RU2706865C1 - Self-propelled machine with internal combustion engine and electromechanical transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the vehicles. Self-propelled machine contains engine and electromechanical transmission containing traction generator, traction motor, controller and braking resistor adapted for conversion of electric energy in power buses to heat energy. Design of braking resistor provides internal channels of liquid cooling or external cooling ribs, corrosion-resistant to ICE cooling fluid, and / or oil, and / or fuel. Braking resistor can be built in structural element of self-propelled machine washed by heated medium. Controller connects braking resistor to power buses both during thermal preparation of self-propelled machine to operation at low ambient temperatures, and in presence of overvoltage on power busbars.

EFFECT: reduced time of thermal preparation of machine.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to industrial and agricultural tractors, road construction vehicles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles and other tracked and wheeled self-propelled vehicles with an electromechanical transmission, designed to perform earthmoving, construction, road, transport, agricultural and other works at low ambient temperatures.

Known self-propelled machine with a hybrid transmission, containing traction motors, a generator connected to an internal combustion engine (ICE), a generator output voltage rectifier connected to DC buses, traction motor inverters connected to these buses, as well as braking resistors connected to power tires using automatic switches. To cool the braking resistors, a fan is used that is driven by an electric motor connected to an additional inverter (US 8054016 B2, 11/08/2011).

The disadvantage of this machine is its increased complexity and, accordingly, reduced reliability due to the use of a separate electric motor and inverter in the fan drive of the brake resistors.

A self-propelled machine with an electromechanical transmission is also known, in which braking resistors are placed in the air flow of the internal combustion engine fan (RU 2648652 C1, 03/27/2018).

The disadvantage of this machine is its inability to work in winter conditions, due to the lack of elements of the machine’s thermal preparation for work, as well as the non-use of thermal energy released on the braking resistor for this preparation.

In addition, the low heat capacity of the air necessitates the use of large-sized braking resistors and, accordingly, to increase the size, volume and mass of the transmission and the self-propelled machine as a whole.

Also known is a self-propelled machine equipped with an automated engine pre-heat preparation system for internal combustion engines, containing electric heaters for engine coolant, engine oil, fuel filter, fuel intake and battery (battery) connected to a microprocessor control unit, to which an indication unit, an oil pump and temperature sensors are connected engine coolant, engine oil, diesel fuel, battery electrolyte, environment, electrolyte density and fuel transparency (RU 134 248 U1, 10.11.2 013).

Its disadvantages include increased complexity and reduced reliability, which is due to the use of many electric heaters.

Hydraulic-driven self-propelled machines have similar disadvantages, in which the thermal preparation of hydraulic equipment (hydraulic motors, pumps, etc.) for operation at low ambient temperatures is carried out using heating elements attached to this equipment that are connected to current sources and thermally insulated from the environment ( RU 2550215 C1, 05/10/2015; RU 94649 U1, 05/27/2010; RU 2387888 C1, 04/27/2010).

Closest to the proposed one is a self-propelled machine with an internal combustion engine and an electromechanical transmission containing a traction generator (mechatronic generator module) that converts the mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into electrical energy transmitted to power buses, traction motors that are part of the mechatronic traction modules and used to drive the drive wheels or machine tracks, as well as brake resistors and a control system, which includes the transmission controls of the machine, microprocessor controllers , including a brake resistor controller that connects these resistors to the power buses depending on the voltage on these tires, and a power transmission controller (converter) that provides a reversible exchange of electrical energy between the power buses and traction motors. The braking resistors, traction generator and traction motors have a common liquid cooling system combined with the internal combustion engine cooling system (RU 2550408 C1, 05/10/2015).

In this self-propelled machine, brake resistors are used only to absorb the energy generated by traction motors when braking the machine. In this case, the energy released in the braking resistors, part of which is transferred to the engine coolant, does not affect the preparation time of the self-propelled machine for operation, since it is transmitted to the braking resistors only during braking of the machine, i.e. after the start of her movement.

Therefore, the disadvantage of this self-propelled machine is its inability to work at low operating temperatures, due to both the absence of the elements of its thermal preparation for work in the machine design and the non-use of the thermal energy released by the braking resistors for this purpose. Accordingly, to reduce the time it takes to prepare this self-propelled machine for work in the winter period of time, it is necessary to install additional elements of its thermal preparation for work on this machine, which leads to a complication and a corresponding decrease in the reliability of this machine.

