RU2705676C1 - Method of impulse treatment of productive formation at extraction of hydrocarbon raw material and control system, which carries out - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to mining and can be used for impulse treatment of productive formation. Proposed method comprises generation of disturbing dual electrohydraulic pressure pulses with time delay between said pulses in well bore at level of productive stratum. Value of delay is determined a priori by known model, and pulse pairs repetition frequency and their number are set proceeding from optimal dominant frequencies of oscillations of geoblocks determined based on known knowledge and / or empirical data. After the processing process is completed, its efficiency is determined during the process of approbation by the level of fluid influx and / or its gradient, composition of the well fluid, and if necessary, the process is repeated by changing the parameters of disturbing pressure pulses until achieving the optimum result. Also disclosed is a pulse processing control system.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of efficiency of extraction of hydrocarbon material in low-yield deposits and deposits with hard-to-recover reserves.

10 cl, 3 dwg

Description

A group of inventions relates to a technology for improving the production of hydrocarbons. Reserves of easily mined hydrocarbons are running out. A significant part of the operational well stock in the fields of most countries is at the stage of final development, and the share of fields with hard-to-recover reserves is growing. For this reason, the creation and development of effective methods to increase the productivity of productive formations is sharply updated.

Among the most effective explosive technologies is the dilatation rock decompression technology (DTRP), which successfully solves the problem of intensifying the production rate of production wells and increasing the injectivity of injection wells. Dilatancy is a change not only in shape but also in volume under shear loading of solid media, especially those with a granular structure. The technology provides the creation of a volumetric network of microcracks and pores in the reservoir to force the flow of fluid to the bottom of the well. Dilatancy decompression of rocks is characterized by the formation and growth of macro- and microdefects of their structure due to the increase in slip and fracture areas with non-zero opening, which is the artificial porosity of the rock (Mikhalyuk A.V. Dilatansiya and its effect on rock properties under extreme dynamic loads. Kiev : VIPOL, 2001, 102 pp.).

It should be noted that during shock-explosive impact on the reservoir, in addition to the dilatancy effect, the effect of damped oscillations is observed, when the shock wave propagates through the reservoir. These oscillations are relaxation oscillatory movements of geoblocks at dominant frequencies within the reservoir (Defining laws of soil mechanics. / Ed. By V.N. Nikolaevsky. M: Mir, 1975, 208 pp.). When resonance phenomena occur inside the reservoir, the process of opening pore formations that are clogged by various squeezers that have entered the reservoir during the development of the well and production (decolmation process) develops, which also contributes to an increase in fluid flow.

A technical solution is known (Mikhalyuk A.V., Mukhin E.A., Mikhalyuk S.A., Zakharov V.V. Dilatation technology for torpedoing wells to intensify the production of underground fluids. - Kiev: VIPOL, 1999, 66 pp.) in dilatancy torpedoing of wells with torpedoes with blasting explosive charges placed in them with a total mass of about 10 kg. Torpedoes in a single amount (usually a couple of torpedoes) are lowered into the well to the level of the reservoir and carry out alternate blasting with a deceleration interval, thereby forming a double impact on the reservoir. As a result of this, an uneven loaded state arises inside it, the result of which is dilatancy decompression of the formation rock. In some cases, this method has proven itself practically. Its main advantage is the ability to create a pressure pulse, obviously exceeding the critical level (threshold) level in power to ensure dilatancy decompression. However, it has flaws. The method is based on a priori calculations of exposure parameters, the correctness of which cannot be verified before work is carried out with rather expensive preparatory and final work and, accordingly, adjustment for an unsatisfactory result is problematic. In addition, the use of explosives in the working process carries the risks of destruction in the well space and dangers of a subjective nature.

A known method of intensifying oil production, in which the shock wave is excited in the liquid of the bottomhole zone of the well by pulsed discharges of an electric discharge device introduced through the casing into the bottomhole zone, and the generated shock wave is transmitted through the liquid of the bottomhole zone from the well into a productive oil and gas bearing layer, and the shock wave is excited carried out from the outside of the casing, and the electric discharge device is removed outside the casing through the hole made casing (RF patent №2199659, IPC E 21 B 43/25, publ. 27.02.2003 city).

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in operation associated with the preparation of the casing pipe in the well in the bottom hole zone and the installation of an electric discharge device in the casing pipe, as well as the limited impact zone.

A known method of impact on the bottom-hole zone, in which electrodes are installed in the interelectrode space, then a high voltage pulse is applied to the electrodes, forming an electric arc between them and, thus, breaking the interelectrode gap and obtaining a plasma channel between the electrodes with the formation of electric discharges in the liquid the medium of the well, and the interelectrode space is ionized, and the breakdown of the interelectrode space is carried out by imp lsami high voltage electrode gap breakdown of energy used to recover the destroyed ionized discharge layer and pulsing is performed in time with an oscillatory process occurring in the borehole (RF patent №2663770, IPC E 21 B 43/25, publ. 9.8.2018 g).

