RU2707415C2 - Method of creating global information environment in near-earth space and paradigma, multifunctional space information system based on network of low-orbit spacecraft for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: astronautics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to multipurpose space systems based on multisatellite networks of low-orbiting spacecrafts and intended for solving global communication and monitoring tasks. Technical result of proposed technical solution is achieved by the fact that low-orbital cluster of spacecraft includes clusters of multispectral optical monitoring, radio monitoring, radar ranging, ionosphere monitoring, as well as air-clusters consisting of atmospheric satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles. Messages between subscribers are transmitted via inter-satellite radio and laser communication channels along the shortest route.

EFFECT: high efficiency of the system, high stability of the system owing to its versatility and multiple connectivity, high technical and economic characteristics of the system.

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Description

The invention relates to multi-purpose space systems based on multi-satellite networks of low-orbit spacecraft (SC) and designed to solve global communication and monitoring tasks.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of global continuous transmission of information between ground and space correspondents (subjects of transmission and reception of information) (up to the real time scale), as well as providing continuous information monitoring of the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s gravitational field, as well as near-Earth space using a low-orbit network KA. Space correspondents can be both people and automatic devices. The technical result consists in a significant increase in the efficiency of the system, higher stability of the system (viability), increase of technical and economic indicators of the system.

Known analogues of the proposed method and its implementing device.

In one of the known analogues according to patent RU No. 2302695, 2005 of the proposed method, information is transmitted through three spacecraft constellations, one of which is located in a geostationary orbit, the other in low orbit, and the third in medium altitude orbit. Each of the spacecraft located in the low altitude orbit has the ability to communicate with at least one of the spacecraft located in the medium altitude orbit, and each of the spacecraft located in this orbit with one of the spacecraft in the geostationary orbit.

However, this method of transmitting information (including the organization of a communication system) is focused only on the transmission of information and, due to the complex architecture of the communication system, has a significantly low speed and this method cannot provide communication between high-latitude regions due to their inaccessibility.

The disadvantages of the analogue are the low efficiency of information transfer to globally remote consumers, as well as the impossibility of information monitoring of the Earth's surface and surrounding space.

The prototype of the invention is a method of transmitting information in a low-orbit space satellite communications network in several orbital planes (RU 2434332 dated 02.26.2010), in which message signals are transmitted to the subscriber and relayed sequentially between spacecraft, until the particular device enters the radio visibility zone of the served subscriber .

The principle of operation of the prototype is illustrated in figure 1.

The essence of the prototype method is as follows. The ground subscriber A ₁ from its database determines the coordinates of the receiving subscriber A ₂ and transmits information (including the coordinates of the receiving subscriber) to the closest spacecraft _A-1 . Further, this information (see Fig. 1) is relayed through the spacecraft _A-2 to the nearest spacecraft _A-3 , located in the same orbital plane. It is important to note that the sequence of spacecraft _A-1 , spacecraft _A-2 , spacecraft _A-3 , ... spacecraft _A-5 and others is in the same orbital plane and therefore neighboring vehicles are characterized by mutual visibility. At the same time, in the common polar radio-visibility zone 3 (see Fig. 1), in addition to SC _A-3, there is SC _B-1 , belonging to another orbital plane. Zone 3, in which all planes of the orbits of the system intersect, is located in the polar region and is the most probable intersection region of all planes of the polar orbits of the system, and therefore, the most probable radio visibility region of spacecraft located in different orbital planes. Further, from the _V-1 spacecraft, through the chain of the spacecraft _V-2 , the spacecraft _V-1 , the spacecraft _{V-3, the} information is sent to the subscriber A ₂ .

In general, the transmitted information in the form of signals from transmitting subscribers spreads from one orbital plane to another along a chain of KA repeaters located in several orbital planes, and arrives at the subscribers.

The disadvantages of the method implemented in the prototype are the following:

- limited efficiency of global information transfer, since information transfer between orbital planes is possible only in a limited polar zone and the existing probability of message loss due to the lack of spacecraft of the desired plane;

- the impossibility of global radio-technical monitoring of the underlying surface, airspace and near-Earth space of the Earth from each satellite of a multi-satellite system with the transmission of monitoring results to the consumer in real time;

- the impossibility of conducting local high-resolution radar and optical monitoring of the underlying surface of the Earth with the transfer of monitoring results to the consumer in real time;

- the impossibility of global monitoring of the Earth’s ionosphere parameters in the interests of clarifying its model;

- the impossibility of global monitoring of the Earth's gravitational field in the interest of refining the model of the gravitational potential.

