constructor containing the aforementioned plastic conductor and wooden parts for the possibility of manufacturing different versions of the hulls for any models. A plastic conductor and a construction kit can be manufactured in a highly productive industrial way using modern equipment and machines using technologies known from the prior art, from which a modeller can easily and quickly make a model of any vessel at home using a hand tool.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Figures 1-15 show the inventive conductor in possible variants of its implementation, the structural elements of the construction kit, and the assembly diagram of the elements (parts) of the construction kit of the wooden boat (Fig. 1-5) using a removable plastic conductor and a wooden vessel (Fig. 6-15) using a non-removable plastic conductor.

In the figures, positions 1 to 23 denote the structural elements of a removable plastic conductor and construction kit example on a boat example, positions 24 to 56 indicate the structural elements of a removable plastic conductor and construction kit variant on the example of a vessel, namely:

1 - removable plastic conductor;

2 - the line of the tongue-and-groove belt of the removable plastic conductor, which is the junction line of the surface of the removable plastic conductor and the tongue-and-groove plate;

3 - false planshir of a removable conductor with holes (4), which are obtained by cutting off the caps (5);

4 - holes in the raised plate for attaching the upper ends of wooden frames;

5 - technological plastic caps formed during the manufacture of a plastic conductor by vacuum molding, cut to obtain through holes (4) in a raised plate (3), intended for fastening the upper ends of wooden frames (19);

6 - a base made of plastic combined with a false platen (3);

7 - transverse grooves on the surface of the conductor for laying wooden frames; respectively bow (8), central (9), stern (10) parts of the hull (conductor);

8 - the nose of the body (conductor);

9 - the central part of the housing (conductor);

10 - aft of the hull (conductor);

11 - groove for installing the transom;

12 - a longitudinal groove (or groove) on the surface of a removable conductor for laying false rezenkilya (14);

13 - the bottom of the longitudinal groove (12), which is the supporting platform for placing the false resencil (14) on it;

14 - false-rezenkil, consisting of a keel frame (15), right (16) and left (17) tongue and groove plates with cutouts (18) for attaching the lower ends of the frames (19) and removed fry (20);

15 - keel frame;

16 - the right tongue-and-groove plate;

17 - left tongue-and-groove plate;

18 - cutouts in the tongue sheets for attaching the lower ends of the frames (19),

19 - wooden frames;

20 - a fry on a tongue and groove plate;

21 is the sheet pile line, which is the junction line of the sheet pile with the keel frame;

22 - transom boat;

23 - boards of the outer skin of the boat;

24 - the first (right) part of a non-removable plastic conductor;

25 - the second (left) part of a non-removable plastic conductor;

26 - the reference platform of the plastic conductor (24, 25) for placing on it the right (16) and left (17) tongue and groove plates;

27 - transverse grooves on the surface of the conductor for laying wooden frames;

28 - grooves for laying horizontal transom boards;

29 is a line of the tongue-and-groove belt of a non-removable plastic conductor, which is the junction line of the surface of a non-removable plastic conductor and a sheet pile;

30 - false-cut for a non-removable conductor, consisting of a keel frame (31) and right (32) and left (33) tongue and groove plates symmetrical with respect to the DP connected with glue (for example, GL) and guide pins (34);

31 - keel frame;

32 - the right tongue-and-groove plate;

33 - left sheet pile;

34 - guide pins;

35 - the line of the grooves of the right port side located symmetrically with respect to the DP, which is the outer line of the junction of the tongue and groove plate (32, 33) with the keel frame (31);

36 - upper keel frame;

37 - the main plate with rectangular cutouts for fastening to it with pins of the keel frame (31), the inner frames (38), the upper keel frame (36), the timber (40.41);

38 - inner frames for leveling the keel frame (31) and giving additional rigidity to the body;

39 - wooden outer frames;

40 - topimbers;

41 - topimbers with a ledge, which are simultaneously the side jambs of the cannon ports;

42 - hole gun port in a plastic conductor;

43 - the right wooden false-planshire with holes for attaching the upper ends of frames and topimbers;

44 - left wooden false-planshire with holes for attaching the upper ends of frames and topimbers;

45 - openings of raised-plnshire for fastening the upper ends of frames and topimbers;

46 - aft horizontal transom beams;

47 - counter-timbers;

48 - shaping frames;

49 - transom vessel;

50 - aft clearance;

51 - hackabort of the vessel;

52 - boards of the outer wooden cladding of the vessel;

53 - planshir;

54 - stem;

55 - keel;

56 - stinger.

In particular, in FIG. Figure 1 shows two types - a top view and a side view of a removable plastic conductor (1) with a base (6), a raised planter (3) of the base with holes (4) and grooves (7), as well as two cross-sections of the plastic conductor along line AA drawn through the center of the bottom of the transverse groove (7) along line BB drawn along the outer surface of the conductor between the transverse grooves.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a general view of a removable plastic conductor (1) with a base (6), a false pliers (3) and a false resencil (14) and its two cross sections along line AA drawn through the center of the bottom of the transverse groove (7), along the line BB drawn along the outer surface of the conductor between the transverse grooves.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the mounting of the upper ends of wooden frames (19) in the holes (4) of the raised platform (3) of the base (6) of the removable conductor and the lower ends of the frames (19) in the raised section (14), as well as the layout of the stern wooden frames (19) in the grooves (7) of the removable conductor and gluing the transom (22) to the stern of the false resencil (14) with the positioning of the transom in the groove (11).

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the pattern of gluing the boards (23) of the outer skin to wooden frames (19), false reshenkil (14), and to the transom (22) located in the corresponding grooves of the removable conductor (1).