From the analysis of analogues and prototype it follows that in the prior art the technical problem of creating a self-propelled machine with an internal combustion engine and an electromechanical transmission, adapted to work in low ambient temperatures and having a simple structure and high reliability, has not been solved. The objective of the invention is the creation of such a machine.

The technical result provided by the invention is to reduce the time of thermal preparation of a self-propelled machine with an internal combustion engine and an electromechanical transmission for operation at low ambient temperatures without complicating the design of this machine.

In a self-propelled machine with an internal combustion engine and an electromechanical transmission containing a traction generator, which is directly or through a matching device mechanically connected to the internal combustion engine and converts at least a portion of the mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into electrical energy transmitted to the power buses, at least one traction motor adapted to converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmitting it to at least one track or drive wheel of a self-propelled machine, at least one controller s gearbox adapted for transferring electric energy from power buses to the windings of at least one traction motor and for reverse transmission to power buses of electric energy generated by at least one traction motor in the braking mode of the self-propelled machine, as well as at least one braking resistor adapted for converting electrical energy in power buses into thermal energy under the control of at least one brake resistor controller, set for They are solved due to the fact that the design and placement of at least one brake resistor is adapted to use the thermal energy released on this brake resistor to heat-prepare the self-propelled machine for operation at low ambient temperatures, the brake resistor controller providing it with power to tires both during the specified heat treatment, and in the presence of overvoltages on power tires.

In order to achieve the specified technical result in private embodiments of the invention:

- the self-propelled machine contains a battery connected to the power buses, and at least one brake resistor controller transfers electric energy of the pre-charged battery from the power tires to one or more brake resistors adapted to heat the machine for operation at low ambient temperatures ;

- on a self-propelled machine, it is possible to receive electric energy from an external source to power buses, and the controller (s) of the brake resistor (brake resistors) provides the ability to transfer this electric power through the busbars to the brake resistor (resistors) during the thermal preparation of the machine for operation;

- the controller (s) of the braking resistor (s) provides the ability to transfer at least a portion of the electrical energy of the generator from the power lines to the braking resistor (braking resistors) during thermal preparation of the machine for operation;

- the self-propelled machine contains one or more internal combustion engine temperature sensors, or oil in the internal combustion engine lubrication system, or oil in the hydraulic system of the working equipment, or air in the internal combustion engine air supply system, or fuel in the internal combustion engine fuel supply system, or oil in the transmission power transmission lubrication system, or air in the cab of a self-propelled machine, while at least one braking resistor is made with its cooling by the flow of a medium (liquid, gas), for measuring the temperature of which the specified sensor is installed, and the controller In addition, the braking resistor (braking resistors) connects the braking resistor (braking resistors) to the power buses depending on the results of said temperature measurement, and the self-propelled machine is equipped with an appropriate pump or fan to carry out at least one flow of said medium.

The implementation of the distinctive features of the independent and dependent claims provides for the receipt of the same technical result.

This is due to the fact that the single inventive concept of the proposed technical solution consists in such a design of a self-propelled machine with an internal combustion engine and an electromechanical transmission, in which at least one braking resistor of this transmission, in addition to the traditionally performed function of overvoltage protection in power circuits, is additionally used for thermal preparing the machine for work at low ambient temperatures.

Due to these distinctive features of the independent claim, which provides for the design and placement of at least one braking resistor on a self-propelled machine from the conditions for using the thermal energy released on it for thermal preparation of the machine for operation, the time required for thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine for operation in low conditions is reduced ambient temperatures. Moreover, since at least one brake resistor and a controller for its control are already present in the electromechanical transmission, the use of this brake resistor to solve a different problem, namely, for the thermal preparation of the machine for operation, does not require any additional installation on the self-propelled machine elements. It is enough to change the design of the braking resistor and its placement on the machine from the condition of redirecting the heat generated on it to those working fluids (liquids and gases) and the structural elements of the self-propelled machine, the heating of which is necessary for its preparation for work, as well as adjusting the algorithms for connecting the braking resistor to power buses . Correction of the algorithms implies connecting a braking resistor to the power buses, not only in the presence of overvoltages on these buses, but also if necessary, the specified heating. Therefore, the implementation of these distinctive features provides a reduction in the time of thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine for operation without installing additional heating elements and control devices for these elements, i.e. without complicating its design.