The proposed method is based on the global transfer of information between near-Earth correspondents through the Cosmoset information spacecraft cluster using inter-satellite radio and laser communication channels with simultaneous radio-technical monitoring of the Earth’s surface, airspace, ionosphere and outer space, radar and optical monitoring of the underlying Earth’s surface, as well as monitoring the Earth’s gravitational field using on-board measuring equipment Leica Geosystems KA clusters in the system.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows:

In the information transfer session in the ground correspondent’s equipment, a packet of transmitted information is formed and transmitted via the “Earth-board” radio channel to the nearest spacecraft of the system information transmission cluster. The geocentric coordinates of the consumer equipment are indicated in the information packet. Then, using the on-board computer of the KA repeater, based on the given coordinates of the consumer, the inter-satellite information transmission route is determined and information is transmitted to the ground consumer with the specified coordinates via the selected inter-satellite radio and laser communication channels (both in the same orbital plane and between the orbital planes).

At the same time, a multispectral optical image of a portion of the underlying surface of the Earth is formed on board an optical monitoring spacecraft cluster using an onboard optical observation system. Using the spacecraft cluster of radio monitoring, signals of ground, air and space radio sources are received and their coordinates are determined by the parameters of the received signals. Using the onboard radar bistatic cluster, spacecraft generate radar multi-angle information about the state of targets on the Earth's surface in the bistatic radar mode. Using the on-board equipment of millimeter-range inter-satellite communication, the parameters of the relative motion of all pairs of neighboring spacecraft along the satellite-satellite line are measured and the parameters of the Earth’s gravitational field model are determined using the measurement results. Using the multi-frequency navigation receivers of the spacecraft of the space cluster of the spacecraft of the global radio monitoring of the ionosphere "IONOSPHERE" determine the total electron concentration along the radio link of the navigation signal and refine the parameters of the ionosphere model. Using on-board equipment of atmospheric satellites of the air cluster of the system, radar bistatic information, specific optical information and radio monitoring information about underlying information and surface radio sources are generated. Monitoring information from all monitoring spacecraft clusters, as well as from atmospheric monitoring satellites, is transmitted to the Earth via Bort-Earth channels, as well as via inter-satellite radio channels of the spacecraft cluster for transmitting information to consumers with specified geocentric coordinates.

The structure of the multifunctional space information system (ICIS) "PARADIGMA" includes the following main elements (Fig. 2):

- the space echelon of spacecraft information clusters;

- airborne information atmospheric satellites (AS) and UAVs;

- echelon of subscriber communication equipment of terrestrial consumers;

- Center for the reception and analysis of monitoring information;

- Ground-based System Control Center.

1. The space echelon of the multifunctional space information system (ISIS) "Paradigm" includes the following information clusters of the spacecraft (Fig. 2):

- the space cluster of the spacecraft for transmitting information to consumers “COSMOSET” through the channels “satellite-satellite”, “Earth-board” and “Board-Earth”;

- the space cluster of the SC “RADIOLOCATOR” of bistatic radar monitoring, connected via radio channel to the space cluster of the spacecraft of information transmission;

- the space cluster of the spacecraft of radio monitoring "RADIO" of the underlying surface, air and space of the Earth, connected via radio channel to the space cluster of the spacecraft of information transmission;

- the space cluster of optical monitoring of the underlying surface and atmosphere "OPTICA", connected via radio channel with the space cluster of the spacecraft information transfer;

- the space cluster of the spacecraft of the global radio monitoring of the ionosphere “IONOSPHERE”, based on the use of multi-frequency receivers of global satellite navigation systems and connected via radio channel to the space cluster of the spacecraft of information transmission;

- the spacecraft cluster of the refinement of the parameters of the Earth's gravitational field “GRAVIKA”, based on measuring the relative motion of neighboring satellites and connected via radio channel to the space cluster of the spacecraft transmitting information.

2. The “DRON” air echelon includes information equipment for high-resolution atmospheric radio engineering, radar and optical monitoring clusters of the Earth’s underlying surface and airspace, placed on board atmospheric satellites (AS) or UAV unmanned aerial vehicles and connected via radio channel to the spacecraft cluster of transmission information "COSMET";

3. The echelon of consumer equipment, which provides global communication of ground and air consumers with correspondents anywhere in the world at their request, as well as receiving the necessary global monitoring information and transmitting requests for monitoring information from the required regions of the Earth and outer space.

