RU2706221C1 - Extremely low frequency range radio transmitter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communications.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering and can be used in designing a radio transmitter of extremely low frequency range with wavelength exceeding 1,000 km. To achieve the technical result, a radio transmitter of the ultra-rare-frequency band is proposed, which enables to bring information to the correspondent via the radio channel of the ELF range in the conditions of finding the correspondent in the "dead zone" – limited region in the near radiation zone, characterized by virtually no signal. Method is based on realizing radiation duplication in turns at two different frequencies.EFFECT: high reliability of communication.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of radio engineering and can be used to develop a radio transmitter of the ultra-low frequency range with wavelengths exceeding 1000 km.

Known ELF transmitter. Product "Quarter-2" ЖЯ1. 200.292 P34. The excitation signal generation equipment of 1991. NPO Komintern. The radio transmitter consists of an exciter, a power amplifier and a control unit.

The disadvantage of this transmitter is that it does not have the ability to bring information to the correspondent located in the "dead zone". The “dead zone" here means a limited area on the earth's surface at a distance from the antenna 0.437-0.447 wavelength λ ELF range, where the electromagnetic field of the ultra-low frequency range is practically zero. The mathematical rationale for this is given below.

и магнитной

составляющих переменного электромагнитного поляWell-known analytical expressions (Nikolsky VV, Nikolskaya TI Electrodynamics and propagation of radio waves. - M .: LIBROKOM, 2014, p. 326) for calculating the electric

and magnetic

components of an alternating electromagnetic field

- ток элементарного излучателя;

- длина элементарного излучателя; r - расстояние от излучателя; ω - круговая частота; k - волновое число (для свободного пространства справедливо

λ - длина волны рабочей частоты); ε₀, ε - электрическая постоянная и относительная диэлектрические проницаемость соответственно (для свободного пространства справедливо ε=1); ϑ - угол между вертикальной осью и направлением на объект (в направлении перпендикулярном к вертикально стоящему излучателю в сферической системе координат ϑ=0,5π, sin ϑ=1, cos ϑ=0) позволяют определить зависимости фаз электрической ψ(r) и магнитной ϕ(r) составляющих электромагнитного поля от расстояния от излучателя. Они определяются отношением величин их вещественных и мнимых частейWhere:

- current elementary emitter;

- the length of the elementary emitter; r is the distance from the emitter; ω is the circular frequency; k is the wave number (for free space,

λ is the wavelength of the working frequency); ε ₀ , ε are the electric constant and relative dielectric constant, respectively (for free space, ε = 1 is true); ϑ - the angle between the vertical axis and the direction to the object (in the direction perpendicular to the vertically standing emitter in the spherical coordinate system ϑ = 0.5π, sin ϑ = 1, cos ϑ = 0) allow us to determine the phase dependences of the electric ψ (r) and magnetic ϕ (r) components of the electromagnetic field from a distance from the emitter. They are determined by the ratio of the values of their real and imaginary parts

После несложных преобразований получим:In practice, it is more convenient to use distances normalized to the wavelength of the emitted oscillation

After simple transformations we get:

Now, the electric and magnetic field components can be represented as follows, adopted for complex quantities:

This shows that for ψ (r) = ± 0.5π and ϕ (r _n ) = ± 0.5π cos (ψ _n ) = 0 and cos (ϕ _n ) = 0, which means that the real values of the electric and magnetic components of the field are equal to zero . When such an event is simultaneous, the field assumes a purely reactive character, since electric and magnetic fields are characterized only by their imaginary components of complex characteristics.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. Figure 2 shows graphs of the phase changes of the electric ψ1 (r _n ) and magnetic ϕ1 (r _n ) field strengths and the phase difference of these vectors χ _n depending on the distance of the operating frequency normalized to the wavelength, calculated according to the above formulas. Of greatest interest in the range under consideration is the near radiation zone, characterized by the condition r << λ. For this reason, the graph is limited by the value of the normalized distance r _n = 1, which corresponds to a distance from the emitter equal to r = λ.

The graph analysis in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 showed that between the distance values r _n = 0.437 ... 0.447, r = (0.437 ... 0.447) λ, the phase of the electric field varies from + 90 ° to + 87.5 °, the phase of the magnetic field varies from -90 ° to -87.5 ° and, therefore, in this interval cosψ _n = 0 ... 0,044, cosϕ _n = 0 ... -0,044.

Фазы векторных величин

и

и их разность определены выше. Угол между векторами остается постоянным и равным γ=0,5π. Расчетное соотношение для вектора Пойнтинга может быть представлено в следующем виде:

Длина диполя

и расстояние r нормировались к длине волны λ. При расчете вектора Пойнтинга приняты следующие условия: I_m=1А, ε=1 (справедливо для свободного пространства), нормированная длина волны λ_n=1. Результат расчета представлен на графике Фиг. 3. Величина вектора Пойнтинга на графике обозначена P_n. График наглядно продемонстрировал наличие существенного падения энергии сигнала в области распространения 0,437λ…0,447λ.The average value of the Poynting vector is determined by the analytical expression:

Phases of vector quantities

and

and their difference is defined above. The angle between the vectors remains constant and equal to γ = 0.5π. The calculated ratio for the Poynting vector can be represented as follows:

Dipole length

and the distance r was normalized to the wavelength λ. When calculating the Poynting vector, the following conditions are accepted: I _m = 1A, ε = 1 (valid for free space), normalized wavelength λ _n = 1. The calculation result is shown in the graph of FIG. 3. The value of the Poynting vector on the graph is denoted by P _n . The graph clearly demonstrated the presence of a significant drop in signal energy in the propagation region of 0.437λ ... 0.447λ.

