RU2707108C1 - Electronic fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to military equipment, particularly to electronic fuses of guided missiles. Electronic detonating fuse comprises a serial interface transceiver, an electronic time device, a power supply, a signal combination unit, two contact target sensors, a signal sensitivity regulator, a critical sensor, an initial state switch, and an inertial contactor. Electron-time device includes ignition capacitor, discharge and charging resistors, cocking key, electric detonator activation key, microprocessor.

EFFECT: technical result is broader functional capabilities, high efficiency of hitting the target, high safety of operation.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, in particular to electronic guided missile fuses. Such electronic fuses should provide reliable operation, safe operation and have extensive functionality.

Known explosive device (RF patent No. 2532509, priority of 04.16.2013, "An explosive device for torpedoes", authors: Ilmensky AK, Keskin A.Ya., Kiselev V.I., Oskin I.A., Seleznev D.V., Smirnov A.P., IPC F42C 14/04, published November 10, 2014, Bulletin No. 31), which makes it possible to regulate the sensitivity of the contact sensor of the target, and the distance of the long-range cocking - self-destruction time, which contains the electric trigger device, contact target sensor, long-range cocking device with two stoppers - blocking and safety with tvetstvuyuschimi triggering devices based on electric spark, self-destruct device and executive-detonation device. The long-range cocking device and self-liquidation device are made in the form of electronic pulse counters, the inputs of which are connected through the connector contacts to the on-board torpedo control equipment, and their outputs are connected to electronic triggers based on field-effect transistors and storage capacitors. The first counter and the first start-up device with an electric igniter are electrically and kinematically connected with a blocking stopper, the second counter and the second start-up device with an electric igniter are connected with a safety stop, and the third counter of the self-liquidation device is connected to the input of a detonation device including an electronic device based on logic elements " exclusive "OR" and "ZI", allowing to operate from the signal of the target sensors. Electronic triggers are based on field-effect transistors and storage capacitors.

The disadvantages of this explosive device are: the inability to connect to a single control interface, the inability to self-diagnose and determine the malfunction of sensors and switches, the inability to set on-board control equipment to delay the detonation, which ensures maximum effectiveness of hitting the target after the target sensor is triggered, the inability to respond to critical destruction products and partial failure of circuit elements from mechanical th strike when meeting the product with a target.

The closest in technical essence is a fuse (RF patent No. 2500977 priority dated March 15, 2012, “Remote-controlled ammunition”, author V. Shepelenko, IPC F42B 12/00, F42C 9/14, F42C 11/06, published 12/10/2013 Bulletin No. 34) containing a power source, an electronic-temporary device containing an ignition capacitor connected to the power source by a communication line on which an inertial contactor is installed, which is open in the initial position. Provides synchronous operation of the circuit breaker and inertial contactor.

The disadvantages of this fuse are: the lack of connectivity to a single control interface, the lack of self-diagnosis, the dependence of the set value of the cocking delay on the duration of the active section of the trajectory.

The technical problem is the creation of an electronic fuse with enhanced functionality, increased target destruction efficiency and increased safety of handling in operation and providing:

- the ability to interact via a serial interface with other devices;

- self-diagnosis of an electronic fuse;

- the use of an electric detonator during critical destruction of the product;

- the ability to set delays cocking, self-destruction and delays undermining;

- the ability to increase the number of contact sensors of the target;

- regulation of the sensitivity of the contact sensors of the target.

The technical results to which the invention is directed are to expand the functionality, increase the efficiency of hitting the target, increase the safety of operation.

These technical results are achieved in that in an electronic fuse containing a power source, an electronic-time device including an ignition capacitor, the first input of the electronic-time device is connected to the output of the inertial contactor, it is new that at least two contact contacts are additionally introduced target sensor, signal combining unit, signal sensitivity controller, critical sensor, initial state switch, serial interface transceiver, first input / output which is the input / output of the electronic fuse, and the second input / output is connected to the input / output of the electronic-time device, the first, second and third outputs of which are the first, second and third outputs of the electronic fuse, the first output of the power source is connected to the inputs of the inertial contactor and switch of the initial state, the output of the last of which is connected to the second input of the electronic-temporal device, the third input of which is connected to the output of the critical sensor, and the fourth input is connected to the output of the signal sensitivity regulator, the input of which is connected to the output of the signal combining unit, each first input of which is connected to the output of the corresponding contact target sensor, the second input of the signal combining unit is an input of self-monitoring of the target sensors, while the electronic-time device contains discharge and charging resistors, a key cocking, the key to activate the electric detonator, a microprocessor, the input / output of which is the input / output of an electronic-time device, the first, second, third and the fourth inputs of the microprocessor are the first, second, third and fourth inputs of the electronic-time device, respectively, the first and second outputs of the microprocessor are connected respectively to the first inputs of the cocking key and the activation key of the electric detonator, the second input of the cocking key is connected to the second output of the power source, and the output is connected with the first terminals of the discharge and charging resistors, the second terminal of the charging resistor is connected to the first terminal of the ignition capacitor and is the first output of the electric on-time device, the second output of the ignition capacitor is connected to the second output of the discharge resistor, with the first output of the power source and with the first output of the key of activating the electric detonator, the second output of the key of activating the electric detonator is the second output of the electronic-temporal device, and the second input is connected to the third input of the microprocessor , the third output of the microprocessor is the third output of the electronic time device.

