RU2707781C1 - Hybrid composite material for high-pressure shell structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to polymer composite materials (PCM), in particular to hybrid composite materials for making high-pressure shell structures. Hybrid composite material is based on polymer binder and reinforcing aramide filler consisting of Rusar-S threads with microstrength tensile strength of 580–800 kgf/mm² and modulus of elasticity 15,500–17,000 kgf/mm² and Rusar-NT threads with microplastic tensile strength of 550–700 kgf/mm² and modulus of elasticity of 17,000–20,000 kgf/mm², wherein strength and modulus of elasticity of annular layers of composite material is 240–280 kgf/mm², respectively and 12,000–14,000 kgf/mm².

EFFECT: invention can be used for production of rocket and space equipment, in aviation, shipbuilding and helicopter building.

10 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl, 12 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of polymer composite materials (PCM), in particular to hybrid composite materials for the manufacture of shell structures of high pressure. The invention can be used for the manufacture of rocket and space technology products in aircraft, shipbuilding and helicopter industry.

One of the main directions for improving shell structures operating at high levels of internal pressure is to increase their bearing capacity and rigidity.

The most common method for making shells is winding. The essence of the method is to lay layers of reinforcing material (AM) on a rotating mandrel using a folding device, the movement of which is specified by the control program. The winding method allows you to orient the reinforcing fibers in the composite material in accordance with the distribution of the main stresses, thereby ensuring high reliability of the product with its minimum weight.

The fulfillment of the requirements for shell structures is determined by the properties of the composite material used, which, in turn, largely depends on the characteristics of the fibrous filler.

The choice of fibrous filler for the shells is determined by the level of the main loads acting on the product and the requirement of minimizing its mass. With tensile stress arising during the operation of shell structures, it is relevant to use PCM based on aramid fibers (organoplastics), the main advantage of which over other structural materials is the high value of strength characteristics in combination with low density.

Known organoplastics based on Rusar-S threads [1], characterized by the highest tensile strength (300 kgf / mm ² ) among domestic and foreign PCMs and a specific strength of 2.2 MN⋅m / kg (Table 1).

To date, this organoplastics is the most promising in terms of the manufacture of structures operating at a high level of tensile stresses. However, in addition to strength, the composite material must have a high modulus of elasticity, which is necessary for resistance to deformations that occur during loading of the structure.

In this regard, the use of a composite with E = 11000 kgf / mm ² based on Rusar-S threads does not allow for a low deformability of the shell structure during its loading.

Also known is organoplastics based on Rusar-NT filaments [2, 3], the elastic modulus of which exceeds the corresponding characteristic of the closest analogs and approaches carbon fiber indices. However, the strength of this organoplastics (240 kgf / mm ² ) provides shells whose fracture pressure is close to the level achieved when using PCM based on Ruslan threads. The strength characteristics of the prototype do not meet the advanced requirements for highly loaded shell structures.

Hybrid composites [4] based on Kevlar, Zylon, Spectra organic fibers used for the manufacture of products with enhanced protective properties against ballistic impact and knife piercing are known from patent publications [4]. However, differences in the nature of the polymer, the operating temperature of the fibers, and the adhesive strength when interacting with traditional binders (for example, Spectra has an adhesive strength an order of magnitude lower than for aramid fibers) do not allow the use of such composites for the manufacture of force structures.

Known hybrid composites based on reinforcing materials (AM) of various chemical nature [5] - prototype.

The use of hybrid polymer composite materials combining two or more types of fibers is a promising direction for improving modern technology, since it makes it possible to create materials with desired properties. However, such materials have a significant drawback: the experience of testing composites based on fibers with different deformability (glass fiber reinforced plastics, organo carbon plastic, borostekloplastikov and boronorganoplastikov) showed that their destruction under tension does not occur simultaneously. This leads to a decrease in the mechanical characteristics of such composites relative to indicators that are achieved when using reinforcing materials separately. Therefore, the use of hybrid PCMs based on fibers with different chemical nature is not advisable from the point of view of creating highly loaded shell structures.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composite material with a strength of 240-280 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 12,000-14,000 kgf / mm ² for shells operating at a high level of internal pressure.