The implementation of the distinctive features of the independent and dependent claims, characterized in that the energy for thermal preparation of the machine for work comes from the battery (battery), from an external source of electric energy and / or from the generator, reduces the time of thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine for work for due to the decentralized placement of individual braking resistors that perform the functions of electric heaters, directly near the nodes and assemblies of the self-propelled machine, requiring odogreva their working fluids (liquids and gases) specified in Sec. 5 claims, by increasing the thermal capacity of the heating mediums, and also due to individual adjustment of each heat capacity of the braking resistor. Moreover, the reduction in the time of thermal preparation is achieved without installing additional structural elements on the self-propelled machine and, accordingly, without complicating its design. Therefore, the implementation of the hallmarks of the independent and dependent claims is in direct causal relationship by achieving the same technical result.

To clarify the technical essence, the principle of operation and the possibility of implementing the proposed device, the example of a simplified diagram of a self-propelled tracked vehicle with ICE and electromechanical transmission (EMT) is shown as an example.

The role of the primary energy source of the self-propelled machine is performed by the drive engine 1, made in the form of an internal combustion engine (ICE). The implementation of various kinematic schemes of the motor-transmission installation of a self-propelled machine is possible. The drawing shows a sequential kinematic diagram, which eliminates the mechanical connection of the internal combustion engine with a caterpillar mover.

The working equipment of a self-propelled machine, which can be made in the form of a blade of a bulldozer, a bucket of a loader or excavator, lifting equipment, a manipulator, etc., as well as the drive of this equipment, are not conventionally shown in the drawing.

ICE directly or through a matching device - a mechanical elastic or compensating clutch, a multiplier, etc., is connected to a generator 2, which can be called a traction generator and is a source of electrical energy for two traction motors 3 and 4 and brake resistors (after starting the engine for termination of thermal preparation of the machine for work).

Traction motors can be asynchronous, synchronous with permanent magnets on the rotor or reactive induction.

In the latter case, each of them contains a stator with poles and phase windings made in the form of lumped coils placed on the poles of a stator magnetic circuit, and a rotor with a gear magnetic circuit, also made of sheets of electrical steel and mounted on its shaft. Such electric motors without a field winding are called valve induction jet engines (WFD, VID, VIRD) in Russian literature, and in English literature they are called electric motors with variable magnetic resistance: ((Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) ”.

Traction generator 2 may have a design similar to or different from traction motors 3, 4.

Traction motors are built into the drive wheels or are located at the drive sprockets within the track circumference, or are placed in the body of a self-propelled vehicle. Their output shafts can be connected to drive wheels or drive sprockets 5, 6 of a tracked vehicle directly (for small self-propelled vehicles) or through transmission devices - final drives 7, 8, driveshafts, couplings, etc.

It is preferable to use oil-filled planetary final drives with integrated hydraulically or electrically operated normally closed parking or working brakes 9, 10.

It is also possible to implement a self-propelled machine, the electromechanical transmission of which contains one traction electric motor. In this case, the transmission devices with which the mechanical energy is transferred from the traction motor to the drive wheels or tracks of the machine, in addition to the final drives 7, 8, contain the main gear with a differential control device, or with on-board friction clutches and working brakes 9, 10, which provide the opportunity turning the car.

Electric energy from the generator 2 is supplied to the power buses 11 through the controller of the generator 12. In the case of using an asynchronous generator or a synchronous generator with permanent magnets on the rotor, it can be made in the form of a power controlled or uncontrolled rectifier (shown in the drawing), which converts the alternating output voltage traction generator 2 into a constant voltage power bus 11.

The controller 12 of the generator 2 can also be implemented as a power electronic converter or switch with microprocessor control. In this case, it additionally provides switching of the generator windings during its operation in the electric motor mode when starting the internal combustion engine and during operation in the braking mode of the self-propelled machine by the engine.

