RU2709699C1 - Manual electric storage broom for cleaning snow, ice, water, earth, leaves and garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: municipal services.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for sweeping streets and roads, as well as for removing snow or ice from roads and road surfaces. Manual electric accumulator broom comprises an electric motor in a ventilated casing, a removable accumulator, a detachable rotary brush, a handle tube, a shield, a rotating shaft of the electric motor in the handle tube. Broom comprises adjustable length belt. On the front and lateral sides of the handle tube there are rows of cylinders with thread, and height of attachment from the end of the handle tube of adjacent cylinders of different rows is identical with the possibility of screwing on the cylinders of detachable handles. Motor housing and accumulator are placed in box with door, which are made of heat-conducting materials and have bushings for screwing inside upper end of handle tube and screwing from outside on top end of handle tube. At that, the bushing of the motor housing is longer than the box bushing at least twice. On the front wall of the box there is a broom turn switch and a broom speed regulator which is a rheostat with variable resistance, having the shape of an open ring with a dielectric partition at the ring opening point. Rheostat is placed in a dielectric round box with a dielectric rotating cover with water-proof slots between the cover and the box. Cover has a handle and a roller connected to the electric chain for resistance adjustment. Brush axis is perpendicular to electric motor shaft, and brush axis ends have perforated holes without thread and are placed in hollow axes with threaded holes perpendicular to them. Cylinders with caps on one side and cylindrical holes with thread are screwed into holes on the other side, in which bolts are screwed with possibility of brush axle removal from hollow axes and brush replacement. Hats of bolts and cylinders are large, of order of 1 cm in diameter, and have notches for screwdrivers. Lower end of electric motor shaft and one of hollow axes contact via angular bevel gearbox. At that, hollow axes rotate in holes in U-shaped holder, and electric motor shaft rotates in ring hole on handle end. To the holder and tube of the handle the shield is screwed, the lower edge of the side walls of which is located below the lower edge of the rear wall, and the rear wall of the shield is bent and obscures the rear and upper surfaces of the brush.

EFFECT: invention ensures increase of labor productivity during harvesting.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for sweeping streets, roads, etc. Е01Н 1/02 and for removing snow or ice from roads and pavements with rotating parts Е01Н 5/09, as well as for cleaning with brushes with a rotating working element В08В 1/04.

(1) Known rechargeable power tool (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2591914 according to the application No. 2011139420/02 of 09/27/2011), which contains a battery that serves as a power source, fixed with the possibility of disconnection to parts. The part for fixing is made below the holes in the housing. A sealing element is fixed in the housing to prevent water from entering the battery, providing sealing between the openings and the battery. The technical result is to improve the water tightness of the gap between the part for securing the battery of the power tool and the battery.

The disadvantages of the described invention are 1) the complexity of manufacturing insulation from water in the manufacture, 2) the lack of mention of the complete isolation of the electric motor from the water using a casing, 3) if an electric motor of a similar design is installed at the bottom of a rotating broomstick, then water from the puddles that will wash the electric motor in in large quantities, leak through any waterproofing, 3) the clamp for the drill or screwdriver in the drilling machine is too heavy, in addition, the drill or screwdriver is fixed on one side, d For a brush, such a mount is unsuitable, it must be fastened at both ends, otherwise it will hang.

(2) A three-stage snow thrower is known (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2600710 according to the application No. 2014143906/13 of 02.15.2013), which contains a power source and a housing functionally connected to a power source. The longitudinal drive shaft of the snowman is functionally connected to the power source, at least a portion of the longitudinal drive shaft is located in the housing, and the power source selectively drives the longitudinal drive shaft. The transverse drive shaft is functionally connected to the longitudinal drive shaft and is perpendicular to it, and the rotation of the longitudinal drive shaft provides the rotation of the transverse drive shaft. The snow thrower includes a first stage assembly, operatively connected to the specified transverse drive shaft to move snow in the axial direction relative to the specified transverse drive shaft. The second stage of the snowman assembly is functionally connected to the longitudinal drive shaft for receiving snow from the specified stage assembly and moving

snow in the axial direction relative to the longitudinal drive shaft. The third stage of the snowman assembly is functionally connected to a longitudinal drive shaft located next to the second stage assembly for receiving snow from the second stage assembly and moving the snow radially into the gutter for releasing snow from the housing. The technical result achieved in this case is to increase the snowman's working efficiency.

The disadvantages of a snowman are 1) it is rather bulky, it needs a special room for storage, 2) it is effective in cleaning a thick layer of snow, with thin snow, especially a few millimeters it is not used, snow is removed manually, small snowfalls are more common than large ones, therefore, it is used 3-7 times during the winter in the Volga region.

(3) A device is known for tillage and cleaning of the territory (according to the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 95952 according to the application No. 2010112686/22 dated 01.04.2010), including a frame, a support wheel, an attachment unit for a replaceable working tool, a rod associated with interchangeable working tools and interchangeable working tools, which can be a mini-grader knife, a device for chipping ice, a brush for cleaning garbage or ice crumbs, a pololnik, a scraper.

The disadvantages of the device are the following 1) they are manually driven without engines, which reduces labor productivity, 2) the mini-grader knife and scraper can remove snow on a flat surface, but on difficult terrain, for example, on steps of the porch, it is impossible for them to work, except then the snow collected in a pile will then need to be thrown into a snowdrift, for which purpose a shovel will still be needed.

(4) A machine is known for cleaning snow and ice formations from a road surface (according to the patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 40753 according to application No. 2004112948/22 dated 05/05/2004), which includes a power plant with a fan and a hopper for reception of ice scraped off the road surface. On the back of the chassis, a scraping ice pick-up connected to the fan and a working body for scraping ice are mounted. The working body is formed by two tray brushes that are installed between the rear of the chassis and the pick-up and, when rotated, scrape off the ice and feed it into the pick-up suction pipe. At least a portion of the pile of the tray brushes is made of metal. Tray brushes and pick-up can be shifted to one and / or the other side in the direction from the longitudinal axis of the chassis and fixed in an offset position. On the chassis of the machine from the side of its front part mounted plow equipment to remove snow formations.