Thus, we can conclude that there is a "dead zone" in this range of distances from the emitter, characterized by substantially low values of the levels of electric and magnetic field strengths.

All known ultra-low frequency transmitters do not have devices that exclude the possibility of bringing information to the correspondent located in the "dead zone".

The aim of the invention is to bring the signal of the ultra-low frequency range to the correspondent in the absence of information about its exact coordinates and located in the "dead zone".

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the radio transmitter of the ultra-low-frequency range, containing the control panel, pathogen and power amplifier, the information output of the control panel is connected to the information input of the pathogen, and the output of the control circuit of the control panel is connected to the input of the control circuit of the pathogen, the information output of the pathogen is connected to information input of the power amplifier, the output of the control circuit of the pathogen is connected to the input of the control circuit of the power amplifier, to the output of which an antenna feeder is connected, an operating frequency correction block is also included, the information input of which. connected to the information output of the control panel, and its input of the control circuit is connected to the output of the control circuit of the control panel, the information output of the operating frequency correction unit is connected to the information input of the pathogen, and its output of the control circuit is connected to the input of the control circuit of the pathogen.

In FIG. 4 presents a block diagram of the proposed transmitter ultra-low frequency range. The designations adopted in FIG. 4, the following:

1. - control panel;

2. - operating frequency correction unit;

3. - pathogen;

4. - power amplifier.

The operation of the radio transmitter is as follows. From the operator’s control panel, a command is issued to turn on the correction unit, pathogen and power amplifier. By this command, all the specified elements of the radio transmitter receive power voltage. Upon receipt by the control circuits of confirmation of the readiness for operation of all the indicated elements of the radio transmitter, an operator from the control panel via the control circuit enters a command to tune all of the indicated elements of the radio transmitter to the operating frequency ƒ _p1.

- постоянная величина.The functioning algorithm of the operating frequency correction unit provides for sequential operation at 2 frequencies. At the beginning of the information transfer session, the correction unit transmits a command from the control panel to adjust the pathogen and power amplifier to the operating frequency ƒ _p1. Upon completion of the adjustment of the pathogen intended for the formation of harmonic oscillations in the operating frequency of the radio transmitter (Radio Engineering: Encyclopedia / Ed. By Yu.L. Mazor, E.A. Machussky, V.I. Pravda. - M.: DMK Press, 2016, p. 334), and the power amplifier and the operator receiving a signal from the indicated elements of the radio transmitter about their readiness for work, an information signal is transmitted from the control panel via the information circuit to the correction unit, which is transmitted via the information circuit to the pathogen, which forms the information th signal at the operating frequency ƒ _p1 and transmits it to the information input of the power amplifier for its amplification and broadcasting. At the same time, in the correction block, an information signal is recorded in the memory of the correction block and the frequency rating ƒ _p2 is determined by the formula ƒ _p2 = ƒ _p1 K, where

is a constant value.

After the transfer of information at a frequency of ƒ _{p1 is completed,} the correction unit automatically sends a command to the pathogen on the control bus and tunes to the frequency amplifier ƒ _p2 on the power amplifier and, upon completion of tuning, transmits previously recorded information transmitted at frequency ƒ _p1 to the pathogen through the information circuit. In this case, if at the frequency ƒ _{p1 the} correspondent is in the “dead zone”, then at the frequency ƒ _p2 he is guaranteed to get out of it. The frequency ƒ _{p2 is} determined from the condition that the lower boundary of the "dead zone" at a frequency of ƒ _p1 with a wavelength of λ ₁ is the upper boundary of the "dead zone" of a frequency wave of ƒ _p2 since 0.437 and 0.447 are normalized to the operating frequency wavelength λ lower and upper boundaries "Dead zone".

Thus, when using the operating frequency correction unit, which provides duplication of information transmission at two frequencies overlapping the “dead zone”, it will significantly increase the transmission of information in the ELF range to the correspondent.

Claims (1)

The ultra-low-frequency radio transmitter, consisting of a control panel, a pathogen and a power amplifier, with the information output of the control panel connected to the information input of the pathogen and the control circuit output of the control panel connected to the input of the control circuit of the exciter, the information output of the pathogen connected to the information input of the power amplifier, circuit output the control of the pathogen is connected to the input of the control circuit of the power amplifier, the output of which is connected to an antenna feeder, characterized in that the operating frequency correction unit is additionally included in the radio transmitter, the information input of which is connected to the control panel information output, and its control circuit input is connected to the control panel control circuit output, the information output of the working frequency correction block is connected to the information input of the exciter, and its circuit output control connected to the input of the control circuit of the pathogen.

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