In FIG. 5 shows a general view of a finished wooden boat with a removed plastic conductor and installed internal elements.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the profile of one of the parts of a non-removable conductor, a top view and a side view of the conductor containing the right (24) and left (25) parts of the conductor with a support platform (26) for placing the right (32) and left (33) sheet piling plates on it.

In FIG. Fig. 7 shows a false rezenkil (30) for a non-removable conductor with a sheet pile line (29), which consists of a keel frame (31) and right (32) and left (33) sheet pile plates symmetrical with respect to the DP, connected with glue and guide pins (34).

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the inner frame of the complete ship model for a non-removable conductor.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows a non-removable plastic conductor mounted on the inner frame of a ship model.

In FIG. 10 shows a diagram of the installation of the right (43) and left (44) parts of a wooden raised platform on the corresponding right (24) and left (25) parts of a non-removable conductor.

In FIG. 11 shows a general view of the stern of the ship’s hull and two variants of the longitudinal section (profile) of the upper keel frame with and without mounted horizontal transom beams (36), with the installation of external frames in the stern of the ship’s hull (39), horizontal transom beams ( 46), counter-timber (47) on a non-removable plastic conductor.

In FIG. 12. A general view of the hull of the vessel is presented in two versions, showing the installation of external frames (39), forming frames (48) on an unremovable plastic conductor and removing the fry from the tongue and groove plates (32, 33).

In FIG. 13 shows a longitudinal horizontal section of the middle, fore and aft parts of the conductor with outer wooden frames (39) in the grooves (27), horizontal transom beams (46) in the grooves (28), as well as the cross section of the conductor along the line of fastening of the top-timbers (40, 41 ) and sheet pile plates (32, 33) in a plastic conductor.

In FIG. 14. The installation diagram of the boards of the wooden outer skin (52) of the vessel is shown.

In FIG. 15 - two general views of the finished wooden hull of the vessel from the bow and stern, respectively, with a removable plastic conductor.

The implementation of the invention

The following terms are used to describe the present invention.

Dowel - a notch (of a triangular section) in the pins or keel where the sheet or plank board rests, called the tongue and groove. A sheet pile line or sheet pile line is always applied to the original drawing of a wooden vessel, as this is necessary for the construction of wooden vessels;

The tongue and groove line is the outer line of the junction of the surface of the plastic conductor and the tongue and groove plate;

Sheet pile line is the outer line of the joint of the sheet piling with the keel frame;

Frame - a transverse rib of the ship’s hull, a wooden or metal transverse stiffening element of the hull of the ship’s hull;

The keel frame is a longitudinal structural element of the model set of the vessel, the outer line of which follows the line of the tongue and groove of the vessel;

Transom - a flat section of the stern of a boat, yacht or other vessel.

Huckabort - the rounded part of the aft end of the vessel, characteristic of the sailing fleet, the uppermost part of the stern from the shell above the upper windows to the planir;

Aft clearance - the inclined upper part of the aft end of the ship's hull protruding beyond the shaft.

Rezenkil - in wooden shipbuilding - a beam lying directly on the keel.

Sheet piling - two symmetrically located relative to the DP (the diametrical plane of the vessel) plate, the outer line of which follows the line of the sheet piling of the vessel, and having cutouts for attaching the lower ends of the wooden frames;

False-rezenkil - the longitudinal element of the set of the vessel, consisting of a keel frame and sheet pile plates glued along the sheet pile to the right and left;

False planshire - a plate lying on the line of junction of the planshire with a bulwark (upper part of the ship's hull), and having holes for positioning and securing the upper ends of wooden frames;

Bulwark - part of the hull located above the deck, has an outer and inner surface;

External cladding - the outer wooden cladding of a ship, cut with a laser on the boards;

Malka - in shipbuilding practice, the angle between the shelves of a frame square is called small when it is more or less than a straight line;

Removing malki - removing bevels on the ribs of frames and other wooden elements of the body. It can also be called malkovka, malkovka, etc. In ship modeling, the meaning of this operation is that, both before installing the frames on the glue, and after gluing, it is necessary in this way to process the outer surface of the future frame of the hull - the end parts of the frames, so that with further rough and fair sheathing of the vessel the planks fit snugly to the frame with the desired bend without kinks and dips;

Keel (English keel) - the main longitudinal connection of the ship, located along its entire length in the lower part along the diametrical plane. On wooden ships, the keel consists of a protruding beam, to which frames are attached;

Achtershteven - structural design of the aft end of the vessel in the form of a keel extension;

Foreshank - continuation of the keel, forming the front end of the vessel (continuation of the keel in the bow);

Rottimbers - the upper part of the frame located in the bulwark area;

Counter-timbers are stacked trees that serve as the end of the stern in the surface of the wooden vessel, starting from the Vintranza (upper transom) to the hook-side, the lateral of these trees being called counter-timbers themselves, and the middle ones are called spring timbers; they make up the so-called feed gap.

Depending on the class of the vessel, the shape of the hull, the presence of the deck, cannon ports, the inventive conductor for the manufacture of the hull of the ship model can be made removable / removable (after assembling the hull of the ship model), and unremovable / not removable. The conductor can be manufactured industrially or using additive technologies.

A removable plastic conductor is typically used for hulls of ships in which the sides are piled out and / or vertical, and in which all the internal wooden elements of the hull set are visible from the outside. Such hulls usually have wooden boats. This type of plastic conductor helps you easily and quickly build a wooden boat hull, but after completion it is easily removed from the hull. As a result, the appearance of the boat and all the elements of the hull set visible from the outside are made of wood and fully correspond to the real prototype of the model.

