RU2708695C1 - Method for measuring complex mechanical deformations by means of amorphous metal band and device for calibration of sensitive element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of deformation control measuring equipment. Technical result is achieved by using amorphous ribbon Fe80-xCoxP14B6 fixed on investigated object in pre-stressed state, and characteristics of magnetic hysteresis loop are registered at specified magnetizing field. Calculation of separate components of complex deformation is performed by calibration data for characteristics of magnetic hysteresis loop at different values. For calibration there used is device consisting of sensitive element in form of narrow amorphous tape, exciting and receiving coils, recording device and containing electromechanical system including two step motors for creation of two components of deformation – tension and torsion.

EFFECT: possibility to distinguish type and characteristics of deformation at their measurement.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Application area

A method for measuring complex mechanical deformations using an amorphous metal tape and a calibration device relate to the field of measurement technology for monitoring mechanical deformations, force, mechanical moment, etc. The method can find application in various fields of industry: process control systems, telemetry systems, construction, mechanics, etc.

State of the art

Known differential transformer magnetoelastic force sensor [1], containing a sensing element in the form of a magnetoelastic cylinder, on the surface of which there is made a Central groove located perpendicular to its axis with an excitation winding and two mutually parallel, located at an angle of 25-35 ° to the Central groove and touching its lateral grooves with measuring windings wound therein. The measuring windings are electrically switched on. Angled positioning of the windings extends the measuring range of the sensor. The disadvantage of this method is the ability to register only bending deformation.

The patent [2] describes a vector two-coordinate transducer of mechanical forces, the principle of action of which is the anisotropy of magnetic properties that occurs in a material under the influence of external mechanical forces. The device contains a magnetoelastic sensing element with contact pads for directional transmission of the force components, one excitation winding and two measurement windings of the horizontal and vertical components of the force vector, in which the plane in which the measurement winding of the horizontal component of the force vector is located lies on the axis of the vertical component of the force vector and rotated relative to the axis of the horizontal component of the force vector by an angle of 45 °, and the plane in which the measuring coil of the vertical component is located nti of the force vector, lies on the axis of the horizontal component of the force vector and is rotated relative to the axis of the vertical component of the force vector by an angle of 45 °. The device allows you to independently measure the horizontal and vertical components of the force. The disadvantage of this method is the ability to respond only to components of the tensile-compression strain.

A known method of measuring force [3] and a device that implements this method. The method includes applying a loading force to a magnetoelastic element made of magnetostrictive material, exciting it from an alternating current source, and measuring a change in electric voltage on the magnetoelastic element. The loading force is applied to the magnetoelastic element perpendicular to its axis, alternating current or voltage is applied to the magnetoelastic element at the frequency of manifestation of the surface effect, and the change, respectively, in voltage or current is measured by changing the "surface" resistance of the magnetoelastic element. The loading force is applied to the magnetoelastic element along its entire length. Fulfillment of the requirement of perpendicularity of the force to the axis of the magnetoelastic element ensures the manifestation of the magnetoelastic effect: the lines of action of the mechanical forces should preferably coincide with the magnetic lines of force. If the magnetoelastic element is stretched (the force is directed along the axis), then the magnetoelastic effect will not manifest itself and there will be no change in the "surface" resistance. The disadvantage of this method is the ability to measure only one component of the force.

In the patent [4] a method for measuring strain and a device for its implementation. The proposed method includes local magnetization of the measuring element with subsequent registration of the scattering magnetic field. In this case, multidirectional local magnetization of one or several predetermined portions of the measuring element made of a material with the piezomagnetic effect of the remanent state is carried out. Then the measuring element is repeatedly loaded and unloaded to a deformation exceeding the maximum working deformation, as a result of which the irreversible part of the magnetization of the measuring element is removed and the quasi-reversible part of the local multidirectional magnetization remains. After this, under a given load, local magnetization of one or more predetermined sections of the measuring element made of a material with magnetoelastic hysteresis is carried out. Then, the strain is measured at predetermined sites by measuring the tangential component of the scattering magnetic field at some predetermined sites with the piezomagnetic effect of the remanent magnetization and at other predetermined sites with magnetoelastic hysteresis of the measuring element using a scanning device with a flux probe. According to the magnetogram, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the tangential components of the scattering magnetic field is determined. The value of the measuring element’s deformation acting at the time of measurement is calculated from the magnitude of the difference in tension at the maximum and minimum of the scattering magnetic field in predetermined areas with piezomagnetic properties. The disadvantage of the proposed method is the ability to measure only tensile strain.