The technical problem is solved by using a hybrid composite material (organo-organo-composite) made of two types of aramid reinforcing materials, Rusar-S threads with tensile strength of microplastic 580-800 kgf / mm ² and elastic modulus 15500-17000 kgf / mm ² and Rusar-NT threads with tensile strength of microplastic 550-700 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 17,000-20000 kgf / mm ^2, while the strength and elastic modulus of the annular layers of the composite material are, respectively, 240-280 kgf / mm ² and 12000 -14000 kgf / mm ² .

AM Rusar-S and Rusar-NT have similar deformation characteristics, as a result of which their destruction in the hybrid composite material occurs simultaneously. This is confirmed by the fact that the tensile diagrams of the ring samples of the developed organo-organo-composite are linear. Therefore, its mechanical behavior under tension corresponds to the principle of additivity, i.e. ideas about the proportional contribution of each component to the mechanical characteristics of PCM. The record strength characteristics of the Rusar-S material and the high elastic characteristics of the Rusar-NT fiber make it possible to obtain a hybrid composite that surpasses all domestic and foreign analogues in a combination of mechanical characteristics. It should be noted that the AMs used for the developed organo-organo-composite have not only close elongation values, but also have one chemical nature, which prevents the accumulation of additional stresses in the PCM during its manufacture and operation.

The invention is illustrated by the tensile diagram of the ring samples of the hybrid composite materials (Fig. 1) and possible options for reinforcing the organo-organo-composite reinforcement based on Rusar-S and Rusar-NT fibers, namely:

in FIG. 2 shows a reinforcement scheme of a two-layer organo-organo-composite, in which the inner and outer layer is reinforced with aramid yarns of different types;

in FIG. 3 is a diagram of reinforcing a multilayer organo-organo-composite with alternating layers of thickness, each of which is reinforced with one type of aramid yarn aramid yarn;

in FIG. 4 - organo-organo-composite with two types of aramid threads evenly distributed over the structure.

The technical result of the invention is to obtain a hybrid composite with mechanical characteristics superior to all domestic and foreign analogues in a combination of mechanical characteristics.

In addition to the Rusar-S and Rusar-NT yarns, other aramid yarns (Kevlar, Terlon, Armos, Ruslan, etc.), as well as bundles and fabrics based on them, can be used as reinforcing materials for the production of a hybrid composite. As methods for producing a hybrid composite based on Rusar-S and Rusar-NT filaments, winding, vacuum infusion, RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) or pressing are used.

The following are specific examples of the invention.

Example 1

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which includes two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 3 mm is made.

Rusar-S and Rusar-NT strands, as well as an epoxy binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The composite shell was winded by laying on a mandrel a packet of layers 1.5 mm thick based on Rusar-S bundles, followed by laying a second packet of layers of a similar thickness formed from Rusar-NT bundles. The resulting composite material was a two-layer organo-organo-composite with an annular layer strength of 244 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 12,400 kgf / mm ² , in which the inner layer was reinforced with Rusar-S threads and the outer layer with Rusar-NT threads.

Example 2

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 3 mm is made.

Rusar-S and Rusar-NT strands, as well as an epoxy binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The composite shell was winded by laying on a mandrel a package of layers 2.5 mm thick based on Rusar-S bundles with subsequent laying of a second package of layers 0.5 mm thick formed from Rusar-NT bundles. The resulting composite material was a two-layer organo-organo-composite with an annular layer strength of 280 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 12,000 kgf / mm ² , in which the inner layer was reinforced with Rusar-S threads and the outer layer with Rusar-NT threads.

Example 3

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 3 mm is made.