The power transmission controller 13 is designed to convert DC voltage on the power buses 11 to multiphase alternating voltage or unipolar pulses supplied to the phase windings of the traction motors 3, 4, as well as for their reverse conversion to direct voltage when the traction motors in the generator mode when self-propelled braking cars. It contains power electronic switches made mainly on the basis of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), in particular, combined into transistor or diode-transistor modules, galvanically isolated drivers of these transistors (modules), microcontrollers or digital signal processors, as well as interface devices adapted to control power electronic keys and to exchange information between other controllers of a self-propelled machine, including its transmission. The exchange can be carried out via the CAN bus (Controller Area Network). It is possible to use a different interface - LIN (Local Interconnection Network), RS-485 (EIA / TIA standard), etc., as well as individual signal wires.

For several (two or more) traction motors 3, 4, one (common) multi-channel (two-channel) power transmission controller 13 (shown in the drawing) or separate controllers for each traction motor can be used. It is also possible to install several controllers operating on a single traction motor, for example, when crushing power into sections of its stator.

The power transmission controller 13 may also be referred to as a traction motor controller, an inverter, an electronic switch, a frequency converter, a power electronic unit, a microprocessor control unit, and the like.

The transmission contains one, two or more braking resistors 14, generally made structurally separate and placed in different parts of the car’s self-propelled machine. They can be interconnected in series, parallel or in a combined series-parallel circuit. To control each brake resistor or group of brake resistors, separate controllers are used, or one (common) brake resistor controller 15.

Each single-channel brake resistor controller (if the transmission contains several such controllers) or a multi-channel brake resistor controller contains respectively one or more electronic power switches that connect the brake resistors to the power buses 11, and a power switch (power switch) control device, implemented mainly on microcontroller and equipped with CAN interface.

The cooling of at least one braking resistor 14, structurally implemented with liquid or air cooling, is carried out by any working medium (liquid or air) of the self-propelled machine. It is possible to cool individual braking resistors with ICE coolant, oil in the internal combustion engine lubrication system, oil in the hydraulic system of the working equipment, air in the internal combustion engine air supply system, fuel in the internal combustion engine fuel supply system, oil in the transmission power transmission lubrication system, air in the cabin of the self-propelled vehicle, etc. . There are various options for cooling brake resistors and, accordingly, heating the cooling medium. For example, a transmission of a self-propelled machine can have three braking resistors, of which the first and second are structurally made with liquid cooling by ICE fuel and ICE coolant, and the third braking resistor is cooled by air flow in the ICE's air supply system.

The design of braking resistors may include liquid cooling channels or external cooling fins that are corrosion resistant to the specified medium (coolant, oil, etc.). Braking resistors can, in particular, be built into the structural elements of a self-propelled machine, washed by a heated medium, for example, built into the engine block of the engine.

The location of the braking resistors on a self-propelled machine is selected from the condition of reducing the length of the pipelines or channels connecting these resistors to the units and assemblies of the machine, as well as from the condition of their convenient location and maintenance on the machine.

The rated resistance and power of each braking resistor 14 are selected when designing a self-propelled machine depending on the working medium (fluid, air), for which each braking resistor is used, and the power needed to heat it during thermal preparation of the machine for operation.

In this case, the total power of all brake resistors, in order to effectively use them to prevent overvoltages on power buses 11, should exceed the power generated by traction motors 3, 4 in braking mode, including when a self-propelled machine moves on long descents.

The drawing schematically shows the inclusion of a braking resistor 14 in the engine cooling system. In this case, the coolant flow of the internal combustion engine or its lubricating oil is pumped through this resistor and radiator 17 through the circulation pump 16. Excess heat, including the use of a braking resistor 14 to absorb the energy generated by traction motors 3, 4 during braking machine, is removed by the air flow created by the fan 18 and passing through the air radiator 17.

During the thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine for operation, when the temperature of the coolant (or oil in the internal combustion engine lubrication system) is lower than the preset value, the thermostat valve 19 directs the fluid flow bypassing the radiator 17 and all the heat generated in the forcedly turned on braking resistor 14, It is used for thermal preparation of internal combustion engines.

A self-propelled machine may contain one or more of the described control loops with various braking resistors implemented to heat up any working medium (liquid, air). In each of these circuits, a circulation pump can be installed driven by the internal combustion engine or from separate electric motors with corresponding drive controllers for these pumps connected to the power bus 11 and to the CAN bus. Radiators and thermostat valves may not be present in these circuits.