4. The center for receiving and analyzing monitoring information, which flocks all types of information from space and air monitoring clusters. It also performs information analysis and forecasting situations in the atmosphere and space.

5. The ground control center of the entire system, which is designed to plan the operation of all clusters of the system, control the on-board equipment of the elements of the space and air echelons, and also to monitor the state of the equipment of all echelons.

Information clusters of the space echelon of the ICIS "PARADIGMA" work as follows:

1. Cosmic low-orbit cluster of global real-time data transmission (space transport information cluster) “COSMOSET” (Fig. 3) implements a virtual “space bus” due to a network of 72 spacecraft located at an altitude of 800 km in 8 polar orbital planes along 9 spacecraft in each or 48 spacecraft (6 × 8) at an altitude of 1200 km.

In the transport information cluster "COSMOSET" the following scientific and technical problems are solved:

- data transmission between any points of the earth and water surfaces, air and near-Earth outer space in real time and organization of various types of network services via inter-satellite channels;

- addressing that provides unambiguous identification of devices, services and applications at any location;

- Implementation of protocols for dynamic routing and relaying of data packets on board spacecraft, etc.

2. The cluster of the “RADAR” multi-position bistatic radar of the underlying Earth’s surface (Fig. 4) contains several satellites, one of the SCs of the cluster irradiating the target, and the rest receiving the reflected radio signals and constructing a multi-angle (by the number of KA-receivers) image of the target, which very important for its recognition and the opening of masked objects. The satellites of global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) GLONASS, GALILEO, GPS, etc. can also be used as irradiating radar sources. In addition, this technology allows you to determine the height of the relief, which is important when solving problems of geodesy and cartography.

3. The MCA cluster of multi-angle panchromatic and hyperspectral optical terrain survey "OPTICS" (Fig. 5) has the ability to recognize targets in almost real time, which is very important for illuminating emergency areas and is inaccessible to classical optical surveillance systems. In this monitoring system with an on-board telescope of minimum diameter, the target is covered and a low-resolution image is obtained. But if we add to this a multispectral portrait of a target, taken with an on-board small-sized video spectrometer, then using an on-board computer it is possible to obtain a high-quality image of the target in almost real time. Such a monitoring system without a large telescope is quite compact. The signal processing speed by modern methods is quite high and allows you to get a high-quality image.

4. The MCA cluster of multi-position radioengineering monitoring (radio direction finding) of the underlying surface, airspace and outer space in the line-of-sight “RADIO” (Fig. 6) solves the problem of generating target designations in the form of high-precision coordinates of detected targets on Earth, in the atmosphere and in space, practically real time. The spacecraft - the carrier of radio-technical monitoring equipment - has GNSS GLONASS and other consumer navigation equipment on board and therefore always has its own high-precision coordinates. With a distance between satellites - carriers of such equipment - 10-50 km, the resolution of the space system of radio monitoring is a few tens of meters.

5. The spacecraft cluster of radio monitoring the state of the ionosphere "IONOSPHERE" (Fig. 7) using the onboard dual-frequency receiving equipment GNSS GLONASS, GPS, GALILEO, located on board the spacecraft monitoring, determines the current changes in the total electron concentration in the ionosphere in the entire hemisphere in the direction of navigation satellites . These current data serve as the basis for solving many practical problems, including refining the global model of the ionosphere.

6. The operation of the spacecraft cluster for monitoring and refining the parameters of the Earth’s gravitational field (GPZ) “GRAVIKA” (Fig. 8) is based on the use of inter-satellite communication channels of two neighboring satellites in the mm range for measuring the parameters of their relative motion. These parameters (mutual range, speed, acceleration) contain information on the GPZ parameters (potential and its gradients). The error in measuring the mutual velocity of neighboring satellites in the mm range should not exceed units of mm per second, which has already been implemented in practical systems. Another possibility of solving this problem is based on independent measurements of the spacecraft’s current speed using GNSS GLONASS-type onboard navigation equipment (NAP).

Information clusters of the air level "DRON" work as follows. They are implemented using atmospheric satellites (AS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (Fig. 9), which can perform non-stop flight in the stratosphere for 4-5 years. The information clusters listed above are implemented in this echelon: species multispectral monitoring, radio engineering monitoring, as well as bistatic radar monitoring. At the same time, the corresponding equipment is located onboard the AS and UAVs. The received monitoring information is transmitted through the nearest satellites of the Cosmoset system.