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in adjusting the repetition rate of high-voltage pulses, since this frequency is set by the oscillatory system, which includes the movable electrode construct and the borehole space, where this construct plays the dominant role without tuning elements.

There is a method of influencing the bottom-hole zone of a well and oil-saturated formations, in which, in a hydraulic medium in a well cavity by means of a device containing a storage capacitor, electrodes closed by a metal conductor with a given cross section create an electro-hydraulic pressure pulse by applying a high voltage pulse to the electrodes at intervals of 20 up to 70 seconds, providing an exploding conductor. Also provide the movement of the source of the pulse at a distance of 300 to 1000 millimeters (RF patent No. 2373386, IPC EV 43/25, publ. November 20, 2009).

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of regulating the duration of the pressure pulse, and hence the energy spectral composition of the pressure wave acting on the reservoir. At the stated duty cycle, this pulse is single, respectively, its main energy spectral composition contains an almost continuous spectrum of frequencies from 0 to 1 / t (τ is the pulse duration, that is, for example, at τ = 50 μs the frequency range is from 0 to 20 kHz) s higher energy in the low frequency region. This spectral composition provides, on the one hand, a high probability of resonance coincidence with dominant frequencies of vibration of geoblocks inside the formation, and on the other hand, with a broadband energy distribution, a significant part of it attenuates without consequences.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method of pulsed processing of a reservoir during hydrocarbon production and a control system that implements it, using controlled electro-hydraulic action in the development of young-run deposits and fields with hard to recover reserves during operation of injection wells.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon production due to delatanic decompression of rocks and decolmatization of productive formations.

The specified technical result is achieved by the method of pulsed processing of the reservoir during hydrocarbon production, in which disturbing twin electro-hydraulic pressure pulses with a time delay between these pulses are periodically formed in the wellbore at the level of the reservoir. The delay value is determined a priori by the known model, and the pulse pairs repetition rate and their number are set based on the optimal dominant vibration frequencies of geoblocks, determined on the basis of known knowledge and / or empirical data. After completion of the processing process, its effectiveness in the Testing process is determined by the level of fluid inflow and / or its gradient, the composition of the borehole fluid, and if necessary, the process is repeated, changing the parameters of the disturbing pressure pulses to achieve the optimal result.

According to the invention, electro-hydraulic pressure pulses with a cylindrical shape of the shock wave and high speed pulse formation can be used.

According to the invention, the treatment of the reservoir can be carried out for production and injection wells.

According to the invention, the treatment of the reservoir can be carried out directly in the process of hydrocarbon production or autonomously, outside the production process.

According to the invention, it is possible to control the energy spectral composition of disturbing pulses by changing the width of the pulses, the time delay between the double pulses, and the repetition period of the pairs of pulses.

According to the invention, in order to prevent the dissipation of energy of electro-hydraulic action along the wellbore, the borehole zone of the reservoir can be shielded in this zone.

The problem is solved by a control system for the pulsed processing of the Productive formation during hydrocarbon production, consisting of a borehole and a surface part. The borehole part includes two separate electro-hydraulic impact units connected to the first output of the control unit, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the shielding packer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the power supply unit, the first input of the downhole communication unit and the first input of the control unit, the second input -the output of which is connected to the second input-output of the downhole communication unit. The third input-output of the downhole communication unit is connected to the control device dilatancy technology decompression layers located in the ground part.

According to the invention, as a communication channel between the borehole and the ground part, you can use both a specially organized channel and those available as part of the technological downhole equipment.

According to the invention, in order to expand the formation treatment zone, the electro-hydraulic impact units can have a sectional structure distributed vertically.

According to the invention, the stator winding of the submersible electric motor from the installation of the electric submersible pump or a stand-alone electrochemical or electromechanical electric power source or remote power supply can serve as a primary source of electrical energy for the power supply unit.