GTM GmbH (Germany) offers a 2D sensor of complex load (tensile-torsion - Tension-torsion combination, measured values are force F _x and torque M _z ) based on a combination of own K-series force sensors and M-series torque sensors [5] . The system is used as control sensors in equipment for testing tensile materials with torsion. The linear sensors used have a nominal force measurement range of ± 4 - ± 630 kN with a corresponding linear deformation of 71-320 μm and a resolution of 1% of the nominal value. The used torque sensors of the M series have a nominal range of measuring torque of 2-500 N⋅m with a resolution of 1% of the nominal value and a corresponding torsion angle of 0.007-0.18 radians. The disadvantage of this solution is the complex design of the 2D sensor, which is a purely mechanical combination of two sensors based on different sensitive elements.

The closest analogue of the known technical solutions adopted for the prototype is the method implemented in the sensor of critical elastic tensile stresses from an amorphous metal tape [6]. The device is a frameless design. The sensor contains a thin hollow cylindrical dielectric frame, in which there is a flat elastic holder of non-magnetic material with a sensitive element attached to it in the form of a narrow strip 0.03-0.05 m long, cut out of a high-magnetostrictive amorphous metal strip based on iron (for example, Fe ₆₄ Co ₂₁ B ₁₅ or Fe _81.5 V _13.5 Si ₃ C ₂ ). The length of the cylindrical frame is about two lengths of the sensing element. A copper inductance coil is connected to the sensitive element in its central part, connected through openings in the frame to a trigger device that is triggered when a certain voltage value is exceeded. A copper solenoid is wound onto the cylindrical frame along its entire length, the outputs of which are connected to an adjustable source of constant electric current. An elastic holder made of non-magnetic material is rigidly fixed on both sides by means of fixing devices with rigid inelastic struts, with an elastic plate of non-magnetic material glued to the controlled surface.

The threshold strain is measured as follows. A sensitive element in the form of a narrow strip cut from a high magnetostrictive amorphous metal strip based on iron (for example, Fe ₆₄ Co ₂₁ B ₁₅ or Fe _81.5 B _13.5 Si ₃ C ₂ ) is processed in the temperature range between the Curie temperature and the temperature at which the process begins crystallization, resulting in a pronounced uniaxial anisotropy with a given orientation of the axis of easy magnetization and the magnitude of the induced anisotropy field. Using a solenoidal winding, a constant magnetic field is set in which the sensing element is initially located and oriented along its length. The value of the initial magnetic field is determined by the critical field of the elastic tensile stresses of the surface. With an increase in the value of elastic tensile stresses, the axis of easy magnetization changes orientation, and the magnitude of the induced anisotropy field decreases linearly. Next, the critical elastic stress is determined: at a certain value of elastic tensile stresses determined by the current in the solenoid, the magnetization of the sensing element changes stepwise, causing a single change in the EMF in the receiving coil, which is fixed by the trigger device.

The device allows you to control the critical value of tensile stresses by induction registration of a spasmodic change in the magnetization of a sensitive element from a high magnetostrictive amorphous metal tape. The disadvantage of this method is the ability to respond only to tensile stresses and the threshold nature of the operation when a mechanical stress of a certain value is reached.

In [7], a calibration device for setting the tensile strain of an amorphous tape is described. The deformation is set using calibrated weights, which are attached to the thread, one of the ends of which is rigidly connected to the unsecured end of the tape. The thread is passed through the block and, thus, the gravity of the weights is converted into a horizontally directed force, the stretching tape. The disadvantages of the device is the ability to set only tensile strains of the amorphous tape and an uncomfortable manual way to set the tape tension.

In [8], a calibration device is described for setting the tensile strain of an amorphous metal strip. The tension of an amorphous metal tape 30 cm long is set using a micrometer screw and spring. The tension of the tape is measured by a digital force sensor. The disadvantages of the device is the ability to set only the tensile strains of the amorphous tape and the manual task of the tape tension.