The disadvantages of the machine are the following 1) if it is necessary to clean a narrow path, it is unsuitable, 2) if it is necessary to clean the nooks where the car will not enter, it is unsuitable, 3) the bunker is periodically filled with ice and it is necessary to interrupt work, move out of the way to release it, 4) The invention cannot be applied to terrain unobtainable for machines.

(5) A braid is known (according to the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 107889 for application No. 2010134867/13 dated 08/20/2010), including a gasoline single-cylinder engine, an extension cord, a gearbox and a mill with a sickle-shaped geometry of the cutting part, a stacker for collecting and storing the cut grass in the roll,

a fixed finger and a height limiter between the cutter and the ground, which copies the topography of the soil and protects the cutter from damage against obstacles.

The drawbacks of the braid are the following: 1) the length and length of the mowing arm are not taken into account; people who are too tall or too short will not be comfortable to hold it, 2) the use of gasoline requires compliance with fire safety regulations, otherwise fire may occur, 3) the gearbox mount is not specified, 4) if the mower wants to work with one hand, it is impossible to do this, since there are two handles and they are located on the sides of the central axis, when working with one hand, you can change hands and not stop work for rest, as with two hands 5) the cutter rotation speed is constant, it cannot be changed depending on the thickness of the grass or its density.

(6) A mowing device is known (according to the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 107890 according to the application 2011118896/13 dated 05/12/2011), which, when using the device without wheels, has belts for fastening it to the mowing body, it also has a control unit to turn on the device, which is fixed on the handle and is not specified. It was experimentally established that due to the execution of the handle hollow and also due to the fact that at least part of the handle is covered with a layer of material with a light reflectance at a wavelength in the range of 500-560 nm more than the light reflectance at a wavelength of 632.8 nm reduces fatigue of the user.

The disadvantages of the mowing device are the following: 1) the length and length of the mowing hand are not taken into account; people who are too tall or too short will not be comfortable to hold it, 2) the use of gasoline requires compliance with fire safety regulations, otherwise fire may occur, 3) the mount is not specified gear, 4) if the mowers want to work with one hand, this is impossible, since there are two handles and they are located on the sides of the central axis, when working with one hand, the hands can be changed and the work cannot be stopped for ha, like two hands, 5) Rotation speed is constant, it can not be changed depending on the thickness or density of the grass.

(7) A mechanical hand-held lawn mower is known (according to the patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 110899 according to the application 2011132379/13 of 01/08/2011), which is equipped with an original drive system, including a horizontally located flywheel, manually rotated by a lever through an overrunning clutch and a multiplier while the cutting drum is made in the form of a flat disk with a sharpened edge and is installed under the body of the lawn mower on the flywheel shaft, the mower contains two wheels that rotate regardless of the rotation of the disk.

The disadvantages of the lawn mower are 1) the presence of wheels that reduce maneuverability, it is not possible to drive on wheels everywhere, 2) additional physical effort is required to spin up the flywheel periodically, which, in the presence of modern gasoline and electric engines, looks like an anachronism.

(8) A device is known for sweeping streets and snowing (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2576172 according to the application No. 2014150138/13 of 12/10/2014), comprising a brush, a handle with a support-movable mechanism, characterized in that the brush has an opposite side equipped with a scraper, bottom on the handle

a removable wheel with a spring shock absorber is fixed, the handle itself has a circular cross section and rotates freely inside the nozzles for the removable wheel and the thrust pipe. In addition, the place of attachment of the nozzle for the removable wheel and the height of the telescopic rack varies and depends on the magnitude of the clamping force. In addition, the place of fastening of the thrust pipe on the handle changes and depends on the growth of the operator. In addition, the width of the brush and scraper depends on the width of the front of work and is equal to 0.5-1.5 meters.

The disadvantages of the device are the following: 1) the scraper is less convenient than a shovel, since the snow is not enough to move to the side, it must still be thrown into a snowdrift, 2) the nozzles with a brush and scraper need to be fixed in a more complicated way on the handle, over time it will become loose and fly off cuttings, 3) it is hard to sweep leaves on a wet sidewalk, they stick to the asphalt and you need to do a lot of sweeping movements to move them off the asphalt, or you have to bend down to unfasten them with your hands.

(9) The working body of I.I. Kravchenko sweeper (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2048633 according to the application No. 4914884/11 of 01/18/1991), containing a conveyor with scrapers, the traction of which covers the drive and bypass sprockets and brush, the pile of which is fixed in longitudinal rows, different the fact that the brush pile is mounted on a drum mounted along the axis of the bypass or drive sprocket with the possibility of simultaneous rotation and input-output of the brush pile rows into the space between the conveyor scrapers.

The disadvantages of the invention are 1) the presence of two rotating sprockets, and not one, with drums makes the working body heavier, which is essential when applying the invention to a hand brush, 2) the conveyor belt must be made of elastic material to move the drums movably, while ice-picking the resistance of the conveyor will be strong, so the tape may break.

(10) A device for cleaning surfaces is known (according to the copyright certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 1726064 according to the application No. 4774487/12 dated 12/26/1989), containing a hollow body, a turbine with a disk end working body and a working agent supply system installed along its axis , characterized in that in order to expand technological capabilities by cleaning from grease contaminants with a washing solution, the disk is installed in the housing by bearings and spring-loaded relative to the housing in horizontal and vertical planes. In addition, the cavity for accommodating the turbine is made conical, and the feed system of the working agent has tangential channels communicating with the conical cavity.