The introduction of the serial interface transceiver allows you to connect the electronic fuse to the serial interface, which allows the on-board equipment to remotely control the operation of the electronic fuse. On this interface, the on-board equipment can set various fuses to the electronic fuse, as well as set the necessary operation algorithms, which expands its functionality.

The inertial contactor in the electronic fuse acts as a protection stage. Its switching occurs when the product reaches the required acceleration in a given time interval. When the contactor switches beyond the specified time interval, the microprocessor reports on-board equipment about this event via the serial interface and blocks the charging process, which increases the safety of operation of the product.

The implementation of the electronic-temporary device in the form of a circuit including an ignition capacitor, discharge and charging resistors, a cocking key, an electric detonator activation key, a microprocessor allows self-diagnosis of an electronic fuse after switching on and during operation. In self-diagnosis, it is advisable to control the signals from the contact sensors of the target, the critical sensor, the inertial closure, the switch of the initial state, as well as the signals received by the cocking key and the key to activate the electric detonator. When a malfunction is detected, the microprocessor reports on-board equipment via the serial interface about the malfunction. Rapid fault detection in the electronic fuse increases the safety of operation of the product.

The proposed circuit of the electronic-temporary device is resistant to double failure when the cocking key and the activation key of the electric detonator are simultaneously closed. The operation of the electric detonator in this situation does not occur, since the current through the electric detonator is limited by a charging resistor, and it does not exceed a safe value, while the ignition capacitor does not accumulate charge. The inability to activate the electric detonator in case of failures in the electronic fuse ensures its safe operation.

An electronic fuse allows you to control the operation of the mechanical stage of protection. The initial state of the mechanical protection stage is checked during self-diagnosis by the state of the initial state switch, which switches after removing the mechanical protection stage. Without removing the mechanical stage of protection, the use of an electric detonator is impossible. The mechanical stage of protection increases the safety of the product.

The introduction of a critical sensor and its connections with the microprocessor and with the key for activating the electric detonator allows you to use the electric detonator after cocking during critical destruction of the product with a failure of the microprocessor or with a break in its connections.

The introduction of a unit for combining signals from contact sensors of the target makes it possible to increase the number of contact sensors of the target to the number that ensures reliable operation of the electronic fuse after interacting with the target. The introduction of an input of self-monitoring of target sensors allows you to simulate the operation of target sensors, which improves the ability to test the performance of an electronic fuse.

The introduction of a sensitivity regulator for signals from target sensors allows you to adjust the threshold of the electronic fuse depending on the type of target.

The figure shows a diagram of an electronic fuse.

The electronic fuse contains a transceiver 1 of a serial interface, an electronic-temporary device 2, an inertial contactor 3, an initial state switch 4, a critical sensor 5, two contact sensors of a target 6 and 7, a signal sensitivity controller 8, a signal combining unit 9, a power source 10.

The first input of the electronic-temporary device 2 is connected to the output of the inertial contactor 3. The first input-output of the transceiver 1 of the serial interface is an input-output of an electronic fuse and is designed to connect to a serial interface 11. The second input / output of the transceiver 1 of the serial interface is connected to the input / output electronic time device 2. The first, second and third outputs of the electronic time device 2 are the first, second and third outputs of the electronic fuse, etc. and the first and second outputs are intended for connection to an electric detonator 12, and the third output is for connecting to a mechanical protection stage 13. The first output (“0V”) of the power source 10 is connected to the inputs of the inertial contactor 3 and switch 4 of the initial state, the output of the last which is connected to the second input of the electronic-time device 2. The third input of the electronic-time device 2 is connected to the output of the critical sensor 5, and the fourth input is connected to the output of the signal sensitivity controller 8. The input of the signal sensitivity controller 8 is connected to the output of the signal combining unit 9. Each first input of the signal combining unit 9 is connected to the outputs of the contact sensors of the target 6 and 7, respectively. The second input of the signal combining unit 9 is the input 14 of the self-monitoring of the target sensors.

