RU2709582C2 - Take-off and landing site and method for construction thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aerodrome and road construction, in particular to take-off and landing areas for vertical take-off and landing of aircrafts, and can be used in construction of field airfields as taxiways, highways, sites for process equipment, and so forth, used in hard-to-access areas, in areas with complex engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions, on weak soils. Take-off and landing site consists of underlying layer made of geonet, rolled on soil base; a bearing layer made of extruded reinforced expanded polystyrene formed on an underlying layer between the formwork; anchors to the ground from screw piles, jamming along the perimeter of the bearing and underlying layers to the ground; protective layer made of epoxy resin-based mastic with finely dispersed schungite applied on bearing layer from above. Besides, its erection method is described.

EFFECT: technical result is improved physical and mechanical characteristics of takeoff and landing sites in hard-to-reach areas and areas with complex engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions, on weak soils, reduced time of their erection.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of airfield and road construction, in particular, to runways for vertical take-off and landing of aircraft, and may find application in the construction of field airfields as taxiways, roads, platforms for technological equipment, etc. used in hard-to-reach areas, in areas with complex engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions, on weak soils.

Currently, the big problem is the work of aviation in hard-to-reach areas, as well as in areas with difficult engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions, on soft soils, since the known composition of the runway (runway) containing a bearing layer of cement concrete material, the underlying layer of crushed stone, gravel, sand or a mixture thereof, with an additional deck of logs with a diameter of at least 18 cm, firmly bonded to each other [Goretsky LI, Boguslavsky AM, Serebrennikov VA The construction of airfields. - M.: Transport, 1991, p. 214-247, - prototype], has the following disadvantages:

- high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of frost resistance of the material of the carrier layer, which results in freezing and heaving of the soil after freezing and thawing cycles to excessive load on the carrier layer and its destruction;

- low coefficient of frost resistance of the material of the carrier layer, which leads to surface temperature destruction of the carrier layer from the effects of aircraft loads, spalling of the corners of plates, chips in transverse and grooved joints, longitudinal and transverse cracks, causing cuts and punctures of aircraft tires, which directly affects safety and regularity of flights;

- hygroscopicity of the material of the carrier layer, leading to the development of cracks in the carrier layer of vegetation, requires constant care for the runway.

A known method of erecting such a runway, consisting of two stages of work: excavation and installation of runway cover; in which excavation work includes geodetic breakdown of the runway site, clearing a site from shrubs and other plants, cutting and moving the soil layer, preparing and draining the soil base, strengthening the soil with cementitious materials, compacting the soil base, installing formwork necessary for the formation of the side walls of the bearing layer of cement concrete material; installation of runways includes the manufacture of reinforced coatings and their laying on a prepared foundation between formwork, laying of cement-concrete mixture and its distribution throughout the entire runway size between formwork, sealing and surface finishing; arrangement of expansion joints in cement concrete [Goretsky L.I., Boguslavsky A.M., Serebrennikov V.A. The construction of airfields. - M.: Transport, 1991, p. 214-247, - prototype], has the following disadvantages:

- a long construction period due to the large volume of work performed;

-dependence on engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions during the construction of runways;

- large labor and material costs.

The technical result of the invention is to shorten the construction time and increase the load-bearing capacity of runways in hard-to-reach areas, in areas with difficult engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions, on soft soils, reduce labor and material costs.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a runway coating in a section with layers spaced in structure before the formation of the carrier layer; in FIG. Figure 2 shows the runway coverage in a section with layers spaced in structure after the formation of the carrier layer.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that:

1. The proposed runway consists of an underlying layer 1 - a geogrid rolled on a soil base 5 to stabilize it; the carrier layer 2 - extruded reinforced polystyrene foam formed on the underlying layer between the formwork 4; fastenings to the ground - screw piles 6, pinching to the ground the edges of the carrier with the underlying layers along the perimeter of the runway; the protective layer 3 - mastics based on epoxy resins with the content of finely dispersed schungite deposited on top of the carrier layer 2 to counter the aggressive effects of combustible and lubricating materials on the runway and increase the adhesion of the aircraft chassis with it.

2. The method of construction of the runway, consisting of two stages of work: excavation and installation of the site, includes at the stage of earthwork - geodetic breakdown for runway, clearing a site from shrubs and other plants, cutting the vegetation layer of the soil and moving it, preparing soil base 5 and placement around the perimeter of formwork 4; at the stage of installation of the site - rolling out on the prepared soil base - the underlying layer 1 - geogrid (corresponding in type and type depending on the soil condition), installation between the formwork 4 to a predetermined height from the underlying layer 1 of the mold 7 with valve 8, to form the carrier layer, pouring polystyrene foam under pressure valve 8 through the valve 8, and reinforcing it by introducing dispersed organometallic fiber into it (particle size 5-10 mm), holding for some time until complete and extruding polystyrene and forming a carrier layer 2, removing the mold 7 with a valve 8, installing ground fasteners - screw piles 6 and pinching along the perimeter of the edge of the carrier and underlying layers to the ground, applying a protective layer 3 - mastics on top of the carrier layer 2 - based on epoxy resins with fine shungite.