Rusar-S and Rusar-NT strands, as well as an epoxy binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The composite shell was winded by laying on a mandrel a package of layers 0.5 mm thick based on Rusar-S bundles, followed by laying a second package of layers 2.5 mm thick formed from Rusar-NT bundles. The resulting composite material was a two-layer organo-organo-composite with the strength of the annular layers of 240 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 14,000 kgf / mm ² , in which the inner layer was reinforced with Rusar-S threads and the outer layer with Rusar-NT threads.

Example 4

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 3 mm is made.

Rusar-S and Rusar-NT strands, as well as an epoxy binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The composite shell was winded by laying on a mandrel a package of layers 1.5 mm thick based on Rusar-NT bundles, followed by laying a second package of layers 1.5 mm thick formed from Rusar-S bundles. The resulting composite material was a two-layer organo-organo-composite with the strength of the annular layers of 265 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 12300 kgf / mm ² , in which the inner layer was reinforced with Rusar-NT threads and the outer layer with Rusar-S threads.

Example 5

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 2 mm is made.

Rusar-S and Rusar-NT strands, as well as an epoxy binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The winding of the composite shell was carried out by alternately laying layers on the mandrel based on Rusar-S bundles and Rusar-NT bundles. The resulting composite material was a multilayer organo-organo-composite with an annular layer strength of 252 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 12,600 kgf / mm ² , consisting of layers alternating in thickness based on Rusar-S and Rusar-NT bundles. The volume content of fibers in the PCM was 75%.

Example 6

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 13 mm is made.

Complex materials Rusar-S and Rusar-NT, as well as an epoxy binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The winding of the composite shell was carried out by laying on a mandrel a reinforcing tape formed of 50 Rusar-S threads and 50 Rusar-NT threads. The resulting composite material was an organo-organo-composite with Rusar-S and Rusar-NT threads uniformly distributed over its structure in a ratio of 50/50. The strength of the annular layers of wound PCM was 261 kgf / mm ² , the modulus of elasticity was 13,500 kgf / mm ² .

Example 7

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which includes two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 12 mm is made.

Rusar-S and Rusar-NT strands, as well as a polyester binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The composite shell was winded by laying on a mandrel a package of layers 9.6 mm thick based on Rusar-S bundles, followed by laying a second package of layers 2.4 mm thick formed from Rusar-NT bundles. The resulting composite material was a two-layer organo-organo-composite with a ratio of materials Rusar-S and Rusar-NT - 80/20. The volumetric fiber content in PCM was 65%. The strength of the annular layers of wound PCM was 248 kgf / mm ² , the modulus of elasticity was 11300 kgf / mm ² .

Example 8

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which includes two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 12 mm is made.

Rusar-S and Rusar-NT strands, as well as a phenol-formaldehyde binder, were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell.

The composite shell was winded by laying on a mandrel a package of layers 2.4 mm thick based on Rusar-S bundles, followed by laying the second package of layers 9.6 mm thick, formed from Rusar-NT bundles. The resulting composite material was a two-layer organo-organo-composite with a ratio of reinforcing materials Rusar-S and Rusar-NT - 20/80. The volumetric fiber content in PCM was 80%. The strength of the annular layers of wound PCM was 240 kgf / mm ² , the modulus of elasticity was 14,000 kgf / mm ² .

Example 9

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid threads, a shell with a wall thickness of 6 mm is made.

As the starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite shell, epoxy-binder-based fabrics based on Rusar-S and Rusar-NT threads (prepregs) were used.

The composite shell was winded by laying on a mandrel impregnated with a binder fabric based on Rusar-S threads followed by laying a prepreg of Rusar-NT reinforcing material. The resulting composite material was a two-layer organo-organo-composite with the strength of the annular layers of 268 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 12400 kgf / mm ² .

Example 10

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid filaments, a quasi-isotropic plate 2 mm thick was made by vacuum infusion. Equally strong plain weave fabrics based on Rusar-S, Rusar-NT and an epoxy binder were used as starting materials for forming an organo-organic composite. Layers of reinforcing materials were laid in accordance with the scheme shown in table 2.