In [9], a calibration device is described, which can be taken as a prototype of the proposed one. The tension of the amorphous metal tape is set using a drum with a drive based on a stepper motor and transmitted to the tape through a brass spring. Tape tension is measured with a commercial force transducer. The disadvantage of this device is the ability to set only tensile strains of the amorphous tape.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result in the proposed method for measuring mechanical strains is to realize the ability to distinguish between the type of strain (tensile compression and torsional strain) and independently measure the characteristics of the components of complex deformation — absolute elongation-compression and twist angle.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that the method of measuring the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations involves magnetizing a sensitive element or its portion, registering a magnetic hysteresis loop and calculating individual components of complex deformation, and an amorphous metal tape Fe is used as a sensitive element_80-xCo_xP₁₄B₆having a magnetoelastic response, and before measuring the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations, a sensor is calibrated in which tensile and torsional deformations are simultaneously set with the simultaneous registration of the magnetic hysteresis loop, then the dependence of the four characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop is determined: maximum induction B_maxachieved at a given value of the magnetizing field H, residual induction B_rem when H = 0, the coercive field H_c, and the squareness of the hysteresis loop expressed in terms of the ratio B_rem/ B_max, from the relative elongation (ε) of the sensing element and the relative angle of its twisting (Θ); and generate calibration data, including graphs and data arrays of characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B_max, B_rem, N_from, and B_rem/ B_maxfor various values of ε and Θ, to measure the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations, the sensitive element is fixed on the studied object in a pretensioned state, the characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B are recorded_max, B_rem, N_from, and B_rem/ B_max and for a given magnetizing field H, and the calculation of the individual components of complex deformation is carried out according to calibration data.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the calibration device consists of a sensitive element in the form of a narrow magnetostrictive amorphous metal tape, exciting and receiving coils, a recording device, and contains an electromechanical system that includes a first stepper motor on a movable carriage, designed to create torsion strain of the sensitive element by turning its shaft around the axis, and a second stepper motor designed to move the associated movable car grid and providing a tensile strain of the sensing element, while the exciting coil has a solenoidal winding and is connected to a master oscillator of sinusoidal oscillations, the receiving coil consists of two identical windings parallel to the space in parallel along the axis of the exciting coil and connected electrically in series and counter-along the induction emf, while the recording device is connected through an integrator to the receiving coil and to the exciting coil. Description of drawings

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a set of magnetic hysteresis loops in a Fe ₄₈ Co ₃₂ P ₁₄ B ₆ ribbon subject to various types of deformations: relative tensile ε (left) and relative twist angle Θ (right). The inset to the left figure shows the values of the maximum achievable saturation induction B _max and the squareness of the loop B _rem / B _max , when a tensile stress σ is applied without twisting the tape (Θ = 0), to the right - the squareness of the loop and the coercive field H _c at various relative angles twisting for an unstretched tape (σ = 0). Here B is magnetic induction, H is the applied magnetizing field, B _rem is the residual induction.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the magnetic hysteresis loops of the Fe ₄₈ Co ₃₂ P ₁₄ B ₆ ribbon under the applied torsion strain (Θ = var). The left graph shows σ = 0 in an unstretched tape, and the right graph shows a tensile stress of σ = 35.7 MPa.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the dependences of B _max , B _rem , and H _c on the relative twist angle Θ for various linear stresses σ.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the dependences of the values of B _max , B _rem , and N _s on the applied tensile stress σ for various relative angles of twisting of the tape Θ.

In FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an installation that implements the proposed method for measuring complex strains.

In FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example implementation of a measurement method. The dotted area refers to the calibration device.

In FIG. 7 shows a magnetometer device. The magnetometer consists of identical receiving coils 12 and 13 connected in series and counterclockwise by induction emf, defining a solenoidal coil 14, which is powered by an alternating voltage generator. Amorphous tape 15 is inserted into one of the receiving coils.

The implementation of the invention

The proposed method for measuring complex strains is based on the magnetoelastic effect. It consists in the fact that when complex mechanical deformations (tension and torsion) are applied to an amorphous rapidly quenched ferromagnetic alloy tape, different dynamics of the magnetic hysteresis loop change depending on the type of mechanical deformation (tension or torsion). Based on this, the ability to distinguish the individual components of complex deformation by a single sensor (sensing element) is achieved. A method for measuring the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations involves magnetizing a sensitive element or its portion, registering a magnetic hysteresis loop, and calculating the individual components of a complex deformation.

As the sensor used an amorphous rapidly quenched ribbon of the alloy Fe ₄₈ Co ₃₂ P ₁₄ B ₆ having magnetoelastic response to which changing magnetic hysteresis loops is different for different types of strain - in the case of compression strain deformation occurs mainly change the saturation magnetization B _max, and in the case of torsion strain, the coercive field H _c and the rectangularity of the loop, determined by the ratio B _rem / B _max [10-11], mainly change. Measurement of these characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop makes it possible to distinguish between the type of deformation.