The disadvantages of the invention are the following 1) bearing springs complicate the manufacture of the device, but are an unnecessary detail, since the bristles of the brush themselves spring, also spring the hands of the person holding the broom, 2) the end brush rubs the dirt, but does not throw it to the side, which is more important to Do not sweep hands.

(11) A device for cleaning flat products is known (according to the copyright certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 1734882 according to the application No. 4725726/12 from

08/08/1989), containing a shaft with a bristle ring, placed on a two-arm lever, and a power cylinder, equipped with a spring-loaded stop, characterized in that in order to improve operating conditions and reduce vibration overloads, it further comprises a push sleeve with a latch mounted on the brush a clip, a fixed lever and a wear compensation sensor for the brush clip, the shaft being made integral, one part of which is in the form of a drive cantilever support connected to the fixed lever, and the other in the form of a movable cantilever support inena with a two-armed lever, with both cantilever bearing mounted within the brush holder on its ends, wherein the double-arm lever is rotatable in a plane parallel to the plane of the article being cleaned and the abutment is designed as a hydraulic cylinder, the rod of which by a latch associated with the brush wear sensor holder. An advantage of the invention is that the brush holder is easy to change.

The disadvantages of the device are the following: 1) narrow specialization of the brush: it is used only on a rolling mill, 2) over time, the clamps will loosen, and the spring pressing them in the form of a curved strip of metal will weaken from bending-unbending, over time, the spring with the clamps will need to be replaced by new ones.

(12) It is known and proposed as a prototype a device for cleaning the surface (according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2647447 according to the application No. 2015129075 of 12/13/2013), the design of the nozzle for the cleaning device contains

- nozzle body,

- a brush configured to rotate around the axis of the brush and provided with flexible brush elements having end parts for contacting the surface to be cleaned and trapping dirt and / or liquid particles from the surface during rotation of the brush, the brush being at least partially surrounded by a nozzle body and protrudes, at least partially from the lower side of the nozzle body,

- a drive unit for bringing the brush into rotation,

- a rubber scraper element located at a distance from the brush and attached to the lower side of the nozzle body from the first side of the brush, from which the brush elements enter the nozzle body when the brush rotates, and the rubber scraper element is designed to erase particles of dirt and / or liquid from being cleaned surfaces when moving the cleaning device,

- a deflector for contact with the brush and deviation of the brush elements during rotation of the brush, and

- a restrictive element for at least partially restricting the intake of air into the nozzle body from the second side of the brush, from which the brush elements leave the nozzle body,

moreover, when viewed in the direction of rotation of the brush, the restriction element is located behind the deflector for the brush elements to come into contact with the deflector until they pass through the restriction element and then pass from the nozzle body from the lower side during rotation of the brush, and differs in that the restriction element contains a mechanically flexible an element made due to its flexibility with the possibility of assuming the form, essentially corresponding to the shape of the outer surface of the brush and with the possibility of contact with the end parts E during the rotation of the brush.

In addition, the mechanically flexible element may be made of a sheet of fabric material, rubber or plastic.

In addition, the deflector may be made of mechanically flexible material.

In addition, the restrictive element contains many cuts located parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the brush.

In addition, the restriction element and the deflector can be located on the second side of the brush, from which the brush elements leave the nozzle body during rotation of the brush, the second side being opposite the first side relative to the axis of the brush.

In addition, the rubber scraper element comprises a switching unit for switching the rubber scraper element to the closed position, in which the rubber scraper element is adapted to move or erase dirt and / or liquid particles from the surface to be cleaned while moving the cleaning device along the surface to be cleaned forward. in which the element of the rubber scraper, when viewed in the direction of movement of the cleaning device, is located behind the brush, and also to switch the element of the rubber scraper in from an indoor position in which particles of dirt and / or liquid from the surface to be cleaned can enter the suction region through the hole between the rubber scraper element and the surface when the cleaning device is moved over the surface in the backward direction, in which the rubber scraper element when viewed in the direction of movement of the device for cleaning located in front of the brush.

In addition, the linear mass density of the plurality of brush elements, at least at the end parts, is less than 150 g per 10 km, preferably less than 20 g per 10 km.

In addition, the drive unit is configured to perform centrifugal acceleration on the end parts of the brush elements, which is, in particular, during the period of the mud discharge, in the absence of contact of the brush elements with the surface when the brush rotates, at least 3000 m / s ² , more preferably at least 7000 m / s ² and most preferably 12000 m / s ² .

In addition, the drive unit is made when the device is capable of carrying out the angular speed of the brush in the range from 3000 to 15000 rpm, more preferably in the range from 5000 to 8000 rpm.

In addition, the brush has a diameter in the range of 10 to 100 mm, more preferably in the range of 20 to 80 mm, most preferably in the range of 35 to 50 mm, when the brush elements are in a fully straightened state when the brush rotates.

In addition, the packing density of the brush elements is at least 30 tufts of brush elements per 1 cm ² , and the number of brush elements in the bundle is at least 500.

In addition, the device may include a vacuum device to create a reduced pressure in the suction region between the nozzle body and the brush. In addition, the vacuum device referred to in the preceding paragraph is configured to create a reduced pressure in the range of 3 to 70 mbar, preferably in the range of 4 to 50 mbar, and most preferably in the range of 5 to 30 mbar.

The disadvantages of the described device are the following:

1) the friction of the deflector against the brush creates an additional obstacle and contributes to faster wear of the brush, the mechanism for replacing the brush with a new one is not described,

2) the brush is designed to work indoors, on the street much more water from puddles and much more dust will be sucked into the garbage container, the container will quickly overflow and it will be difficult to remove wet dirt from it,

3) the brush does not have a support, it is heavier than a conventional mop, working with it will quickly get tired of holding it,

4) the brush is described in abstract space, how it is attached, due to which it rotates is not described.