Advantages of the system:

- universality and ability of system satellites to solve several problems at the same time (for example, optical and radar surveillance, radio monitoring, ensuring global information transfer, etc.); satellites of classical systems solve only one problem;

- high efficiency: observation information from anywhere in the world to the Center is transmitted in real time (without delay) through its own inter-satellite channels. In classical systems, a limited number of tasks are solved with the transmission of information either in the visibility area of the Center (i.e., with a delay), or through special geostationary repeaters, which significantly increases the cost of the system;

- higher stability of the system due to its versatility and multi-connectivity (each satellite is connected to all neighbors). In classical systems, failure, for example, of a geostationary repeater, deprives the system of the ability to be responsive;

- shorter terms for designing and manufacturing the first stage of the system, which is characteristic of multi-satellite systems created using technologies of small and ultra-small spacecraft (no more than 4-5 years).

Due to the noted advantages, the proposed systems have an efficiency / cost indicator of at least 4-5 times higher than that of classic ones. For example, the costs of creating a quasi-real-time Earth monitoring system based on traditional Earth remote sensing systems as part of the PCF are about 263 billion rubles. with a creation period of 11 years (2015-2025), an estimate of the costs of the Global System for Operational Monitoring based on ICA and AU gives the figure 56.8 billion rubles. (4.6 times less) with the timing of the creation of the first stage of 5-6 years.

Technologies implementing the integrated target effect of the ICIS "PARADIGMA":

- a multi-position bistatic radiolocation of the underlying surface of the Earth, in which one of the SCs of the cluster irradiates the target, and the rest receive the reflected radio signals and construct a multi-angle (by the number of SC-receivers) image of the target, which is very important for its recognition and opening of masked objects. In addition, this technology allows you to determine the height of the relief, which is important when solving problems of geodesy and cartography [1], [7], [8];

- multi-angle panchromatic and hyperspectral optical terrain survey with the ability to recognize targets in almost real time, which is very important for operational monitoring and inaccessible to classical optical observation systems [1];

- multi-position radio engineering monitoring of the underlying surface with the development of target designations in the form of high-precision coordinates of the detected targets in almost real time [1], [8];

- a space information bus organized on the principles of Internet technologies for transmitting information in real time from any globally remote KA observer of all information clusters, including at the request of an individual subscriber (COSMOSET system). [3], [4], [5];

Based on the GKIS "PARADIGMA", it becomes possible to implement the following systems with minimal time and material costs:

1. The global system of operational integrated continuous space reconnaissance of a theater of war (theater of operations) and data transmission based on clusters of small spacecraft in the interests of land, sea and air consumers.

2. Multisatellite aerospace information coverage system of the Northern territories and water areas of the Russian Federation.

3. The space echelon of information tools of the Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation based on new technologies.

All of these proposed systems have a dual purpose and include a number of interconnected lower-level systems that can be implemented as independent separate systems. These include, but are not limited to:

4. The ICA network for the observation of space objects, designed to control outer space in the interests of national defense.

5. The MCA network for the rapid detection of fires, which additionally solves the problem of the operational detection of atmospheric means of aerospace attack such as hypersonic aircraft, etc .;

6. A system for monitoring transport objects based on small spacecraft, designed for personal communication and escort of transport and cargo in the Northern latitudes;

7. The global telecommunication network of the COSMOSET ICA, built on the basis of routers and all inter-satellite channels forming a space information bus based on the principles of Internet protocols.

The ability to parry threats to the state using the system:

1) The threat of the information blockade of the Russian Federation, including remote theaters of operations, is countered by:

- expanding the coverage of the served territories from the borders of the territory of the Russian Federation to the full coverage of the entire surface of the Earth;

- ensuring the efficiency of global delivery of information in real time.

2) The threat of physical destruction of part of the spacecraft of the system is countered by the fact that the failure of part of the spacecraft of the multi-satellite system only slightly reduces its combat stability.

3) The threats of cyber suppression and radio suppression are countered by:

- ensuring cyber resistance based on the use of the millimeter range in inter-satellite channels;

- isolation of the system from network ground resources;

- application of special domestic protocols for the transfer and routing of data packets, special hardware and software, and special methods for modulating radio signals.