The resulting plate was a multi-layer organo-organo-composite with alternating layers of thickness, each of which is reinforced with one type of aramid filaments.

Example 11

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid filaments, an orthotropic plate 1 mm thick is made by the RTM method. Equal strength twill weave fabrics based on Rusar-S, Rusar-NT threads and an epoxy binder were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite. Layers of reinforcing materials were laid in accordance with the scheme shown in table 2.

The resulting plate was a multi-layer organo-organo-composite with alternating layers of thickness, each of which is reinforced with one type of aramid filaments.

Example 12

Based on the developed hybrid composite material - an organo-organo-composite, which consists of two types of aramid threads, an orthotropic plate 1 mm thick is made by pressing. Equal strength twill weave fabrics based on Rusar-S, Rusar-NT threads and an epoxy binder were used as starting materials for forming the organo-organo-composite. Layers of reinforcing materials were laid in accordance with the scheme shown in table 2.

The resulting plate was a multi-layer organo-organo-composite with alternating layers of thickness, each of which is reinforced with one type of aramid filaments.

Information sources

1. V.V. Sokolov, S.A. Gusev, I.V. Tikhonov, V.M. Shchetinin “Study of the laws of formation of composite material based on Rusar-S aramid fiber for shell structures of rocket and space technology”. Volume 5 (edited by I.G. Assovsky, A.A. Berlin, G.K. Korotaev - M .: TORUS PRESS. 2016 - 336 p.)

2. V.V. Sokolov, S.A. Gusev, A.P. Sokolova, I.V. Tikhonov, V.M. Schetinin, T.E. Chernykh, A.Yu. Kutyurin. Properties of promising aramid fiber Rusar-NT and performance characteristics of organoplastics based on it // V international conference-school on chemical technology XT 16. Volgograd May 16 - 20, 2016 - T. 1. - P. 571-573.

3. G.F. Zhelezina, S.I. Voinov, T.E. Chernykh, K.Yu. Chernykh “New aramid fibers of Rusar NT for reinforcing structural organoplastics”, Issues of Materials Science, 2015, No. 1 (81).

4. Pat. RU 2217682 (2003), 2225583 (2004), WO 93/20400 (Dupont).

5. Kuperman A.M., Turusov R.A., Gorenberg A.Ya. “Study of the elastic-strength characteristics of hybrid and gradient polymer composite materials (GPCM). Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, 2008, Volume 14, No. 4.

Claims (10)

1. A hybrid composite material for shell structures of high pressure, made on the basis of a polymer binder and reinforcing aramid filler, characterized in that the reinforcing aramid filler consists of Rusar-S threads with tensile strength of microplastic 580-800 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 15500 -17000 kgf / mm ² and Rusar-NT threads with tensile strength of microplastic 550-700 kgf / mm ² and an elastic modulus of 17000-20000 kgf / mm ² , while the strength and elastic modulus of the annular layers of the composite material are respectively, 240-280 kgf / mm ² and 12000-14000 kgf / mm ² . 2. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that epoxy, polyester or phenol-formaldehyde resins are used as the polymer binder. 3. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of Rusar-S and Rusar-NT filaments in its structure is from 20/80 to 80/20. 4. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume content of the yarns Rusar-S and Rusar-NT is 50-80% 5. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that its inner layer contains reinforcing yarns Rusar-S, and the outer layer contains yarns Rusar-NT. 6. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that its inner layer contains reinforcing yarns Rusar-NT, and the outer layer contains yarns Rusar-S. 7. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is multilayer with alternating layers of thickness, each of which contains one type of aramid yarns Rusar-S or Rusar-NT. 8. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with uniformly distributed reinforcing threads Rusar-S and Rusar-NT throughout the volume of the material. 9. The hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that its manufacture is carried out by any of the known methods of "wet" or "dry" winding, vacuum diffusion, RTM or pressing. 10. The hybrid composite material according to p. 1, characterized in that as the reinforcing material use bundles and fabrics of threads Rusar-S and Rusar-NT.

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