The aim of the invention is the adaptation of a rotating brush for outdoor use for janitors.

The technical result of the invention is

- specification of the location and mounting of the electric motor, its shaft, gear to the brush handle, ensuring the direction of rotation of the brush along an axis parallel to the surface of the road or soil and perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the motor shaft,

- a combination of four functions in the shield - protection against ingress of dirt, water, dust jets on the thrower, limiting the brush rotation height above the ground, a guide for the wiper’s eyes, at what height the brush should be kept, support when turning off or changing the brush rotation speed when working with two hands ,

- protection against the ingress of water from puddles and from rain into the electric motor and battery,

- the ability to control the height of the broom retention in addition to the length of the belt and the height of screwing the handle,

- the ability to hold the broom with one or two hands,

- the ability to replace the brush with a new one or from a metal brush to a plastic one and vice versa,

- the ability to remove snow up to half the length of the expanded bristles of the rotating brush,

- the possibility of scraping ice when installing a metal brush,

- the possibility of sweeping water from a puddle,

- the ability to dig grooves in soft soil when installing a metal brush,

- facilitation of sweeping wet leaves from wet asphalt,

- an increase in labor productivity when cleaning dry garbage, leaves, flower petals, plant seeds, dust compared to a conventional broom,

- safer and smoother sweeping of snow from the roof, especially from its edges,

- a decrease in the tiredness of the janitor in the absence of waving movements compared to a conventional broom,

- the absence of oscillations of the motor shaft and the brush due to the fastening of each of them at two points,

- the ability to disassemble and assemble the broom in case of repair,

- regulation of the rotation speed of the brush,

- unlike an ordinary broom, which can be replaced by garbage on a dustpan, a rotating broom does not collect leaves and branches, but throws them out of the way onto the surrounding lawn,

- by adjusting the height of the brush above the ground until the shield touches the ground, you can adjust its degree of pressing against the road or soil.

This technical result is achieved in that a manual electric battery broom for cleaning snow, ice, earth, leaves and debris, including an electric motor in a ventilated housing, a removable battery, a removable rotating brush, a tube of a handle, a shield, a rotating shaft of an electric motor in a tube of a handle, is characterized in that contains a belt of adjustable length, on the front and sides of the handle tube there are rows of cylinders with threads, the mounting height from the end of the handle tube of adjacent cylinders of different rows is the same with the possibility screwing onto the cylinders of the removable handles, the motor housing and the battery are placed in a box with a door made of materials that are well conductive of heat, the motor housing and the box have bushings, respectively, for screwing in the upper end of the handle tube and screwing it on the upper end of the handle tube, the motor housing sleeve at least twice as long as the box sleeve, the broom rotation switch and the broom rotation speed controller, which is the rheostat, are displayed on the front wall of the box m with a variable resistance, having the form of an open ring with a dielectric partition in the place of opening of the ring, the rheostat is placed in a dielectric round box with a dielectric rotating cover with water isolation of the slots between the cover and the box, the cover has a handle and a roller for regulating resistance connected to the electric circuit, the axis of the brush is perpendicular to the motor shaft, the ends of the axis of the brush have perpendicular openings without threads and are placed in hollow axes with perpendicular openings with threads d, cylinders with caps on one side and cylindrical holes with threads on the other side are screwed into the holes, into which bolts are screwed with the possibility of removing the brush axis from the hollow axes and replacing the brush, caps of bolts and cylinders are large about 1 cm in diameter and have notches for screwdrivers, the lower end of the motor shaft and one of the hollow axes contact through an angular bevel gear, hollow axes rotate in the holes in the U-shaped holder, the motor shaft rotates in the ring hole at the end of the handle tube, to the holder and a handle is screwed on to the handle tube, the lower edge of the side walls of which is lower than the lower edge of the rear wall, the back wall of the shield is curved and obscures the rear and upper surfaces of the brush.

In addition, the lower end of the motor shaft is connected to the handle tube and the hollow axes into which the brush axis is inserted are connected to the holes in the ends of the U-shaped holder through screw-in bearings having threads on the inner surface of the inner ring and on the outer surface of the outer ring and protrusions on outer and inner rings for screwing with a wrench or socket wrench.

Description of figures

The figures show the following images.

In FIG. 1 - a broom with two handles as a whole in a vertical frontal slice AA (the tube of the broom handle is disproportionately increased to demonstrate the connections), in FIG. 2 - a broom with one handle as a whole, side view, in FIG. 3 - inverted screw-in bearing on a horizontal cut BB, in FIG. 4 - enlarged inverted screw-in bearing on the frontal section AA, rotated 90 degrees, in FIG. 5 is an inverted screw-in bearing, a bottom view of BB, in FIG. 6 is an enlarged detachable brush attachment in the frontal section AA, in FIG. 7 - detachable brush mount in vertical section G-D, in FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a motor connection; FIG. 9 - brush rotation speed controller on the frontal section DD, in FIG. 10 - brush rotation speed controller on a vertical cut EE.

The numbers in the figures indicate the following.

In FIG. 1, 2 and lower: 1 - a hollow tube of a broom handle, 2 - a stator of an electric motor, 3 - a rotor of an electric motor, 4 - an electric motor case, 5 - a rain box, 6 - a rain door, 7 - a housing sleeve 4 for screwing the electric motor into tube 1, 8 - sleeve for screwing boxes 5 onto the tube 1, 9 - electric motor shaft, 10 - cylinders with thread for screwing the handles, 11 - handles, 12 - 1 bearing screwed into the tube, 13 - horizontal bevel gear, 14 - a vertical gear wheel of an angular bevel gear, 15 - a hollow axle of wheels 14, 16 - replaceable roller rotating brush, 17 - U-shaped metal brush holder 16, 18 - plastic shield, 19 - screws securing the shield 18 into the holes in the holder 17, 20 - detachable brush mounts, 21 - screw-in axle bearings 15, 22 - a hollow axis for attaching the distal end of the brush, 23 - an axial bearing 22, 24 - a screw for attaching the flap to the hole in the tube 1, 25 - an adjustable length belt, 26 - a removable battery, 27 - a ledge of the battery in the form of a parallelepiped, 28 - a groove in the housing an electric motor for installing the protrusion of the battery, 29 - loop for milling p mnya 25, 30 - the switch 31 - the brush rotation speed regulator.