A non-removable plastic conductor, as a rule, is used for ship hulls with one or more solid decks and any hull form with hull forms heaped in and / or out and / or with straight (vertical) sides, and also which can have one or several rows of cannon ports . Such hulls usually have wooden antique ships (ships). This version of the plastic conductor helps to easily and quickly build a wooden hull of such a vessel, but the conductor itself, after completion of the work, is not removed from the hull, but is closed by a wooden outer lining and a wooden deck. As a result, the appearance of the vessel and all visible hull elements are completely made of wood and correspond to the real prototype of the model.

The plastic conductor for the manufacture of the hull of the wooden model of the vessel (in removable and non-removable versions) is a three-dimensional hollow part made of a polymeric material, which can be made as one piece (1) (as a single element), or as a composite of at least 2 elements (23, 24) symmetrical with respect to the DP (diametrical plane) of the vessel, the shape of the outer surface of which repeats the shape of the surface of the hull of the model of the vessel without external casing, and bounded at least along the perimeter by lines lanshirya (3, 43, 44) and the belt tongue and groove (2, 29) of the vessel having a bow, a central, feed and / or transom portion. Grooves (7, 27) are made on the outer surface of the conductor with the possibility of placing wooden frames (19, 39) in them with the formation of a smooth outer surface, while the grooves have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape with the upper trapezoid base located at the bottom of the groove. The cross section of the grooves of the Central part of the part is predominantly in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, at least one groove of the bow and / or stern of the part, has the form of a different-sided trapezoid.

The conductor additionally contains a false platform (3, 43, 44) with holes (4, 45) for positioning and fixing the upper ends of the frames (19, 39).

The set additionally contains a wooden part - false rezenkil (14, 30), which is a prefabricated structure of at least three parts - keel frame (15, 31), right (16, 32) and left (17, 33) sheet piles plates with cutouts for positioning and fixing the lower ends of the frames (19, 39).

The outer casing is fixed (23, 52) using glue to wooden frames (19, 39), false reshenkil (14, 30), and / or false planshire (3, 43, 44) and / or transom part (22 , 47), so that the entire plastic conductor is inside the outer skin of the housing.

A removable jig variant is usually characterized by the following design features:

- is a single volumetric hollow part (1) of a polymeric material, the shape of the outer surface of which repeats the shape of the surface of the hull of the ship model without external casing, has a longitudinal groove (12) on the outer surface of the part, located along the line of the ship (diametrical plane) of the vessel, the possibility of placing a false reshenkil in it (14);

- may have a base (6) in the form of a volumetric hollow part of a polymeric material with a trapezoidal cross-sectional profile, including a false platform (3) with holes (4) for securing the upper ends of wooden frames (19). The holes (4) are obtained by cutting off the cap (5) located in the base (6) and which is a continuation of the groove (7) of the frame;

- has a longitudinal groove (12) on the outer surface of the part equal to the width of the false resencil (14), located along the line of the ship (diametrical plane) of the vessel, with the possibility of placing a false resencil in it (14);

- at least two grooves (7) for the frames of the bow (8) and / or aft (10) of the volume hollow part are located in vertical planes at an angle to the DP, where the angle for each groove (7) of the frame is selected so that In the projection of the body from above, the lower and upper ends of the frames (19) were located at an equal distance from each other and from neighboring frames.

The possibility of implementing a variant of the invention with a removable plastic conductor is shown in detail in figures 1-5.

In particular, in FIG. Figure 1 shows two types - a top view and a side view of a removable plastic conductor (1) with a base (6), a raised planter (3) of the base with holes (4) and grooves (7), as well as two cross sections of the plastic conductor along the line AA, drawn through the center of the bottom of the transverse groove (7), along the line BB, drawn along the outer surface of the conductor between the transverse grooves. The cross section of the grooves (7) of the central part (9) of the conductor mainly has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, and the grooves (7) of the bow (8) and stern (10) parts have the shape of a different-sided trapezoid. The grooves are located in vertical planes perpendicular to the bottom line of the base of the conductor. The conductor has a longitudinal groove (12) on the outer surface of the part, located along the line of the ship's vessel, the width of which is equal to the width of the false resenkil (14). The bottom (13) of the longitudinal groove (12) is a supporting platform for placing a false resencil (14) on it. The line of the tongue-and-groove belt (2) of the right, left side of the removable plastic conductor is the junction line of the surface of the removable plastic conductor (1) and the right (16), left (17) tongue and groove plates, respectively. The grooves (7) for the frames of the bow (8) are located in vertical planes at an angle to the DP, where the angle for each groove (7) of the frame (19) is chosen so that the lower and upper ends of the frames are in the projection of the housing from above onto the base plane are located at equidistant distance from each other and from neighboring frames.

A general view of a removable plastic conductor (1) with a base (6), a false pliers (3) and a false resencil (14) and its two cross sections along line AA, drawn through the center of the bottom of the transverse groove (7), along the line BB, drawn along the outer surface of the conductor between the transverse grooves, are shown in FIG. The technological cap (5), located on the inside of the plastic conductor, is cut with a knife along the inner, lower line of the raised platform (3) of the base (6) with the knife in order to obtain through holes (4) for fixing the upper ends of the wooden frames (19) ) Wooden false-rezenkil (14), inserted into the longitudinal groove (12), lies on the bottom (13) of the longitudinal groove (12) and consists of a keel frame (15), right (16), left (17) connected together by glue ) tongue-and-groove plates with cutouts (18) for fastening the lower ends of the frames (19) and removed fry (20). Malka (20) is removed from the sheet pile line (2) to the sheet pile line (21).

Scheme of fastening, for example, with GL glue, the upper ends of wooden frames (19) in the holes (4) of the raised platform (3) of the base (6) of the removable conductor and the lower ends of the frames (19) in the raised rezenil (14), and Also, the layout of the stern wooden frames (19) in the grooves (7) of the removable jig and gluing the transom (22) to the stern of the raised resencil (14) with the positioning of the transom in the groove (11) is shown in FIG. 3. The scheme for gluing the boards (23) of the outer skin to wooden frames (19), false-rezenkil (14), and to the transom (22) located in the corresponding grooves of the removable conductor (1) is shown in Fig. 4. A general view of a finished wooden boat with a removed plastic conductor and installed internal elements is shown in FIG. 5.