The tests obtained runway completely confirmed the correctness of the design and technological solutions.

The proposed technical solution made it possible to obtain runways with high physical and mechanical characteristics. Compared with the prototype, the proposed runway has the following properties:

- high initial strength corresponding to the concrete grade M300, stability of the geometric dimensions of the surface under load when changing the temperature regimes of its operation;

- high bearing capacity on soft soils in areas with complex engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions under high dynamic and statistical loads [see, for example, Newchemistry.ru // Geogrids: application, types, technology: [site]. [2015]. URL: http://newchemistry.ru/fold.php?cat_id=8&cat_parent=4 (accessed: 05/12/2017)];

- short construction time, high performance with a significant reduction in labor and material costs;

- low thermal conductivity, while 20 mm of thickness corresponds to 420 mm of masonry, as well as durability, environmental cleanliness, a wide range of application temperatures from -70 to + 75 ° C;

- great water and biostability, in particular, zero hygroscopicity; resistance to decay and the formation of fungi, resistance to aggressive soil, durability and environmental cleanliness [see, for example, Am-vrn.ru // Extruded polystyrene BatePlex: [site]. [2015]. URL: http://am-vrn.ru/ekstrudirovanniy-penopolistirol/eksrudirovanniy-penopolistirol-batepleks.html (accessed: 05/12/2017)];

- high coefficient of frost resistance, which provides the best indicators of crack resistance and shear resistance after freezing and thawing cycles;

- incombustibility, intrinsic safety of the upper runway coating layer. Does not spark when struck with metal objects;

- maintainability [see, for example, Alfapol.ru // Shungit: application in construction: [site]. [2015]. URL: http://alfapol.ru/tegs/radioekraniruyushhie-poly (accessed: 05/12/2017)].

The indicated characteristics of the proposed runway allow you to fully maintain the specified initial surface height at relatively high loads, eliminate the need for expansion joints, increase the evenness, strength and durability of runways (service life more than 50 years). At the same time, the requirements for the bearing capacity of the underlying layer — crushed stone, sand cushions and soils — are reduced, due to the high thermal insulation properties, soil freezing is eliminated, the effects of heaving are negated [see, for example, Am-vrn.ru // Extruded BatePlex polystyrene foam: [site ]. [2015]. URL: http://am-vrn.ru/ekstrudirovanniy-penopolistirol/ekstrudirovanniy-penopolistirol-batepleks.html (accessed: 05/12/2017)].

The proposed technical solution provides the following advantages: simplicity and ease of use (low weight, the ability to be processed using conventional cutting tools), good workability and easy sealing, which allows to provide standard indicators of flatness and compaction ratio, while reinforcing with a metal mesh during installation, low cost, allows you to replace more expensive and less technological methods of strengthening; reduces the area of allotted land and the costs associated with land allotment; the possibility of using local soil.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, since standard equipment, devices used in engineering can be used for its implementation, and it is advisable in conditions of bogging, permafrost soils, one-dimensional sandy, gravel and crushed stone soils, as well as in transitions of small watercourses and natural barriers in the form ravines, hollows, etc. up to 10 m wide, provided load-bearing capacity is provided.

Using the proposed technical solution will reduce the construction time of runways, reduce labor and material consumption, due to the durability of the runway cover, as well as increase the load-bearing capacity of runways in hard-to-reach areas, in areas with difficult engineering-geological, hydrological and climatic conditions, on soft soils, increase the efficiency and safety of the entire airfield complex.

Claims (2)

1. The runway containing the carrier layer and the underlying layer, characterized in that the underlying layer is made of a geogrid rolled on a soil base, and the carrier layer is made of extruded reinforced polystyrene formed on the underlying layer between the formwork, further comprises fastenings to the ground from screw piles, jamming along the perimeter of the edges of the bearing and underlying layers to the ground, as well as a protective layer made of mastic based on epoxy resins with a fine content schungite applied on top of the carrier layer. 2. The method of construction of the runway according to claim 1, consisting of two stages of work: excavation and installation of the site, which consists in the fact that at the stage of excavation, a geodetic breakdown is carried out under the runway, clearing the area from shrubs and other plants, cutting the vegetative layer of the soil and moving it, preparing the soil base, placing on it around the perimeter of the formwork; after excavation at the stage of installation of the site, the underlying layer is rolled out on a soil base, a mold with a valve is installed between the formwork to a predetermined height from the underlying layer, the polystyrene foam, which is in a fluid state under pressure, is poured through the valve and reinforced by introducing dispersed organometallic fiber, withstand for some time until the extrusion of polystyrene is completely completed, the mold with the valve is removed, fastenings to the ground are installed and jammed around the perimeter to Single carrier and underlying layers to the ground, a protective layer is applied.

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