In FIG. 3-5: 32 - the outer ring of the bearing, 33 - the inner ring of the bearing, 34 - the thread of the outer ring, 35 - the thread of the inner ring, 36 - balls, 37 - the flanges, 38 - the protrusions for a wrench or socket wrench.

In FIG. 6-7: 39 - brush axis of the brush, 40 - cylinder, 41 - cylinder head, 42 - bolt screwed into the cylinder 40, 43 - brush bristles 16, 44 - cylindrical hole with thread in the cylinder 40.

In FIG. 8: 45 - electric motor.

In FIG. 9-10: 46 - rheostat in the form of an open ring, 47 - dielectric partition, 48 - dielectric waterproof housing, 49 - axis of rotation of the rheostat head, 50 - waterproof round cover, 51 - ring-shaped side of the housing 48, 52 - conductive roller, 53 - rotary handle of the rheostat head, 54 - wiring wires, 55 - ring-shaped protrusion on the edge of the cover 50, 56 - ring-shaped groove on the side 51, 57 - axis of the roller 52, 58 - disk on axis 49 for supporting the cover 50, 59 - screw at the top of axis 49 , 60 - screw washer 59.

Description of the invention

In FIG. 1, 2 shows an electronic broom for wipers in general. The upper part of the broom is fundamentally little different from drills, rotary hammers, drilling machines and consists of an electric motor with a stator 2 and rotor 3 located in the housing 4, and a removable battery 26. The battery has a protrusion 27 in the shape of a parallelepiped, it corresponds to a groove 28 in the housing 4. In the groove 28 contains 4 plates (not shown in figure 1 due to the fineness of the image, with which the inputs and outputs of the rotor and stator are connected. The protrusion 27 contains protruding brackets (not shown in FIG. 1 due to the fineness of the image), on which the battery inputs and outputs are brought out, and which correspond to the said plates and come into contact with them when the protrusion 27 is inserted into the groove 28, the brackets provide electrical contact and do not allow the protrusion 27 to be pulled out of the groove 28 without additional efforts. so that the protrusion of the battery 27 does not fall out of the groove 28. It is also used to secure the battery of the broom.The lock is a lever with a protrusion on one shoulder and a spring under the second shoulder. The lock is mounted on the motor housing near the edge of the bottom wall of the battery. The lever is parallel to the direction of removal (up) of the protrusion 27 of the battery from the groove 28, that is, parallel to the side wall of the battery. In the closed position of the lock, the spring presses the protrusion at the end of the lever into the hole in the side wall of the battery 26, not allowing the latter to be removed. When a lever with a spring is pressed with a finger on the shoulder, the protrusion on the other shoulder is removed from the hole in the battery housing and releases the battery. Such locks are placed on both sides on the side walls of the battery for pressing with the thumb and forefinger of the hand that takes the battery out of slot 27. That is, the device corresponds to modern industrially produced removable batteries in drilling machines, mentioned, for example, in paragraph 1 of the prior art, therefore shown in the figures, in addition, an increase in FIG. 1 is too small to see.

Unlike drilling machines, the described device has rain protection in the form of a box 5 with a hermetically sealed door 6 on top. The edges of the door have bends so that rain water does not get inside the box 5. The box 5 and the door 6 are made of a material that conducts heat well, such as sheet metal or heat-conducting plastic. There are slots in the housing 4 so that under the action of the rotor 3 rotation, air circulates inside it and inside the box 5 and cools the electric motor, transferring heat to the box 5 and door 6, which in turn transfer heat to the surrounding outside air.