The electronic-temporal device 2 contains an ignition capacitor 15, a discharge 17 and a charging 16 resistors, a cocking key 18, an electric detonator activation key 19, a microprocessor 20. The input / output of the microprocessor 20 is the input / output of the electronic-temporal device 2. The first, second, third, and the fourth inputs of the microprocessor 20 are the first, second, third and fourth inputs of the electronic time device 2, respectively. The first and second outputs of the microprocessor 20 are connected respectively to the first inputs of the cocking key 18 and the key 19 for activating the electric detonator. The second input of the cocking key 18 is connected to the second output (“+ Pit”) of the power source 10, and the output is connected to the first terminals of the discharge 17 and the charging 16 resistors. The second terminal of the charging resistor 16 is connected to the first terminal of the ignition capacitor 15 and is the first output of the electronic-temporal device 2. The second terminal of the ignition capacitor 15 is connected to the second terminal of the discharge resistor 17, with the first output (“OB”) of the power supply 10 and with the first output a key 19 for activating an electric detonator. The second output of the key for engaging the electric detonator is the second output of the electronic time device 2, and the second input is connected to the third input of the microprocessor 20. The third output of the microprocessor is the third output of the electronic time device 2.

The transceiver 1 of the serial interface can be performed on a chip that provides the functions of the transceiver of this interface. As the serial interface 11, a CAN interface can be used.

The microprocessor 20 can be performed on a microcontroller with internal program memory.

The cocking key 18 and the activation key of the electric detonator 19 can be made on the basis of transistors.

The sensitivity controller 8 can be performed on the basis of the comparator.

The signal combining unit 9 can be made in the form of a signal combining circuit based on diodes.

The inertial contactor 3 and the switch 4 of the initial state can be made on the basis of push-button switches.

The critical sensor 5 can be made in the form of a wire located on the body of the product.

Contact sensors of the target 6, 7 can be performed on the basis of piezoelectric transducers, which generate electrical signals at the moment of meeting the product with the target.

The mechanical stage of protection 13 can be made on the basis of an electric motor.

Electronic fuse works as follows.

For the normal operation of the electronic fuse, its input / output is connected first to the serial interface 11, the electric detonator 12 is connected to the first and second outputs, the mechanical protection stage 13 is connected to the third output. On-board equipment must also be connected to the serial interface 11 (not shown in the figure) .

After switching on the electronic fuse, the microprocessor 20 in the electronic-time device 2 conducts a self-diagnosis of the electronic fuse, during which the signals from the contact sensors of the target 6, 7 are checked, which are fed to the signal combining unit 9, from the output of which they go to the input of the sensitivity regulator 8, s the output of which is fed to the microprocessor 20. Also, checks are carried out of the signals from the outputs of the inertial contactor 3, the initial state switch 4, the critical sensor 5 and the signals that blunt from the microprocessor 20 to the inputs of the cocking key 18 and the key to activate the electric detonator 19. When checking the electronic fuse, it is additionally allowed to use the input of the self-monitoring of the target sensors 14, which simulates the operation of contact target sensors. According to the results of the self-diagnosis, the microprocessor 20 generates a status word, which is transmitted through the transceiver of the serial interface 1 and the serial interface 11 to the on-board equipment upon receipt of a request from it. The transmission of the status word can occur repeatedly during the operation of the electronic fuse upon requests received from the on-board equipment via the serial interface 11.