To illustrate this in FIG. Figure 1 shows the sets of magnetic hysteresis loops for an amorphous Fe ₄₈ Co ₃₂ P ₁₄ B ₆ ribbon subject to various types of deformations: elongation (ε is the elongation of the sensitive element, measured in%) and torsion (Θ is the relative angle of twist, measured in ° / cm). It can be seen that the changes in the hysteresis loop are characterized by four parameters that can be directly measured: the maximum value of the magnetic induction B _max achieved at a given value of the magnetizing field H, the residual induction B _rem at the value H = 0, the coercive field H _c and the squareness of the loop, expressed in terms of the ratio B _rem / B _max .

The tension of the untwisted tape (Θ = 0) leads to a significant increase in the magnetization B and the squareness of the loop B _rem / B _max , while the coercive field H _c changes insignificantly (left graph in Fig. 1). The inset shows the dependence of the maximum induction B _max and the rectangularity of the loop B _rem / B _max with an increase in the mechanical tensile stress σ to 346 MPa. The relative strain ε = σ / Е is calculated on the upper axis, calculated from the known Young's modulus E = 43 GPa. In the case of torsion deformation in the absence of tape tension (σ = 0), on the contrary, the value of the maximum induction B _max for a given magnetizing field practically does not change when the relative twist angle Θ changes to 21 ° / cm. At the same time, the torsion of the tape changes the coercive field H _c and the rectangularity of the loop B _rem / B _max (right graph in Fig. 1).

A significant difference in the nature of the change in the shape of the loop and its parameters makes it possible to determine the individual components of the tensor of mechanical strain ε. Changes in the value of B _max caused by the stretching of the tape, changes in the coercive field H _with - twisting the tape around the axis. In FIG. Figure 2 shows the magnetic hysteresis loops when applying complex tensile-torsion deformation. As can be seen from FIG. 2, with simultaneous stretching and torsion of the tape, an increase in B _{max is} also caused by an increase in tensile deformation, and an increase in the coercive field Н _с is caused by an increase in torsional deformation. The dependences of B _max on ε and H _s on Θ (insets to Fig. 1) can be used to determine the individual components of the tensile-torsion complex tensor.

Before measuring the magnitude of complex mechanical strains, a sensor is calibrated in which tensile and torsional strains are sequentially set while registering a magnetic hysteresis loop. Then, the dependence of the four characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop is determined: the maximum induction B _max achieved at a given value of the magnetizing field H, the residual induction B _rem at H = 0, the coercive field H _c , and the squareness of the hysteresis loop expressed in terms of the ratio B _rem / B _max from the relative elongation (ε) of the sensitive element and the relative angle of its twisting (Θ). After that, calibration data is generated, including graphs and data arrays of characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B _max , B _rem , Н _с and B _rem / B _max for various values of ε and Θ.

In FIG. Figures 3 and 4 show an example of the total dependences of the values of B _max , B _rem, and N _s (calibration data) on the applied linear voltage and relative twist angle, varied in the ranges σ from 0 to 106.2 MPa and Θ from 0 to 76.6 ° / cm, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 3, for all given values of the magnitudes of the magnetic inductions, B _max and B _rem remain approximately constant at various values of Θ, while H _s begins to increase linearly at Θ> 20 ° / cm. From FIG. 4 it follows that a significant increase in B _rem occurs with increasing linear voltage almost the same in the entire range of variation of the relative twist angle Θ.

We illustrate how the dependencies in FIG. 3 and 4, it is possible to determine the components of the complex strain tensor — tension and torsion. As an example, suppose that on the measured magnetic hysteresis loop of a tape subjected to complex tensile-torsional strain, the values of B _rem = 1.15 T and H _c = 50 A / m are obtained. Then from FIG. 4 we obtain that the value of B _rem = 1.15 T corresponds to the value of the linear voltage a between 60 and 85 MPa. Further, from FIG. 3 from the intersection of the line Н _с = 50 A / m with the curves of the dependences H _c (Θ) corresponding to 60 MPa <σ <85 MPa, we find that the interval of the value of величины is very narrow and ranges from 53 to 54 ° / cm. Now, according to the dependence H _c (σ) in FIG. 4 we find that the line Н _с = 50 A / m practically coincides with the curve Н _с (σ) for the value Θ = 53.6 ° / cm in the entire range of relative linear strains ε over 0.05%. Finally, using in FIG. 4, the intersection of the line B _rem = 1.15 T with the curve H _with (σ) for Θ = 53.6 ° / cm, we find the desired value of the applied linear mechanical stress σ = 71 MPa and the corresponding value of the linear strain ε = 0.17%.