A non-removable version of the conductor, as a rule, is characterized by the following design features:

- is a volumetric hollow part made of a polymeric material consisting of at least two elements (24, 25) symmetrical with respect to the DP (diametrical plane) of the vessel, between which a false resencil (30) is placed, additionally has a right (43) and left (44) a wooden false plankshire, with holes (45) opposite the grooves (27) for securing the upper ends of the wooden frames (39), as well as for securing the upper ends of the timber (40.41);

- the symmetric element (24, 25) can be made in turn of two elements separated by the mid-frame of the vessel;

- the transom part of the volumetric hollow part of a polymeric material is made with grooves (28) to accommodate horizontal stern transom beams (46) lying in planes perpendicular to the ship’s (diametrical plane);

The possibility of implementing a variant of the invention with a non-removable plastic conductor is demonstrated in detail in figures 6-15.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the profile of one of the parts of the non-removable conductor, a top view and a side view of the conductor containing the right (24) and left (25) parts of the non-removable conductor with a support platform (26) for placing the right (32) and left (33) sheet piling plates on it , transverse grooves (27), to accommodate the wooden outer frames (39) and grooves (28) for laying aft horizontal transom beams (46). The cross section of the grooves (27) of the central part of the conductor mainly has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, and the grooves (27) of the bow and stern parts, have the shape of a different-sided trapezoid. All grooves (27) are located in vertical planes perpendicular to the ship's (diametrical plane). False-rezenkil (30) for a non-removable conductor with a sheet pile line (29), which consists of a keel frame (31) and right (32) and left (33) sheet pile plates symmetrical with respect to the DP, connected with glue and guide pins (34 ) is presented in Fig.7. The inner frame of the complete model of the vessel for a non-removable conductor, which consists of a false resenkil (30), a main plate (37), an upper keel frame (36), internal frames (38) and top-rails (40, 41), is shown in FIG. 8. The main plate (37) has rectangular holes into which the pins of the topimbers are inserted (40, 41). Each RIB (40, 41) at its outer end has a removed fry so that this end fits snugly against the inside of the conductor (24, 25). The shape of the inner surface of the end part of the toptimber coincides with the shape of the inner surface of the bulwark of the vessel without sheathing. In FIG. Figure 9 shows a non-removable plastic conductor mounted on the inner frame of a ship model. The positioning of the right (24) and left (25) parts of the conductor is carried out along the grooved belt line (29) and along the ledges of the top timbers (41), which are adjacent to the edges of the cutouts of the gun port of the conductor and on the outer surfaces of the top timbers (40), to which the corresponding internal surface of the right (24), left (25) parts of the conductor. The inner surface of the bottom of the groove (27) of the conductor coincides with the inner surface of the bulwark of the vessel without skin. The installation diagram of the right (43) and left (44) parts of the wooden raised platform on the corresponding right (24) and left (25) parts of the non-removable conductor is shown in Fig. 10, while the false plan has holes for the corresponding pins in the upper part of the timber (40, 41), said elements are additionally fixed with glue. In FIG. 11 shows a general view of the stern of the ship's hull and two variants of the longitudinal section (profile) of the upper keel frame (36) with and without mounted horizontal horizontal transom beams (46), with the installation of external frames (39) in the stern plastic conductor in the stern ship's hull, horizontal transom beams (46), counter-timber (47). Horizontal transom beams (46) are inserted into the stern grooves (28) of the conductor and in the corresponding grooves in the stern of the upper keel frame (36), while the outer ends of the beams (46) coincide with the bottom surface of the grooves for laying counter-timber (47). The counter-timber (47) during installation is bent in the shape of its groove, the upper end of the counter-timber is inserted into the corresponding hole in the raised plate (43, 44), and the lower end is glued with its end to the corresponding sheet pile plate (32, 33). A general view of the resulting ship hull is shown in FIG. 12, which also shows a diagram of the installation of external frames (39), forming frames (48) and removal of the fry from the tongue and groove plates (32, 33). External frames are installed with the upper end in the corresponding hole in the raised plate (43, 44), and the lower end in the corresponding cut-out of the tongue and groove plates (32, 33). The fry is removed from the tongue sheet from the groove belt line (29) to the groove line (35), while in the aft part the removed fry repeats the shape of the forming frames (48). In more detail, the options for the placement and fastening of the outer wooden frames (39) in the grooves (27) of the middle, bow and stern parts of the conductor, horizontal transom beams (46) in the grooves (28), and the timber (40, 41) are shown in FIG. 13, which shows a longitudinal horizontal section of the middle, fore and aft parts of the conductor, as well as a cross section of the conductor along the line of attachment of the timber (40, 41) and sheet piling (32, 33). The installation scheme of the boards of the wooden outer skin (52) of the vessel on the frames (39), tongue-and-groove plates (32, 33) of raised fennel, counter timber (47), wooden false bead (43) is shown in FIG. 14. In FIG. Figure 15 shows two general views of the resulting wooden hull from the bow and stern, respectively, with a removable plastic conductor.

As the material of the conductor can be used plastic or other other polymeric material suitable for the properties.

The main properties of the material for both versions of the jig are:

1. for removable conductor - good ability for molding and the presence of low adhesion of the material of the conductor with glue, which is used for gluing wood. Low adhesion in this case is necessary so that the finished model body can easily be separated from the conductor.

2. for a non-removable conductor - a good ability for molding and the presence of a low value of adhesion of the material of the conductor with glue, which is used for gluing wood. This is necessary so that the outer skin of the wood does not crack over time due to a change in the size of the wooden parts under the influence of humidity and ambient temperature.