Unlike a drilling machine, an electric motor shaft 9 is inserted and attached to it inside the rotor, which rotates inside the hollow tube 1, which serves as a broom handle. The fastening of the housing 4 and the box 5 to the handle 1 is made with the possibility of disconnecting them from the handle 1. The sleeve 7 of the housing 4 has a thread outside, screwed into the thread at the upper end inside the tube 1. The sleeve 8 of the box 5 has a thread inside, screwed onto the thread at the upper end outside the tube 1. Sleeve 7 is longer than sleeve 8 by the height of sleeve 8, so that it is possible to first insert sleeve 7 into sleeve 8, screw sleeve 7 into pipe 1, and then screw sleeve 8 onto sleeve 1. On the side and front surfaces of tube 1 are identical threaded cylinders 10 for screwdriver handles 11. There are at least three cylinders on each side in one row, three rows, adjacent cylinders of different rows are at the same height from the end of tube 1. Handle 1 has a cylindrical groove with a thread corresponding to the thread of cylinder 10. either 2 handles are screwed onto the cylinders on the sides of the tube 1 for two-handed operation, as shown in FIG. 1, or one handle in front of the tube 1 for one-handed operation, as shown in FIG. 2. So that the shaft 9 does not hang inside the tube 1, it is mounted at two points - inside the rotor 3 and near the end of the tube 1 far from the electric motor. Near the far end of the tube 1, the shaft 9 either creeps in or through a ring at the end of the tube, the diameter of the hole on which a millimeter is smaller than the diameter of the shaft 9, or through the bearing 12, as shown in FIG. 1. In the first case, making a brush will be easier and cheaper, but the friction of the shaft against the ring is greater, in the second case, the friction is less, but the bearing is more expensive than the ring. The brush 16 has an axis perpendicular to the shaft 9, an angular bevel gear is used to transmit rotation from the shaft to the axis of the brush. A horizontal gear 13 is screwed onto the shaft 9 in the direction of rotation of the shaft, with which the vertical gear 14 is in contact. The wheel 14 has a hollow axis 15 in which the axis of the brush 16 is fixed using a detachable fastening 20. The second end of the brush is mounted in the hollow axis 22 with the same mount 20, which is described in detail below. Axes 15 and 22 are either threaded directly into the holes at the ends of the U-shaped holder 17, or between them and the holes at the ends of the U-shaped holder 17 bearings 21 and 23 are inserted respectively. The U-shaped holder 17 is made of metal and welded to the lower end of the tube 1 on the side to support the brushes 16. To protect the wiper from splashes of water, dirt, dust and debris flying off when the brushes rotate, a light plastic shield 18 is installed, which is screwed to the tube 1 with a screw 24 and screwed to the back of the U-shaped holder with screws 19 17. The shield has three more oz. It limits the height of the brush lowering: when brushing the rotating axis of the brush on the ground, the brush will bounce in a random direction, so if the wiper arm is too low, the brush rests with the shield in the ground, which prevents the brush's rotating axis from contacting the ground. In addition, the lower edge of the shield serves as a guide for the eyes of the janitor, at what height to hold the brush. He does not see the brush itself, it is obscured by a shield, its edges rotate quickly. Another function of the shield is described below - it is the support of the brush when it is turned off or the brush rotation speed changes when working with two hands. To reduce the load on the hands of the janitor, the brush is equipped with a belt of adjustable length 25, which will pass through the metal loop 29 welded to the handle 1 behind it. By adjusting the length of the belt and the level of screwing the handles 11 to the cylinders 10, you can adjust the brush to the growth of the janitor. At present, two types of adjustable length belts are common in everyday life, any of which can be used to support the broom: 1) a belt with a buckle and a spoke at one end and a number of holes at the second end, as on a waist belt of trousers, 2) a belt, having two latches in the shape of a rectangle and a rectangle with a jumper in the middle, such a belt will pass into the first rectangle without a jumper, pass through the jumper of the second rectangle, return to the first rectangle with the formation of a loop, then again pass through the second Rectangle by two edge sides thereof parallel to the jumper as bags on the belts, thus securing the belt occurs due to rubbing together of its parts in a rectangle with a bridge.

On the front wall of the box 5, a switch 30 and a rotational speed controller of the brush 31 are brought out (Fig. 2). When working with one hand, they are easy to use with the second hand. To turn off the broom or change the speed of its rotation with two hands, the wiper tilts the broom forward, rests it on the front lower edge of the shield, releases one hand and performs the necessary actions. Two-handed work is provided in case a person who has little strength works with a broom - a child, an old, sick or tired person. It’s hard for him to steer the broom with one hand, so he works with both hands. Most workers will choose to work with one hand, so there will be no problems switching off.

To change the battery 26, you need to open the cover 6, remove the battery and insert a new one instead, then close the cover 6. In case of working with ice, when the power consumption is high, the brush should have 4 batteries in a set. Since the janitor does not hold the batteries by hand, and they, together with the broom, hang on the belt, the mass of the battery can be increased to 1 kg, respectively, and its power will also be increased in comparison with the batteries of drilling machines.

The brush 16 is gradually abraded by friction on the ground, it can be replaced with a new one. To work with ice and digging grooves, a brush with a metal pile is also placed.

Unlike the drilling machine, the direction of rotation of the shaft 9 is one-sided; it is indicated in FIG. 2. When rotating in the opposite direction, the dirt will fly out from under the shield onto the wiper, so the second direction of rotation is not used. The lower edges of the side walls of the flap are about 1 cm lower than the lower edge of the back wall of the flap so that the brush protrudes from the rear corner when throwing in an inclined position when the electric motor is tilted back from the strictly vertical position of the tube 1.

The individual parts of the brush are shown in detail in an enlarged view.

In FIG. 3-5 a screw-in bearing is shown. This may be a bearing 12, 21 or 23. It contains, like all bearings, an outer ring 32, an inner ring 33, balls 36, beads against slipping of the balls 37, but its peculiarity is that a thread 34 is made on the outer surface of the ring 32, the inner surface of the ring 33 has a thread 35, and also the rings 32, 33 have a protrusion 38 for wrapping with a wrench or socket wrench. The bearing 12 is screwed onto the thread of the shaft 9 by the thread 35 and screwed into the thread at the end of the tube 1 by the thread 34. The bearings 21 and 23 are screwed into the holes in the ends of the U-shaped holder 17 and screwed onto the threads outside the axes 15, 22, respectively. The directions of screwing and screwing are aligned with the directions of rotation of the shaft 9 and the axis of the brush 16, so that the bearings do not turn out during the operation of the broom. Bearings reduce friction in the shaft 9 and in the axes 15, 22. You can do without bearings, but then friction and energy consumption will increase, then you need a more powerful battery.