Additionally, in FIG. 3 and 4 by vertical lines with arrows pointing to the right indicate the confidence range for detecting multicomponent mechanical strains: Θ> 20 ° / cm and ε> 0.05%.

After calibration of the sensitive element, measurements are made. To determine the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations, the sensitive element is fixed on the studied object in a pre-tensioned state, which allows determining the tensile strain. After that, the characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B _max , B _rem, and H _c are recorded for a given magnetizing field H, and the calculation of the individual components of complex deformation is carried out according to calibration data.

Calibration of the sensor before measuring complex mechanical deformations is carried out using a special device shown in FIG. 6 inside the dotted area. The calibration device consists of a sensitive element in the form of a narrow magnetostrictive amorphous metal tape, an exciting and receiving coil, a recording device. The device is distinguished by the fact that it contains an electromechanical system, including a first stepper motor on a movable carriage, designed to create torsion deformation of the sensing element by rotating its shaft around the axis, a second stepper motor, designed to move the associated movable carriage and providing tensile deformation of the sensing element . The exciting coil has a solenoidal winding and is connected to the master oscillator of sinusoidal oscillations, and the receiving coil consists of two identical windings, parallel oriented in space along the axis of the exciting coil and connected electrically in series and counter-along the induction emf. The recording device is connected through an integrator to the receiving coil and to the exciting coil. During calibration, tensile and torsional deformations are sequentially set with simultaneous registration of the magnetic hysteresis loop, and then the dependence of the four characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop is determined: the maximum induction B _max achieved at a given value of the magnetizing field H, the residual induction B _rem at H = 0, the coercive field H _c and the squareness of the hysteresis loop expressed in terms of the ratio B _rem / B _max from the relative elongation (ε) of the sensing element and the relative twist angle (Θ); and form calibration data, including graphs and data arrays of the characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B _max , B _rem , Н _с , and B _rem / B _max for various values of ε and Θ. To measure the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations, the sensitive element is fixed on the test object in a pre-tensioned state, the characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B _max , B _rem , Н _с , and B _rem / B _max for a given magnetizing field H are recorded, and the individual components of complex deformation are calculated using calibration data.

The described method is implemented as follows. To calibrate the sensitive element for various values of complex deformation, a setup was used, the block diagram of which is shown in FIG. 5. The sensor consists of an alternating voltage generator supplying a magnetometer master coil, an integrator (passive, active or digital) and a recording device, which can be used as a storage oscilloscope or other other recording device.

The installation comprises (Fig. 6): a low-frequency magnetometer 3 for detecting magnetic hysteresis loops, the driving coil of which is powered by an alternating voltage generator 2; a digital oscilloscope 5, to one input of which a signal is proportional to the current in the driving coil, and to the second - a signal from the receiving coil integrated using an active analog integrator 4; an electromechanical system based on stepper motors 9 and 10 to create complex tensile-torsional deformation, the controller 11 and the beam strain gauge 6 for measuring the tensile force applied to the tape. The signal from the strain gauge is fed to the input of a precision instrumentation amplifier 7, the amplified signal is recorded by a digital voltmeter. The oscilloscope, the controller of the stepper motors and the voltmeter 8 are connected to a computer 1, which controls the measurement process, receives and records data.

The unit is mounted on a thick (3 cm) non-magnetic duralumin plate. A tape 40-50 cm long is passed through a master solenoidal coil of a magnetometer 25 cm long and a receiving differential coil containing 1000 turns. The magnetometer master winding is powered by a low-frequency oscillation generator and connected in series with it through a ballast resistor to reduce distortion in the shape of the magnetizing flux. The output emf of the receiving coil is integrated by an analog active integrator and is recorded using a storage oscilloscope.

The master (primary) coil is solenoidal, and a receiving (secondary) coil is located inside it. The receiving coil consists of two identical windings parallel in space oriented along space along the axis of the driving coil, connected electrically in series and counter-along the induction emf. In this case, the magnetic material penetrates the turns of only one of the windings of the receiving coil. This allows you to receive an EMF signal proportional exclusively to the magnetization of the amorphous tape, because EMF from the magnetizing field of the primary coil is mutually subtracted. The primary coil is powered by an alternating voltage generator, the current flowing through it creates a time-varying magnetic flux F ₁ piercing the amorphous tape and both windings of the secondary coil. The tape, being magnetized in this external magnetic field, creates a time-varying magnetic flux Φ ₂ passing through the sections of the turns of the primary and one of the windings of the secondary coils. In the secondary coil, according to the Faraday law, a time-variable EMF is induced:

ε _ind = -dF ₂ / dt,

where t is time.