For the manufacture of a plastic conductor, flat sheets of plastic 1-5 mm thick manufactured by an industrial method can be used. Plastic conductor can be made by any known industrial method: vacuum molding, injection molding and others. One of the optimal from the point of view of speed and cost methods of manufacturing a plastic conductor in industrial production is the well-known method of vacuum forming plastic on a matrix made using a CNC milling machine using a 3D computer model. To ensure the required stiffness, the thickness of the conductor plastic is selected depending on the type of plastic, the scale and size of the model body, which may have a value:

for model length 40-100 mm - plastic thickness 1 mm;

for model length 100-300 mm - plastic thickness 1.5 mm;

for model length 300-600 mm - plastic thickness 2 mm;

for model length 600-1000 mm - plastic thickness 3 mm;

for model length 1000-1500 mm - plastic thickness 4 mm;

for model length 1500-2000 mm - plastic thickness 5 mm;

The wooden parts of the designer kit are made using the method of laser cutting from flat plates of MDF, plywood, wood and veneer produced in an industrial way. The outer skin consists of individual boards, laser-cut from veneer or lamella of valuable wood species. Each cladding board has its own individual shape and number.

Below is a description of one of the best options for the manufacturing process of a set of constructor and hull model of a wooden boat on a removable (removable) conductor (1).

To fulfill the condition of easy separation of the conductor from the finished wooden case with frames and lining, glue for gluing wood should not be intended for gluing the type of plastic of which the conductor is made. For example, in the manufacture of a conductor made of ABS plastic, PVA glue can be used to assemble the model.

Using a CNC milling machine, a matrix of a removable conductor is made in which a conductor (1) is obtained from plastic by vacuum molding in the form of a single volumetric hollow part made of a polymer material, the shape of the outer surface of which repeats the shape of the surface of the hull of a boat model without external casing and additionally having a base (6) ”with a raised plate (3) and holes (4) for attaching the upper ends of wooden frames (19).

Using a laser, the wooden parts of the veneer are made from flat veneer sheets: keel frame (15), right (16) and left (17) tongue and groove plates with cutouts (18), frames (19), boat transom (22), boat outer skin boards (23) and other necessary elements of a boat model.

Assembly of the hull of the boat occurs in the following sequence (see Fig. 2 - Fig. 5).

1. Glue the false-rezenkil (14), consisting of a keel frame (15), right (16) and left (17) sheet piling with cutouts (18). After the glue has dried, the fry (20) are removed from the tongue-and-groove plates from the tongue-and-groove line (2) with a laser-engraved tongue-and-groove plate to the tongue-and-groove line (21) using a hand tool (Fig. 2).

2. Using a sharp thin knife along the inner line of the raised platform (3) of the base (6), the technological caps (5) are cut to obtain through holes (4) for fixing the upper ends of the wooden frames (19) (Fig. 2).

3. Insert the false resencil (14) into the longitudinal groove (12) of the conductor (1) (Fig. 2-5).

4. Pre-wetted wooden branches of frames for flexibility

(19) insert the upper end into the corresponding holes (4) of the raised platform (3) opposite the groove (7) of the frame, bend it and lay on the bottom of the groove (7), and insert the lower end into the corresponding cutouts (18) of the groove plate (16, 17) and in these places they fix a drop of glue. To fix the upper ends of the frames (19), a drop of GL glue is applied to their raised planshire (3) protruding beyond the holes (4) (Fig. 3).

5. The transom (22) of the boat is glued to the aft part of the false resenkil (14), positioning in the groove on the base (11), repeating the transom end in shape (Fig. 3).

6. The frames (19) and the end face of the transom (22) are treated with fine sand to give the entire structure a smooth surface that matches the surface of the conductor (1).

7. The lining boards (23), cut out by a laser, are sequentially glued from top to bottom from the raised planshire line (3) to the sheet pile line (21) of the starboard and port side, respectively. Glue is applied only to the frames (19), false rezenkil (14), the end face of the transom (22) and the side ends of the boards themselves (23) (Fig. 4).

8. After the glue has dried, the outer skin boards (23) are cut along the outer contour of the false rezenkil (14) corresponding to the line of the junction with the keel, the stem and the core, and also along the outer line of the transom (22) (Fig. 4).

9. To the tongue-and-groove belt with fastened and processed planking boards (23), the keel, the stem and the stem are glued. The entire wooden case is lightly treated with a fine sandpaper from the outside and easily removed from the jig, for which the upper ends of the frames (19), together with the applied glue (GL), are cut along the inner line of the false platform (3). The remains of the upper parts of the frames (19) protruding beyond the upper cladding board are cut off and all the internal elements of the body structure previously cut with a laser are pasted.

As a result of this quick and not complicated assembly process, a boat model is obtained that is maximally relevant to the real prototype (Fig. 5).

It is especially important that the invention allows to build large-scale wooden models of boats of small sizes with a length of more than 40 mm and a skin thickness of 0.3 mm, which is almost impossible to make with any known solutions. It is also important that the invention makes it easy to manufacture a large-scale boat with a lining, both smooth and clinker. In the case of clinker cladding, part of the frames using a laser can be made with teeth that accurately fix the position of each board of the outer cladding relative to the surface of the body and each board relative to the adjacent one.

Below is a description of one of the optimal options for the manufacturing process of the hull of a model of a wooden old ship with cannon ports on a non-removable conductor.

In this case, after completion of work, the plastic conductor itself is not removed from the hull, but closed inside with wooden outer skin and a wooden deck. As a result, the appearance of the vessel and all visible hull elements are completely made of wood and correspond to the real prototype of the model.