In FIG. 6-7 show the detachable mount of the brush 20 at high magnification. Specifically shown is the attachment of the axis 39 to the axis 15 of the gear 14. The attachment of the axis 22 to the axis 39 of the brush looks similar, mirror symmetrical. A circular threaded hole is made in the walls of the hollow axis 15 into which a cylinder 40 is threaded from the outside. The axis of the brush 39 has a threaded hole at the end, a cylinder 40 is inserted into it. The cylinder 40 has a cap 41 at one end, a threaded hole is made at the other end, into which the bolt 42 is screwed. The cap 41 and the cap of the bolt 42 have notches for screwing in with screwdrivers. The hat 41 and the hat of the bolt 42 are large, with a diameter of about 1 cm, so that they can be screwed in by hand in the field without a screwdriver. A screwdriver is used to tighten the bolt 42 more tightly. The brush axis 39 can slide up and down the cylinder 40, but to a small extent limited by the walls of the tube 15. This prevents the use of springs. When it hits an obstacle, the brush moves out, but due to rapid rotation it returns to the center of the structure. This will prevent the brush axis from breaking if accidentally hit hard solid debris. The bristles of the brush 43 are made of either soft polymeric material, as described in the prototype of the invention (prior art, paragraph 12), or of metal. Polymer bristles 43 are used to sweep dust, debris, water, snow, leaves, petals and seeds of plants. Metal bristles 43 are used for scaling ice, loosening the earth and digging ditches. Loosening of the earth is carried out at a minimum speed of the brush. Ice accumulation - at maximum brush speed.

The broom power supply circuit is shown in FIG. 8. The battery 26 supplies current to the electrical circuit with a series connection of the switch 30, the speed controller of the brush 31 and the electric motor 45. The circuit may be complicated by safety devices, but they do not affect the principle of operation.

The rotational speed controller of the brush 31 is shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 9-10. This is a variable resistance rheostat. A simple linear rheostat could be made, but it is difficult to protect it from the ingress of water when it rains. A round plastic housing 48 with an annular side 51 and an annular groove 56 at the bottom of the side 51 and a round plastic cover 50 at the top edge with an annular protrusion 55 corresponding to the groove 56 block the rheostat from the ingress of water from rain. The body and cover are made of dielectric material. The cover 50 has a thickness of at least 5 mm so as not to bend at the edges. It is attached to the axis 49 with support on the disk 58. In the upper end of the axis 49 there is a threaded hole where the screw 59 with the washer 60 is screwed. That is, the cover is fixed between the disk 58 and the washer 60 with the possibility of rotation around the axis 49. The resistor 46 has the form an open ring, a dielectric partition 47 is placed between its ends. Two wires 54 from the circuit shown in FIG. 8, the first is connected - to the end of the rheostat, the second - to the axis 57 of the metal roller 52. Pulling the handle 53, change the angle of rotation of the cover 50 relative to the axis 49 along with the angle of rotation of the roller 52, respectively, the length of the part of the rheostat between the wires 54, and together with it and the resistance of this part of the rheostat, which is proportional to the length of the part of the rheostat between the wires 54, the current strength through the rheostat and stator 2 also changes, and with it the speed of rotation of the rotor 3. The wire 54 connected to the axis 57 of the roller 52 has an allowance, to reach the ro axis face at any position of the handle 53.

The use of an electric broom differs from the use of a conventional broom without rotating parts. The main reason why an electric broom has not yet been put into production is the psychological reason that it is customary to collect garbage with a broom. An ordinary broom sweeps trash onto a dustpan. A vacuum cleaner collects trash and dust in a special chamber. It is inconvenient to collect garbage on the scoop when working with an electric broom. When working outdoors, there is a lot of dust and debris, so it is inconvenient to collect them in the camera: the camera will quickly clog, it will often have to be released. Therefore, the general algorithm for cleaning with an electric broom is different and consists of three stages. At the first stage, the janitor passes and collects with his hands bottles, cans, pieces of paper, cigarette butts, dog feces and other large garbage of unnatural origin, that is, thrown by people and animals with a sheet of paper. Then, at the second stage, it remains to remove the garbage of natural origin, the source of which is plants - twigs, leaves, petals, seeds. It is not necessary to collect garbage of natural origin; it can be thrown with a brush onto the lawn from the road, where it will look natural. When there is a lot of debris of natural origin on the lawn, it can be collected at the third stage in the late spring, summer and early autumn once a month or even once every two months with a rake and carried away in bags or boxes. In October, when there are a lot of leaves, they will have to be raked in bags or boxes every day. Sweeping natural waste onto a lawn with an electric brush will speed up cleaning several times. In wet weather, when the leaves stick to the asphalt, you need to make a lot of sweeping movements with an ordinary broom to tear off the leaves from the asphalt, an electric brush will do it faster. If sweeping occurs in dry weather in a place where there is a lot of dust, the janitor can wear a cheap disposable medical mask and glasses with insulation around the eyes, similar to those supplied with grinders. In such a place, for passing passers-by, it is enough to raise the rotating brush above the ground so that its bristles do not touch the ground. The dust settles quickly, and a small cloud of dust passers-by can take a quick step so that the thinnest layer of dust on their clothes will go unnoticed. From a passing car there is also dust in the air, they do not pay attention to it. In wet weather, the problem of dust in the air is solved by itself. It is possible to sprinkle dusty earth with water from a plastic bottle with a hole in the lid before cleaning with an electric brush, if in some place it is impossible to dust in principle at some time. It happens that a puddle interferes with the passage of pedestrians, and it is necessary to drive it away. If there is no counter slope of the earth, then the rotating brush can quickly move the puddle to a new place on the asphalt or on the lawn. In winter, a broom can be used to remove snow up to half the length of straightened bristles. In this case, the impulse from the brush rotation speed is transmitted to the lumps of snow, giving them linear flight speed and discarding them into the snowdrift. By adjusting the speed of rotation of the brush, you can adjust the distance by which snowballs will fly off. The maximum rotation speed at the ends of the bristles, therefore, the thinner the snow layer, the farther it will fly away.

If the brush is replaced with a brush with metal bristles, then it can scrape off ice. In the summer, there is a need to dig grooves to drain water or to plant plants. A brush with a metal bristle is capable of doing this, scraping the ground layer by layer. At minimum speed, a brush with a metal bristle can be used to loosen the earth, then the earth does not fly off, but settles next to the brush.