When a mechanical load is applied to the tape, the latter is deformed. In this case, the magnetic characteristics of the tape and the response taken from the secondary coil are changed. As shown above, when tensile strain is applied to an amorphous Fe ₄₈ Co ₃₂ P ₁₄ B ₆ ribbon, the maximum attainable induction of B _max tape rapidly changes, which is reflected in a change in the amplitude of the signal from the receiving coil. Moreover, changes in the remaining magnetic characteristics are negligible. When twisting, the coercive field of the hysteresis loop Н _с and the squareness of the loop B _rem / B _max .

The signal from the secondary coil is fed to an analog integrator, which restores the shape of the stream Ф ₂ (integration over time). An integrated signal corresponding to Ф ₂ is supplied to the recording device as an oscilloscope (input “Y”). The recording device also receives a signal proportional to the magnetizing flux f ₁ . The setting magnetic field is proportional to the current signal taken from the additional (ballast) resistor connected in series with the primary coil.

Calibration of the sensing element is carried out sequentially by setting tensile (ε) and torsional (Θ) strains with simultaneous registration of the magnetic hysteresis loop, forming calibration data of four characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop: maximum induction B _max , residual induction B _rem and coercive field H _c , depending on ε and Θ (similar to FIGS. 3 and 4).

The deformation of the sensitive element (amorphous Fe ₄₈ Co ₃₂ P ₁₄ B ₆ tape) is created using two stepper motors, one of which sets the tensile strain ε with the help of the movable carriage, and the torsion strain Θ by rotation of its shaft around the axis on the movable carriage . Using one collet clamp, one end of the tape is attached to the shaft of one of the stepper motors, and the second to the beam gage L6D-C3-3kg-0.4B.

To measure the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations, the sensitive element is fixed on the test object in a pre-tensioned state, the characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B _max , B _rem and Н _с are recorded for a given magnetizing field H, and the calculation of the individual components of complex deformation is carried out according to calibration data (similar to Fig. 3 and 4).

In order to measure the compression deformation of the test object, the sensitive element (tape) during calibration, as well as during the target measurement, must be installed in a pretensioned state so that the compression deformation of the tape together with the test object reduces the mechanical tensile stress applied to the tape, and the tensile strain she experiences.

Bibliography

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Claims (2)

1. A method of measuring the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations, including magnetizing a sensitive element or its portion, registering a magnetic hysteresis loop and calculating individual components of complex deformation, characterized in that an amorphous metal tape Fe _80-x Co _x P ₁₄ B _{6 is} used as a sensitive element having a magnetoelastic response, moreover, before measuring the magnitude of complex mechanical deformations, a calibration of the sensitive element is carried out, in which e and torsional deformation with simultaneous recording of magnetic hysteresis loops, and then determine the dependence of the four characteristics of magnetic hysteresis loops: maximum induction B _max, obtained when a given value of the magnetizing field H, the residual induction B _rem at the value N = 0, the coercive field _Hc and squareness a hysteresis loop expressed in terms of the ratio B _rem / B _max from the relative elongation (ε) of the sensing element and the relative twist angle (Θ); and form calibration data, including graphs and data arrays of characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B _max , B _rem , Н _с and B _rem / B _max for various values of ε and Θ, while for measuring the value of complex mechanical deformations, the sensitive element is fixed on the object under study in a pretensioned state, the characteristics of the magnetic hysteresis loop B _max , B _rem , Н _с are recorded for a given magnetizing field H, and the calculation of the individual components of complex deformation is carried out according to calibration data. 2. A calibration device consisting of a sensitive element in the form of a narrow magnetostrictive amorphous metal tape, an exciting and receiving coil, a recording device, characterized in that for calibrating the sensitive element it contains an electromechanical system that includes a first stepper motor on a movable carriage, designed to create deformation torsion of the sensing element by rotating its shaft around an axis, a second stepper motor designed to move the coupled a movable carriage and providing tensile deformation of the sensing element, while the exciting coil has a solenoidal winding and is connected to a master oscillator of sinusoidal vibrations, and the receiving coil consists of two identical windings, parallel oriented in space along the axis of the exciting coil and connected electrically in series and counter-along the induction EMF, while the recording device is connected through an integrator to the receiving coil and to the exciting coil.

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