Using a CNC milling machine, a non-removable conductor matrix is made in which two symmetrical conductor parts corresponding to the right (24) and left (25) parts of the casing are obtained from plastic by vacuum molding. FIG. 6.

On the surface of the right (24) and left (25) parts of the conductor, a support platform (26), grooves (27) for stacking the frames (39) are formed, and in the stern of the conductor grooves (28) for laying the stern horizontal transom beams (46). Grooves for laying transom sterns of the stern are located in the planes perpendicular to the DP of the model body.

For accurate positioning of all components of the body by laser cutting, they are made of MDF, plywood and veneer sheets (lamellas):

- false-cut (30) for a non-removable conductor, consisting of a keel frame (31) and right (32) and left (33) sheet pile plates symmetrical with respect to the DP with cutouts for fixing the lower ends of the outer frames (19) connected by the keel frame (31 ) with glue and guide pins (34),

- top (36) keel frame,

- the main plate (37) with rectangular holes for installing the keel frame (31), the upper keel frame (36), the inner frames (38) and the timber (40, 41).

- internal frames (38) to align the false rezenkila (30) and give additional rigidity to the body,

- RIBs (40), which can also be lateral jambs of cannon ports,

- topimbers (41), with a ledge, which are simultaneously the side jambs of the gun ports,

- a false platform for a non-removable conductor made of thin plywood, consisting of two right (43) and left (44) parts symmetrical with respect to the DP with holes for the exact positioning of the upper ends of the timber (40, 41) and the outer wooden frames (39),

- wooden transom beams (46) of the hakabort, aft clearance and transom,

- veneer strips for forming bent outer wooden frames in the grooves of the plastic conductor (39),

- counter-timber (47) of thin plywood, symmetrical with respect to DP,

- additional shaping feed frames (48),

- an external finishing covering (52) from veneer (lamella), laser cut into separate boards.

- aft clearance (50), hackabort (51), stem (54), keel (55), stinger (56).

All these housing elements are manufactured by the manufacturer in an industrial way using a thermo-vacuum press and a laser.

The hull assembly of the vessel is carried out in the following sequence (see Fig. 7-15).

1. Using glue, a raised rezenkil (30) is assembled, for which the right (32) and left (33) sheet pins with cutouts are glued to the lower keel frame (31) to fix the lower ends of the outer frames (39). For accurate positioning of these plates, guide pins (34) are used, which are inserted into the corresponding holes of the keel frame (31) and tongue and groove plates (32, 33) (Fig. 7).

2. Assemble the internal wooden frame. To do this, with the help of glue and guide pins, the inner frames (38), the false cutter (30), the upper keel frame (36), and the timber (40, 41) are connected to the main plate (37), which has corresponding rectangular holes for the pins . The topimbers (40, 41) in the upper part have pins for connecting to the raised platform (43, 44) and are located in planes perpendicular to the outer surface of the right (24) and left (25) parts of the conductor (Fig. 8).

3. Install the right (24) and left (25) parts of the plastic conductor on the inner frame so that the support platform (26) of the conductor abuts against the corresponding sheet pile (32, 33) and its cutouts coincide with the grooves (27) for laying the external frames (39), and the lower edge of the protrusion of each timber (41) abutted against the lower edge of the cannon port (42) (Fig. 9).

4. Using the glue, install the right (43) and left (44) parts of the raised planir, positioning their holes on the upper ends of the corresponding topimbers (40,41) (Fig. 10).

5. Place horizontal transom beams (46) in the grooves (28) of the aft part of the plastic conductor, gluing them to the corresponding cutouts in the aft part of the upper keel frame (36). The outer ends of the transom beams (46) are cut flush with the bottom of the groove for laying the counter timber (47). (Fig. 11).

6. Having preliminarily wetted and bent, they are laid in the outer grooves (27) of the conductor strip of the outer frame veneer (39) and fix their lower ends with glue in the corresponding cutouts of the right (32) and left (33) sheet piling. The upper ends of the outer frames (39) are inserted and glued into the corresponding holes of the right (43) and left (44) parts of the raised platform and cut off at the level of their upper edge. After wetting and bending the grooves in shape, they glue the lateral connecting element - counter timber (47) to the ends of the wooden transom beams (46) of the stern, while its upper end enters the corresponding hole of the raised platform (43, 44), and glued end-to-end to the corresponding right (32) and left (33) sheet pile. After that, all joints are coated with glue (Fig. 11-14).

Thus, around the entire perimeter of the right and left halves of the hull, as well as the stern, they create a single wooden structure for fastening the casing, consisting of the right (32) and left (33) sheet piling, raised planes (43,44), counter timber ( 47) and horizontal transom beams (46).

7. Forming frames (48) are glued into the grooves of the lower aft part of the raised rezenkil (30), which later, when processing (removing the fry) of the tongue plate (32, 33), will help the correct formation of the contours of the aft part of the hull. After that, with the help of a file and sandpaper, the wooden parts of the case are treated so that they do not protrude beyond the outer surface of the plastic conductor and from the line of the tongue groove (29) to the line of the tongue (35) they remove the fry from the outer part of the tongue and groove plate (32, 33) (Fig. . 12).

8. Using glue, fix the boards to the outer wooden frames (39), false plankshire (42, 43), counter timber (48), false reshenkil (30) and horizontal transom beams (46) from top to bottom using glue outer wood cladding (52) of the vessel (Fig. 14).

9. After the glue has dried, the protruding parts of the cladding boards (52) protruding beyond the external contour of the raised-rezenkil (30) and the upper keel frame (36) are cut and with the help of glue the fodder parts are installed: transom (49), stern clearance (50), hackboard ( 51), planshire (53), stem (54), keel (55), and stern (56). The case of the model is ready (Fig. 15).