An energy storage device 20 made in the form of a storage battery (battery) and / or capacitors can be connected to the DC busbars 11.

A device 21 can also be connected to these buses, which ensures the transmission of electric energy to an external power source 11, for example, an external three-phase 380V alternating current network. This device has an output voltage that is consistent with the voltage on the power buses 11, coming from the controller (rectifier) of the generator, or adapted to charge the battery 20.

Examples of such devices are an adjustable three-phase bridge thyristor rectifier and an unregulated diode rectifier with a voltage regulator.

The device 21 can be located both on a self-propelled machine and outside it. Its connection during the parking of the self-propelled machine to the power bus 11 or to an external source of electrical energy (if the device is located on a self-propelled machine) is carried out using a power electrical connector.

The control system of a self-propelled machine, which may also be called an electrical equipment system, generally includes high-voltage and low-voltage parts. It may contain one or more controllers, mainly microprocessor ones, including a top-level controller (main or master controller) 22 and the mentioned controllers of the traction generator, power transmission (traction motors) and brake resistors 12, 13, 15, as well as the operator’s workplace 23, sensors of operation parameters of the self-propelled machine and its working equipment, low-voltage equipment devices (power supply, lighting, audible alarm, etc.) and other devices.

Controllers can be implemented using discrete electronic components, microcircuits of varying degrees of integration, as well as microcontrollers. They can also be called control units, control devices, switches, power electronic converters, inverters, input and load blocks, information control units or devices, etc.

The operator’s workstation 23, the electronic part of which is connected via CAN to the upper-level controller (master controller) 22, includes self-propelled machine controls and an operator information panel. The controls are designed to generate control signals for a self-propelled machine and its working equipment (if any). They include a control element for the thermal preparation of the self-propelled vehicle for operation, an apparatus for controlling its movement (joystick, steering wheel, etc.), an engine start key 1, key and button switches, a fuel control handle, brake and accelerator pedals, and / or a de-distributor, controls for working equipment, microclimate in the cab, etc.

The electrical equipment (control) system can be implemented with the possibility of remote and / or automated control of a self-propelled machine. In this case, it includes a means of wired or wireless communication, connected, for example, to the CAN bus, which provides remote control commands for a self-propelled machine from a stationary post (remote control), including commands for its thermal preparation for work.

It is also possible to automatically start the thermal preparation of the machine for operation at a preset time. In this case, the top-level controller 22 or another controller of the electrical system contains a real-time clock and a control program for the device for connecting an external energy source (rectifier-stabilizer) 21 and brake resistor controllers 15 that connect the brake resistors 14 to the power buses 11 to carry out this preparation.

The operator panel, also called the instrument panel, instrument cluster, display unit, information display unit, etc., is made in the form of a set of electromechanical indicators, a graphic panel, light signaling devices, etc. It provides a display of the operation parameters of a self-propelled machine , as well as the formation of emergency and warning signals for the operator (driver, tractor operator).

Sensors of the parameters of the self-propelled machine are designed to monitor the parameters of its operation, including its transmission and working equipment. These include temperature sensors for liquids and air, the heating of which is carried out by brake resistors during the thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine for work, as well as pressure and level sensors for working fluids (oil, fuel, engine coolant) in the transmission and engine 1, longitudinal and transverse tilt of the self-propelled machine (roll gauge), its position (GPS / GLONASS signal receivers), traction, acceleration, angular speeds and position of the rotors of the traction electric motors 3, 4, air temperature in the cab other sensors.

In sensors, both direct and indirect measurement of parameters can be implemented. For example, temperature measurement can be carried out by monitoring the temperature of the walls of pipelines or tanks with any working fluid.

Sensors can be made with CAN interface or with any other interface (4-20mA, 0.5-4.5V, with resistive output, etc.). Their connection is carried out, respectively, either directly to the CAN bus, or through any controller or additional interface converter.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Before starting the work of the self-propelled machine, the operator (tractor driver, driver, driver) remotely from the external control panel (post) of control or using the control body located at the operator’s workplace 23, turns on the electrical system of the machine and starts its thermal preparation for work.

This launch can also be done automatically. In this case, the start time of this preparation is entered into the top-level controller 22 or another controller containing a real-time clock remotely or from the workstation 23, and the specified controller performs this start at the set time.