4) The threat of technological blockade during the creation of space infocommunication systems is countered by import substitution in terms of our own software development and the use of the domestic element base when creating microsatellites;

5) The threat to national information security is countered by increasing the efficiency of global information operations based on the use of the capabilities of the domestic “space Internet”, implemented on the basis of the SCADA “PARADIGMA”.

The system opens up the possibility of creating a domestic global Internet, a wider range of parry threats to the state.

The system has a set of properties that none of the existing space information systems has.

From all of the above, the achievement of a technical result follows, consisting in a significant increase in the system’s responsiveness - observation information from anywhere in the world to the Center is transmitted in real time (without delay) via inter-satellite channels, the system’s higher stability due to its universality and multiplicity (each satellite is connected with all neighbors), increasing the technical and economic indicators of the system, which is expressed in shorter terms for designing and manufacturing the first stage of the system, which is peculiar a multi-satellite system created on the technology small and micro satellites (not more than 4-5 years).

List of references:

1. Monograph: Small spacecraft information support / Ed. Doct. tech. sciences, merit. scientist of the Russian Federation, prof. V.F. Fateeva. - M .: Radio engineering, 2010 .-- 320 p., Ill.

2. Monograph: Infrastructure of small spacecraft / Ed. Doct. tech. sciences, merit. scientist of the Russian Federation, prof. V.F. Fateeva. - M .: Radio engineering, 2011 .-- 432 p., Ill.

3. Galkevich A.I. "Special theme" / Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. - M .: VA Strategic Rocket Forces named after Peter the Great, 2011.

4. Monograph: Low-orbit space system for personal satellite communications and data transmission / Ed. General Designer of the multifunctional space system for personal satellite communication and data transmission, President of OJSC “SS” Gonets ”, Ph.D. Galkevich A.I .: LLC “Unis”, 2011. - 168 p.

5. Technical proposals “Development of a promising global space low-orbit infocommunication system based on innovative technologies” Topic code: “Cosmonet” / Pod. Management of Doctor of Technical Sciences Galkevich A.I., 2014 .-- 273 p.

6. Fateev V.F. A modern view of the development of the space echelon of the East Kazakhstan information media // "Aerospace Defense", 2014, No. 1. S. 31-38.

7. Fateev V.F., Shilin V.D., Kuriksha A.A., Lagutkin V.N., Lukyanov A.P., Ksendzuk A.V. Directions for the development of the space echelon of information tools of the aerospace defense of the Russian Federation based on new technologies // "Questions of radio electronics", ser. Radar Technology, vol. 1, Moscow, 2014.

8. Fateev V.F. The space echelon of aerospace defense using the technology of miniaturization of spacecraft // "Aerospace Defense", 2013, No. 6. S. 24-34.

Claims (9)