Using the claimed invention on a scale of 1:72 were made hull of the boat "4 oar yal" length of 68 mm and the vessel "tender Avos" length of 270 mm.

Example 1. The manufacture of the hull of the boat "4 oar yal" 68 mm long using a removable plastic conductor (Fig. 1-5).

A matrix for a removable plastic conductor shown in FIG. 1. At the locations of the frames for the durability of the matrix, the details of the frames and the longitudinal groove were made of D16 duralumin. On a thermal vacuum press by a vacuum molding method from ABS plastic, 1 mm thick, a conductor was made 65 mm long, 21.5 mm wide and 13.4 mm high. On the surface of the conductor, 20 grooves were formed for laying wooden frames with a cross section of 0.6 × 0.7 mm. The section of the groove had the shape of a trapezoid with bases of 0.7 and 0.9 mm, and also with a height of 0.6 mm. All grooves, with the exception of the first two, were located in vertical planes perpendicular to the plane of the DP. The first two grooves were located in vertical planes at angles of 74.1 and 83.2 degrees from the plane of the DP. A groove 1.4 mm deep and 1.8 mm wide was formed along the DP line on the surface of the conductor. The production cycle of a plastic conductor on a thermal vacuum press was 15 minutes. Using a laser, a set of wooden parts was made of pear veneer 0.6 and 1.2 mm thick within 6 minutes. Using PVA glue, a false resencil (14) was made from the keel frame (15), the right (16) and left (17) sheet piling plates, which was inserted into the longitudinal groove of the conductor. Together with the removal of Malka (20), the production time of the false resencil (14) was 20 minutes. Then, with a drill with a diameter of 0.8 mm, caps (5) were drilled for 5 minutes to form holes (4) for fixing the upper ends of the frames. It took 50 minutes to bend, lay in grooves (7) and fix with PVA glue twenty wooden frames (19) of the starboard and port side, as well as transom (22). In total, the preparatory phase of the assembly before laying the skin took 96 minutes. The laying and gluing time of the laser-cut 18 cladding boards (23) took about 3 hours. After that, the protruding ends of the frames (19) were cut along with the adhesive along the inner surface of the raised planshire (3) and the hull of the boat was easily separated from the conductor (1). For the installation and gluing of the remaining finished elements of the boat, it took another 3 hours. As a result, the boat shown in FIG. 5. The total production time of the boat took about 9-10 hours.

For the manufacture of a boat 120 mm long according to a monolithic template made of wood (A. Tselovalnikov, Ship modeller's manual (for ship devices). - M .: DOSAAF, 1978. - 144 p., Ill. - S. 73), it took about 56-60 hours, while the main time was spent on the manufacture of a monolithic template from wood, cutting and fitting planking boards, the manufacture of internal elements of the structure of the boat. According to the experience of modelers, it takes about one to two weeks of daily labor to make a small boat with a length of 70 to 100 mm.

Thus, in the manufacture of a boat using the claimed invention took about 6 times less time than using a monolithic template.

It should be noted that the claimed invention is not only a gain in time, but which is especially important, makes it possible to build a hull of boats of small from 40 mm long and basically does not require the use of nails, as proposed when building a boat using a monolithic template.

Example 2. The manufacture of the hull of the vessel "Tender Avos" with a length of 68 mm using a non-removable plastic conductor (Fig. 6-15) e

A matrix for a non-removable plastic conductor shown in FIG. 6. In the locations of the frames for the durability of the matrix, the details of the frames and the longitudinal groove were made of D16 duralumin. On a thermal vacuum press by vacuum molding from ABS plastic, 1.5 mm thick, the right (24) and left (25) parts of the conductor were made 268 mm long, 21.5 mm wide and 13.4 mm high. On the surface of each half of the conductor, 25 grooves (27) were formed for laying wooden frames (39) with a cross section of 1.5 × 3 mm and 6 grooves (28) in the transom part for laying horizontal transom beams (46) of the same cross section. The cross section of the groove is in the form of a trapezoid with a base of 3.0 and 3.4 mm, with a height of 1.5 mm. All grooves are located in the vertical planes perpendicular to the plane of the DP. The production cycle of a plastic conductor on a thermal vacuum press was 15 minutes. Using a laser, a set of wooden parts was made of pear veneer of various thicknesses for 25 minutes. A false resencile (30) was made for a non-removable conductor, consisting of a keel frame (31) and right (32) and left (33) tongue and groove plates symmetrical with respect to the DP, connected with glue and guide pins (34) inserted into the corresponding through holes of the keel frame (31) and sheet piling (32, 33). Next, an assembled inner frame was made, which consisted of a false rezenkil (30), a main plate (37), an upper keel frame (36), internal frames (38), and timber (40.41).

Together with the removal of the small one, the time for manufacturing the inner frame was 40 minutes.

Next, the right (24) and left (25) parts of the conductor were installed on the frame. Bending, laying in grooves (27) and fixing with PVA glue of twenty-five wooden frames (39) of the starboard and left sides, as well as 6 transom beams (46), counter timber (47), and false flooring (43, 44) required 80 minutes In total, the preparatory phase of the assembly before the installation of the sheathing took 160 minutes.

The laying and gluing of the laser-cut 19 planks (23) took about 4 hours. For the installation and gluing of the remaining finished elements of the vessel, it took another 5.5 hours. As a result, the hull of the vessel shown in FIG. 15. The total production time for the ship's hull took about 12 hours.

It takes at least 4 weeks (220 hours) to manufacture a ship’s hull based on any of the other known technical solutions. Thus, in the manufacture of the hull using the claimed invention, it took about 18 times less time than using another well-known technical solution.

Conducted both visual and instrumental measurements showed that the accuracy and symmetry of the buildings built according to the technical solution proposed by the author is much higher than with any other known one, which largely depends on the modeller’s qualifications and the tools and equipment used.