The implementation of thermal preparation involves the connection to the power bus 11 of an external energy source from the device (rectifier-stabilizer) 21, if this is possible on a self-propelled machine, or if a charged battery 20 is available on this machine.

The results of measuring the temperature of the engine coolant, and / or the oil in the internal combustion engine lubrication system, and / or the oil in the hydraulic system of the working equipment, and / or the air in the internal combustion engine air supply system, and / or the internal combustion engine fuel, and / or the oil in the transmission power transmission lubrication system , and / or air in the cab of the self-propelled machine, and / or other medium coming from temperature sensors to the CAN bus, the upper level controller 22, the brake resistor controller 15 or any other controller are compared with the set values of these temperatures, previously written to the memory of this controller. Depending on the results of this comparison, the controller (s) 15 connects the braking resistor (s) 14 to the power buses 11, and also turns on the drive of the circulation pump (circulation pumps) 16 if it is controllable (with an electromechanical drive).

This connection can be either discrete or pulse-width (PWM). In the latter case, by selecting the PWM duty cycle, the power is transmitted to the braking resistor 14, which is optimal for the heat treatment of the corresponding medium (liquid, air) of the component of the self-propelled machine.

After reaching the current temperature value of this medium, controlled by the sensor, the set value, the controller of the brake resistor 15 turns off this resistor and, accordingly, heating this environment.

In the case of the use of circulation pumps 16 with electromechanical drives, the controllers of these drives can reduce or increase the performance of the pumps as the controlled environment warms up. At the same time, the controller 15 controls the heat output of the heating allocated to the corresponding braking resistor 14. This provides an additional reduction in the time of thermal preparation of the machine for operation, as well as a reduction in thermal shock in the system of this preparation.

At the same time, two or more of these heating circuits using various braking resistors can be implemented on a self-propelled machine.

The start of the internal combustion engine can be carried out before the end of thermal preparation for the operation of the self-propelled machine as a whole. In this case, the top-level controller (central controller) 22 generates an ICE start signal after reaching the temperature of the ICE coolant, and / or oil in the ICE lubrication system, and / or air in the ICE's air supply system to a value that allows it to be launched.

Next, the completion of the thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine is carried out using the electric energy of the generator 2.

After starting the engine, the operator remotely or from the workplace 23 sets the working speed and direction of movement of the self-propelled machine.

ICE 1 directly or through a matching gear / multiplier rotates the rotor of the traction generator 2. Its output voltage with the help of a power rectifier (generator controller) 12 is converted to DC voltage + Uc, -Uc on the power buses 11, which is fed to the power transmission controller (traction motor controller) 13 traction motors 3, 4, to the power keys of the brake resistor controllers 14 and, if necessary, to the controllers of the circulating pump drives 16.

The upper level controller 22 coordinates the operation of all electronic components of the self-propelled machine, including its electromechanical transmission, and, depending on the signals from the sensors and controls located on the remote control or at the operator’s workplace 23, implements control functions self-propelled machine, including its transmission, ICE and working equipment. In this case, the control of the internal combustion engine can be carried out directly from the controller 22, or through an additional internal combustion engine controller.

Other controllers receive control signals from the upper-level controller 22 via the local CAN network, and also, if necessary (for example, in emergency operation of the self-propelled vehicle), directly from sensors, controls of the self-propelled machine or from other components of its control system. For example, the emergency stop signal of a self-propelled machine may come from the emergency stop button (lever) directly to the power train controller 13.

Algorithms for the interconnected and automated control of the components of a self-propelled machine, including transmission and working equipment, are preliminarily determined by calculation or experimentally, recorded in the memory of controllers 12, 13, 15, 22 and then programmatically implemented by microcontrollers that are part of them.

The power transmission controller 13 converts the DC voltage + Uc, -Uc of the power buses 11 into alternating voltage or into unipolar pulses of adjustable frequency and duty cycle supplied to the phase windings of the traction motors 3, 4. The torque generated by the traction motors directly or via additional gear devices (couplings, torsions, final drives 7, 8, etc.) are transmitted to the drive sprockets 5, 6 of the tracks or to the drive wheels, as a result of which the self-propelled machine moves in accordance etstvii with the direction and the speed set by the operator.