1. A method of creating a global information environment in near-Earth space, based on the global transfer of information between near-Earth correspondents (subjects of transmission and reception of information) through a low-orbit cluster of spacecraft (SC) via inter-satellite radio and laser communication channels, characterized in that in order to increase efficiency global continuous transmission of information between ground and space correspondents, as well as providing continuous global information monitoring rings of the Earth’s surface and near-Earth space on board the multi-spectral optical monitoring spacecraft cluster using an on-board optical observation system form an optical multi-spectral image of the Earth’s underlying surface area, using ground-based monitoring cluster, receive signals from ground-based radio sources and determine their coordinates, using the spacecraft radar cluster they form radar information about the state of the Earth’s surface and surrounding space in bistatic mode radar, using the on-board equipment of the ionospheric spacecraft, measure the total electron concentration along the propagation path of signals from navigation satellites and refine the ionosphere model, using mutual measurements of relative motion in the satellite-satellite system, refine the parameters of the Earth's gravitational field using atmospheric air satellites echelons of the system form monostatic and bistatic radar information, specific optical information and radio monitoring information about the underlying information and ground-based radio sources, while monitoring information from monitoring satellite clusters, as well as from atmospheric monitoring satellites, is transmitted to the Earth via Bort-Earth channels, as well as via inter-satellite radio channels of the spacecraft cluster to transmit information to consumers with specified geocentric coordinates. 2. A multifunctional space information system based on the orbital network of small spacecraft, in which signals from Earth are transmitted by a radiating subscriber through the nearest spacecraft (SC) located in its radio visibility zone, are relayed sequentially through inter-satellite channels along a chain between spacecraft located in mutual visibility zone, in accordance with the coordinates of the receiving subscriber, before the spacecraft enters the radio visibility zone of the receiving subscriber, excellent which consists in the fact that it contains a multi-satellite multi-connected cluster of low-orbit spacecraft “Cosmos”, a cluster of spacecraft radar monitoring “Radar” based on the principle of bistatic radar, a cluster of radio-technical monitoring of surface, air and space “Radio”, a cluster of optical multi-spectral monitoring “Optics” ”,“ Ionosphere ”cluster of the ionospheric monitoring spacecraft,“ Gravica ”cluster of the Earth’s gravitational field parameters monitoring,“ Drone ”air train, including ayuschy a cluster of high-resolution information apparatus outside the radio engineering, radar and optical monitoring of the underlying surface of the Earth and air space located aboard weather satellites (AS) or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); echelon of consumer equipment, which provides global communication of ground and air consumers with correspondents anywhere in the world at their request, as well as receiving the necessary global monitoring information; a center for receiving and analyzing monitoring information, in which all types of information from space and air monitoring clusters flock to analyze and predict situations in the atmosphere and space; ground control center for the entire system, which is designed to plan the operation of all clusters of the system, control the onboard equipment of the elements of the space and air echelons, as well as to monitor the state of the equipment of all echelons; due to the multi-connected nature of the orbital system of the Cosmoset cluster satellites, messages between subscribers are transmitted via inter-satellite channels via the shortest route, due to which transmission efficiency and stability due to many alternative transmission routes is achieved; Information from the air and space monitoring clusters is transmitted to the consumer through the next spacecraft of the COSMOSET information transfer cluster. 3. The multifunctional system according to claim 2, characterized in that the COSMOSET space-based low-orbit space cluster of global real-time data transmission (space transport information cluster) implements a virtual space bus due to the spacecraft network located at an altitude of up to 800 km several orbital planes. 4. The multifunctional system according to claim 2, characterized in that the cluster of the “RADIOLOCATOR” multi-position bistatic radar of the underlying Earth’s surface contains several satellites, one of the cluster’s satellites irradiating the target, and the rest receiving the reflected radio signals and building a multi-angle (according to the number of receivers) image of the target, which is very important for its recognition and opening of masked objects; at the same time, satellites of global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) GLONASS, GALILEO, GPS can also be used as irradiating radar sources. 5. The multifunctional system according to claim 2, characterized in that the spacecraft cluster of multi-angle panchromatic and hyperspectral optical terrain surveys “OPTICA” has on-board panchromatic and hyperspectral optical observation equipment, which makes it possible to recognize ground targets in almost real time. 6. The multifunctional system according to claim 2, characterized in that the spacecraft cluster of multi-position radioengineering monitoring (radio direction finding) of the underlying surface, airspace and outer space in the line of sight “RADIO” solves the problem of generating target designations in the form of high-precision coordinates of detected targets on Earth, atmosphere and in space in almost real time; at the same time, the spacecraft - the carrier of radio-technical monitoring equipment - has GNSS consumer navigation equipment on board. 7. The multifunctional system according to claim 2, characterized in that the IONOSPHERE cluster of the radio monitoring state of the ionosphere’s ionosphere is equipped with GNSS GLONASS, GPS, GALILEO airborne multi-frequency receiving equipment and is capable of determining current changes in the total electron concentration in the ionosphere in the entire hemisphere in the direction of navigation satellites , which is the basis for solving many practical problems, including the refinement of the global ionosphere model. 8. The multifunctional system according to claim 2, characterized in that the spacecraft of the GRAVIKA cluster for monitoring and refining the parameters of the Earth’s gravitational field (GPZ) are equipped with GNSS NAPs, measuring instruments for relative motion along the satellite-satellite line in mm -wave range, as well as microaccelerometers for measuring accelerations caused by the resistance of the residual atmosphere, solar pressure. 9. The multifunctional system according to claim 2, characterized in that the information clusters of the DRON air level are implemented using atmospheric satellites (AS) and UAVs, which can fly non-stop in the stratosphere for 4-5 years; at the same time, information clusters of specific multispectral monitoring, radio engineering monitoring, as well as bistatic radar monitoring are implemented in this echelon using appropriate monitoring equipment; at the same time, the transmission of the received monitoring information is carried out through the closest satellites of the Cosmoset system.

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