In winter, there is a need to sweep snow from a sloping roof. After shoveling, a thin layer of snow with a width of the order of 0.5-1 meters remains on the edges of the roof, which is inconvenient to remove with a shovel. When waving the shovel, recoil is observed, as a result of which you can slip, which is especially dangerous on the edge of the roof. Therefore, because of the fear of falling, workers with a shovel leave a thin layer of snow on the edge of the roof. It can be removed with an electric broom, because its course is smooth without recoil, therefore, the risk of falling is less. A thin layer of snow up to the middle of the length of the spread bristles can also be removed from the roof, where it flies from the brush outside the roof.

An experienced janitor with an electric broom can also remove layer-by-layer and deep snow, above half the length of the spread bristles, but this requires the skill of owning such a broom. Snowmobiles and shovels are more suitable for cleaning deep snow.

Let us evaluate the necessary rotation speed of the brush, based on the fact that the leaves or lumps of snow should fly away from it by 5 meters, which is further than half the width of the road, removed manually (wide roads sweep cars). Assume that the impulse from the rotation of the ends of the bristles 43 is transmitted to the leaves or lumps of snow without loss, and the speed of the ends of the brushes is approximately equal to the initial flight speed of the leaves or lumps of snow. This is possible when sweeping dry snow in frost or dry leaves. We will also not take into account air resistance when flying a leaf or a lump of snow. Then the task of determining the initial speed of leaves or lumps of snow equal to the speed of rotation of the ends of the bristles, proportional to the frequency of rotation of the brush, is reduced to the standard school task of a body thrown at an angle to the horizontal.

The ends of the bristles 43 describe a circle whose length l is equal to

Here r is the length of the expanded bristles 43. The initial flight speed of the leaves or lumps of snow V ₀ equal to the speed of rotation of the ends of the bristles is

Here ν is the brush rotation frequency. The vertical component of the initial velocity of the leaf or snow lump V _0Y is expressed from the equation

Here t is the flight time of a leaf or a lump of snow, g is the acceleration of gravity on Earth. The condition in formula 3 is written for the end point of the flight of a sheet or lump of snow, which first slows down to zero of the vertical component of the velocity at the highest point of flight, then falls, accelerating to the initial speed with the opposite sign near the ground itself. From equation 3 follows

The horizontal component of the initial velocity V _0X will be expressed from the equation

Here x is the coordinate of the position of the sheet or lump of snow in the projection onto the horizontal axis, α is the angle of inclination of the initial velocity vector V ₀ to the horizontal axis.

From equations 2, 7 it follows

Take r = 4 cm = 0.04 m, α = 45 °, x = 5 m. The angle of 45 ° and the distance of 5 m are average, some lumps of snow or leaves fly out from other angles and fall farther or closer than 5 meters, but most 5 m out of them

In the prototype application (prior art paragraph 12), the recommended brush rotation speed is from 3000 to 15000 rpm, the optimal brush rotation speed is from 5000 to 8000 rpm. That is, in comparison with the prototype brush, the proposed broom brush has a lower rotational speed, which is its advantage, since the lower the rotational speed, the more energy is saved. In case of repair, the brush can be disassembled. For this, the brush is removed from the fasteners 20, the bearings 12, 21, 23 are turned out, of which the shaft 9 and the axles 15, 22 are unscrewed, the wheel 13 is screwed from the shaft 9, the bushings 7 and 8 from the tube 1, the shaft 9 is removed from the tube 1 and from bushings 7, 8, the shield 18 is unscrewed from the holder 17 and the tube 1.

Claims (2)

1. Manual electric battery broom for cleaning snow, ice, earth, leaves and debris, including an electric motor in a ventilated case, a removable battery, a removable rotating brush, a tube of a handle, a shield, a rotating shaft of an electric motor in a tube of a handle, characterized in that it contains an adjustable belt lengths, on the front and sides of the handle tube there are rows of threaded cylinders, the mounting height from the end of the handle tube of adjacent cylinders of different rows is the same with the possibility of screwing removable handles onto the cylinders from the electric motor and the battery are placed in a box with a door made of materials that are well conductive of heat, the motor housing and the box have bushings, respectively, for screwing into the upper end of the handle tube and screwing it from the outside to the upper end of the handle tube, the motor housing sleeve is no less than twice, the broom rotation switch and the broom rotation speed controller, which is a variable resistance rheostat, having the form open ring with a dielectric partition in the place of opening of the ring, the rheostat is placed in a dielectric round box with a dielectric rotating cover with water insulation of the slots between the cover and the box, the cover has a handle and a roller for regulating resistance connected to the electric circuit, the axis of the brush is perpendicular to the motor shaft, the ends the brush axes have holes without a thread perpendicular to it and are placed in hollow axes with threaded holes perpendicular to them, cylinders with caps are screwed into the holes on the one hand and threaded cylindrical holes, on the other hand, into which bolts are screwed with the possibility of removing the brush axis from the hollow axes and replacing the brush, the caps of bolts and cylinders are large, about 1 cm in diameter, and have notches for screwdrivers, the lower end of the motor shaft and one of the hollow axes is contacted through an angular bevel gear, the hollow axes rotate in the holes in the U-shaped holder, the motor shaft rotates in the hole of the ring at the end of the handle tube, the shield is screwed to the holder and handle tube, the lower edge b postglacial wall which is located below the lower edge of the rear wall, the rear wall flap obscures and bent back and the upper surface of the brush. 2. A manual electric battery broom for cleaning snow, ice, earth, leaves and debris according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the motor shaft is connected to the handle tube and the hollow axes into which the brush axis is inserted are connected to the holes in the ends of P -shaped holder through screw-in bearings having threads on the inner surface of the inner ring and on the outer surface of the outer ring and protrusions on the outer and inner rings for screwing with a wrench or socket wrench.

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