When braking the machine, traction motors 3, 4 go to work in generator mode. The braking energy from these electric motors through the power transmission controller 13 is transmitted to the power bus 11, which leads to an increase in voltage on these tires.

The controller of the braking resistor 15, in order to limit this voltage to an acceptable level, implements, in particular, an on-off relay control algorithm. In this case, using a power switch, a brake resistor 14 (a group or array of resistors forming a brake resistor) is connected to the power buses 11 if the value of this voltage exceeds the maximum allowable value. After reducing this voltage to an acceptable value, the braking resistor 14 is turned off, the voltage on the power buses 11 rises again and then the processes in the device are repeated until the braking (stop) of the self-propelled machine stops.

Accordingly, the braking resistors 14 are used both for the thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine for operation at low ambient temperatures, and for limiting overvoltages on the power buses 11 during braking of the self-propelled machine.

If the machine has a battery (energy storage) 20, then part of the braking energy is transferred to this drive, with the aim of its subsequent use for the subsequent movement of the self-propelled machine, and for its thermal preparation for work. Otherwise, the operation of the device remains the same.

If during the operation of the self-propelled machine at low temperatures an unacceptable decrease in the temperature of a medium (coolant, oil, air) occurs, then the proposed device is heated by brake resistors. The energy for such heating is transferred from the generator 2. This inclusion of braking resistors, as in the thermal preparation of the self-propelled machine for operation, is not associated with the presence of overvoltage on the power buses 11.

For specialists in the art it is also clear that in addition to the described variants of a self-propelled machine with an internal combustion engine and an electromechanical transmission, other variants of its implementation are also possible based on the characteristics set forth in the claims.

Claims (5)

        1. Self-propelled machine with an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electromechanical transmission, comprising a traction generator that is directly or through a matching device mechanically connected to the ICE and converts at least a portion of the ICE mechanical energy into electrical energy transmitted to the power buses, at least one traction motor adapted to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmit it to at least one track or drive wheel of a self-propelled vehicle, at least one controller adapted for transmitting electric energy from power buses to the windings of at least one traction motor and for reverse transmission to power buses of electric energy generated by at least one traction motor in braking mode of a self-propelled machine, as well as at least one braking resistor, adapted to convert electrical energy in power buses into thermal energy under the control of at least one controller, characterized in that the design of the at least one braking resistor provides for the presence of internal channels of liquid cooling or external cooling fins, corrosion-resistant with respect to the internal combustion engine coolant, and / or oil, and / or fuel, and at least one braking resistor may be integrated in at least one structural element of a self-propelled machine, washed by a heated medium, in particular, is integrated in the engine block of the engine, with at least one controller configured to connect at least braking resistor-stand to bus bars both during the preparation of the thermal self-propelled machine for operation at low ambient temperatures and in the presence of surges on the power rails.         2. The self-propelled machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a battery connected to the power buses, and at least one controller is adapted to transmit electrical energy of the pre-charged battery from the power buses to at least one braking resistor adapted for thermal preparation of the machine for work at low ambient temperatures.         3. The self-propelled machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to transmit electrical energy from an external energy source to the power bus, and at least one controller is adapted to transmit electrical energy from the power bus to at least one brake resistor, adapted for thermal preparation of the machine for work at low ambient temperatures.         4. The self-propelled machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one controller is adapted to transmit at least a portion of the electric energy of the generator from the busbars to at least one braking resistor adapted to heat prepare the machine for operation at low ambient temperatures Wednesday.         5. Self-propelled vehicle according to any one of paragraphs. 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that it contains at least one temperature sensor for engine coolant, or oil in the internal combustion engine lubrication system, or oil in the hydraulic system of the working equipment, or air in the internal combustion engine air supply system, or fuel in the internal combustion engine fuel supply system, or oil in the lubrication system of the power transmission of the transmission, or air in the cab of the self-propelled machine, and at least one braking resistor is configured to cool it with a stream of at least one specified medium, for measuring the temperature of which the specified sensor is capable of, and at least one controller is adapted to connect at least one braking resistor to the power buses depending on the result of said temperature measurement, while the self-propelled machine is equipped with at least one circulation pump to carry out the flow of at least one specified medium or a fan.

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