The comparative tests aimed at the manufacture of ship models using the claimed and well-known solutions have demonstrated the simplification and acceleration of the assembly of hulls of wooden ship models from individual wooden elements included in the inventive design kit, mainly using glue, with a high copy number of the prototype model contours due to the use of a plastic conductor when assembling the model, which is an element of the design kit.

Thus, when implementing the claimed invention provides:

1. A significant reduction in the construction time of the wooden hull of the ship’s model, on a scale from the real prototype, both at the stage of industrial production by the manufacturer of the plastic conductor and wooden parts from which the hull is built, and at the stage of the final assembly of the hull by the modeller at home.

2. Obtaining at the stage of assembly of the wooden hull of the ship model the maximum copy number of the contours of the hull of the prototype (real ship) at a high professional level regardless of the experience and skills of the ship modeller without the use of complex and expensive tools, fixtures and equipment.

3. A high degree of repeatability of the result when re-building the wooden hull of the ship model.

4. Reducing the level of environmental pollution, as well as reducing the damage to the human respiratory tract due to a significant reduction in woodworking waste of the fourth group (wood dust) when assembling the wooden hull of the ship model from wooden parts using a plastic conductor made by an industrial method.

5. Reducing the complexity, material consumption and cost of the final product compared with known methods of manufacturing a wooden hull model of the vessel.

6. Production of models of a wide range of scale and size along the length from 40 mm to 1.5 meters, as well as for copying any form of body contours.

The claimed technical solution allows to make a prefabricated hull of a wooden model of a vessel of any shape with high copy number and on an exact scale from the prototype using a plastic conductor.

Practical studies have shown a gain in the time required to build a professional-class hull from 6 to 30 times, depending on various known technologies for the production of hulls for wooden ship models. The greatest temporary effect was achieved on the construction of the hulls of large models of ships with a length of 1-1.5 meters.

Claims (17)

1. The conductor for the manufacture of the hull of the wooden model of the vessel, comprising a three-dimensional hollow part of a polymeric material, the shape of the outer surface of which follows the shape of the surface of the hull of the vessel model without external sheathing, and limited along the perimeter by lines of at least the breadth and tongue and groove of the vessel, said part is made integral in the form of a single element, or a composite of at least 2 elements symmetrical with respect to the diametrical plane (DP) of the vessel, and has a bow, center, stern and / or tra ntsovye parts; the part on the outer surface side is provided with transverse grooves having a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape with the top base of the trapezoid located on the bottom of the groove for placing wooden frames in them with the formation of a smooth outer surface, as well as a supporting platform located along the DP line perpendicular to the DP plane for placement on it false rezenkilya. 2. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that when the part is made in the form of a single element for the placement of tongue and groove plates, it is provided with a longitudinal groove or longitudinal groove located along the ship's bottom line, the bottom of which serves as a reference platform. 3. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the part is made of at least 2 elements symmetrical with respect to the ship’s DP, each element on the side of the ship’s DP, having a width for placement on her tongue and groove plate false-rezenkilya. 4. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the transverse grooves of the Central part of the part predominantly has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, at least one groove of the bow and / or stern of the part has the shape of a different-sided trapezoid. 5. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves of at least the central part of the volumetric hollow part are located in vertical planes perpendicular to the DP (diametrical plane) of the model. 6. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two grooves for the frames of the bow and / or aft of the hollow part are located in vertical planes at an angle to the DP, where the angle for each groove of the frame is chosen so that projections of the body from above the lower and upper ends of the frames were located at an equidistant distance from each other and from neighboring frames. 7. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the outer surface of the volumetric hollow part of the polymeric material is additionally limited by the line of the transom part of the body. 8. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric hollow part of the polymer material is provided with a base connected to the said part along the plane of the hull of the ship. 9. The conductor according to claim 8, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a volumetric hollow part with a trapezoidal cross-sectional profile. 10. The conductor according to claim 8, characterized in that the volumetric hollow part of the polymer material is provided with hollow caps located along the plane of the breadth from the side of the inner surface of the base under the transverse grooves and continuing them, with the possibility of fixing the ends of the wooden frames in the holes obtained by cutting off the caps. 11. The conductor according to claim 8, characterized in that it is made removable after manufacturing on it a model of the hull. 12. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the volumetric hollow part imitates the hull of the vessel with parallel and / or sides collapsed outward. 13. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that when the volumetric hollow part is made of 2 elements symmetrical with respect to the vessel’s DP, the shape of the symmetrical elements imitates the ship’s hull with parallel and / or collapsed outwards and / or sides collapsed inwards and / or cannon ports. 14. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that when the volumetric hollow part is made of 2 elements symmetrical relative to the ship’s DP, the symmetric element is made in turn of two elements separated by the mid-section of the ship. 15. The conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that when the volumetric hollow part is made of 2 elements symmetrical with respect to the vessel’s DP, the transom part of the volumetric hollow part of the polymeric material is made with grooves to accommodate transom beams lying in planes perpendicular to the DP (diametrical plane) of the vessel. 16. A construction kit for manufacturing the hull of a wooden model of a vessel, including a jig according to claim 1, a false rezenkil representing a prefabricated structure of at least three parts — a keel frame, right and left tongue-and-groove sheets with cutouts for positioning and fixing the lower ends of the frames, the outer wooden frames, the false trunnion with holes for positioning and fixing the upper ends of the frames, the boards of the external wooden plating, transom, stem, keel, stern stem, turret. 17. The construction kit according to claim 16, characterized in that it further comprises a wooden frame consisting of a main plate with rectangular holes for connecting pins, an upper keel frame, internal frames and timber, connected to the main plate and the keel frame with pins, counter timber, transverse forage transom bars.

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