After entering the electronic fuse from the on-board equipment through the serial interface 11 of the command to start operation, the microprocessor 20 starts counting the following delays: before the start of the interval of operation of the inertial contactor 3; before the start of the cocking interval; before self-destruction. At the same time, the microprocessor 20 controls the mechanical stage of protection 13 to change the state of the switch of the initial state 4. Changing the signal from the switch of the initial state 4 changes the status word, which forms the microprocessor 20. During operation of the electronic fuse, the word of the state generated by the microprocessor 20 changes depending on microprocessor 20 input signals, as well as from commands received from the on-board equipment. According to the status word received from the electronic fuse, the on-board equipment controls the correct operation of the electronic fuse and, if necessary, can stop its further operation. After counting the delay before the start of the interval of operation of the inertial contactor 3, the microprocessor 20 waits in the specified interval for the arrival of the switching signal from the inertial contactor 3, as well as the receipt of the confirmation command, via the serial interface 11 from the on-board equipment. Upon receipt of the expected signal and confirming command, the microprocessor 20 controls the mechanical stage of protection 13 to enable the electric detonator 12 to be activated in the future. After counting the delay to the start of the cocking interval, the microprocessor 20 waits for the cocking command to be received via the serial interface 11 from the on-board equipment. Upon receipt of a confirmation command via the serial interface 11 from the on-board equipment, the microprocessor 20 generates a signal to open the cocking key 18. After opening the cocking key 18, the + PIT circuit, from the power supply 10, is supplied to the charging 16 and discharge 17 resistors and the ignition capacitor 15 is charged through the charging resistor 16. The discharge resistor 17 provides discharge of the pilot capacitor 15 when closing the cocking key 18 during abnormal operation of the electronic fuse. After charging the ignition capacitor 15, the electronic fuse is cocked.

During further work, microprocessor 20 expects signals from contact sensors of targets 6, 7 (the number of contact sensors of the target in this scheme can increase) and from critical sensor 5. When a signal appears at the output of any of the sensors of target 6 or 7 (or both simultaneously) , the signal combining unit 9 generates one output signal supplied to the sensitivity regulator of the signals 8, which, with a sufficient amplitude of the input signal, transmits to the microprocessor 20 a signal indicating the operation of the sensors 6, 7. When abatirovaniya target sensors 6, 7, the microprocessor 20 counts the activation delay of the electric detonator 12 received from the on-board equipment via the serial interface 11. After the countdown of the activation delay of the electric detonator 12, the microprocessor 20 opens the activation key of the electric detonator 19, which leads to the discharge of the ignition capacitor 15 to the internal resistance of the electric detonator 12, providing its operation. When the critical sensor 5 is triggered, which occurs when critical destruction of the product begins, the microprocessor 20 stops the delay counting and opens the activation key of the electric detonator 19, which leads to its operation, as described previously. In the event of a failure of the microprocessor 20, which may occur when interacting with the target, the signal from the critical sensor 5, regardless of the microprocessor 20, opens the activation key of the electric detonator 19, which leads to its operation, as described previously. In the absence of signals from the contact sensors of the target 6, 7 and from the critical sensor 5, the microprocessor 20, under the conditions that the electronic fuse is cocked, and the delay before self-liquidation has been counted, opens the key to activate the electric detonator 19, which leads to its operation.

Claims (1)

An electronic fuse containing a power source, an electronic-temporal device including an ignition capacitor and the first input of which is connected to the output of an inertial contactor, characterized in that at least two contact target sensors, a signal combining unit, a signal sensitivity regulator, are critical sensor, initial state switch, serial interface transceiver, the first input / output of which is the input / output of an electronic fuse, and the second input / output One is connected to the input / output of the electronic time device, the first, second and third outputs of which are the first, second and third outputs of the electronic fuse, the first output of the power source is connected to the inputs of the inertial contactor and the initial state switch, the output of the last of which is connected to the second input electronic time device, the third input of which is connected to the output of the critical sensor, and the fourth input is connected to the output of the signal sensitivity controller, the input of which is connected to the output the signal combining unit, each first input of which is connected to the output of the corresponding target target sensor, the second input of the signal combining unit is an input of the self-monitoring of the target sensors, while the electronic-time device contains discharge and charging resistors, a cocking key, an electric detonator activation key, a microprocessor, input / the output of which is the input / output of the electronic time device, the first, second, third and fourth inputs of the microprocessor are the first, second, third and fourth inputs by the odes of the electronic time device, respectively, the first and second outputs of the microprocessor are connected respectively to the first inputs of the cocking key and the activation key of the electric detonator, the second input of the cocking key is connected to the second output of the power source, and the output is connected to the first terminals of the discharge and charging resistors, the second terminal of the charging resistor connected to the first output of the ignition capacitor and is the first output of the electronic-time device, the second output of the ignition capacitor is connected to ring terminal of the discharge resistor, to a first output power source and to the first output engagement key EB, the second output engagement EB key is the second output of the electron-timing device, and a second input connected to a third input of the microprocessor, the third microprocessor output is the third output of the electronic timing device.

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