The essence of the method and its implementation is based on theoretical principles substantiating relaxation effects in the dynamics of rocks. According to these provisions, when a shock is applied to a productive formation, a pressure wave arises along the formation, which forms a stress wave in this formation. This wave, in addition to creating an unevenly loaded state of the formation elements, also causes relaxation vibrational movements of geoblocks at dominant frequencies inside the formation (Defining laws of soil mechanics. / Ed. By V.N. Nikolaevsky. M .: Mir, 1975, 208 pp.) . This contributes to the dilatancy of the reservoir and its decolmation. Accordingly, the parameters of the disturbing effect should provide the proper effect, i.e. the amplitude and energy of the impact should be above a critical value, and its temporal parameters ensure the formation of pressure modes at the optimal Dominant frequencies of the formation. It was also found that in studying the behavior of rocks under dynamic mechanical loads, the onset of shear deformation of rock elements lags behind the applied stress by several milliseconds (phase shift between the stress and strain fronts). The phase shift can be interpreted as the necessary time for the transition of rock elements from a static state to a dynamic one (A.V. Mikhalyuk, VV Zakharov. Relaxation effects in the dynamics of soils and rocks // Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2000, vol. 41 , No. 3, p. 202-212).

The inventive method involves the use of the effect of electro-hydraulic effects to create disturbing waves in the reservoir. The advantage of this type of exposure is high specific energy efficiency with a sufficiently high speed of pulse formation, especially with a cylindrical shape of the shock wave.

The method is as follows. Disturbing twin pressure pulses of electro-hydraulic nature are periodically formed in the wellbore at the level of the reservoir. Initially, the time delay between these pulses is a parameter determined a priori according to the well-known model taking into account the phase shift between the stress and strain fronts in the rock, for example (A.V. Mikhalyuk, V.V. Zakharov. Relaxation effects in the dynamics of soils and rocks / (Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2000, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 202-212), and the repetition rate of pulse pairs and their number is set based on the notions of optimal dominant vibration frequencies of geoblocks, determined on the basis of a priori knowledge and / or empirical experiments (Defining the laws of soil mechanics. / Ed. by V.N. Nikolaevsky. M: Mir, 1975, 208 pp.). If the strain front in this area of the formation coincides with the front of the second pressure pulse following the first pressure pulse (after a time equal to the phase shift - a double pulse), then there is a positive interference of the action of both pulses due to the fact that the energy of the second pulse is applied to the elements of the reservoir, already in dynamics. As a result of this interference of pressure pulses, maximum deformation is achieved under the conditions of a given deformability of the soil and the energy of pressure pulses.

After completion of the first stage of processing, its effectiveness in the process of testing is determined by the level of inflow and / or its gradient, the composition of the well fluid. If necessary, repeat the processing process, changing the parameters of the impact to achieve the optimal result. The criterion for the optimal result is the maximum inflow of the well fluid and the improvement of its composition.

In order to prevent the dispersion of impact energy along the wellbore, the borehole zone of the reservoir is shielded in this zone.

The spectral energy continuum of the proposed impact is determined by the width of the pulses, the time delay between the double pulses and the period of the pulse pairs, which will allow you to flexibly control the energy spectral composition of the disturbing effect.

The proposed method can be implemented directly in the process of hydrocarbon production or autonomously, outside the production process.

The method of pulsed processing of the reservoir during hydrocarbon production and the control system implementing it are illustrated by the drawings in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows an example of a layout diagram of equipment for pumping downhole fluid through the installation of an electric submersible pump (UEPN), which includes elements of a control system for impulse processing of a productive formation (ICS). In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a control system. In FIG. Figure 3 shows an example of a block diagram of a dilatancy decompression technology control device.

In FIG. 1 shows: 1 and 2 - formers of electro-hydraulic action (FEV); 3 - shielding packer (EP); 4 - geophysical cable (GK); 5 - downhole hardware compartment (SAO); 6 - submersible part of the telemetry system (TMS); 7 - casing; 8 - UEPN; 9 - power cable (SC); 10 - tubing (tubing); 11 - control station UEPN (SU UEPN) and 12 - control device dilatancy technology decompression layers (UU DTRP).

In FIG. 2 shows: 1 - FEV1 and 2 - FEV2; 3 - EP; 12 - UU DTRP; 13 - control unit (control unit); 14 - power supply unit (BEP) and 15 - downhole communication unit (BSS). A control system consists of a borehole and a surface part. It includes, as part of the borehole part, two separate blocks of the FEV 1 and FEV 2 connected to the first output of BU 13, the second output of which is connected to the first input of EP 3, the second input of which is connected to the output of BEP 14, the first input of BSS 15 and the first input BU 13. The second input-output BU 13 is connected to the second input-output of the block BSS 15, the third input-output of which is connected to the UU DTRP 12 located in the ground part.

In FIG. 3 shows: 16 - operator panel (software); 17 - processor unit (BOP); 18 - ground communication unit (BSN) and 19 - measuring unit (BI). Here BSN 18 has three inputs and outputs, the first for connecting via a communication channel with CAO 5, the second for connecting to a top-level control system, and the third for interacting with a power unit 17 through its first input and output. The second input-output of the PB unit 17 is used to connect the operator panel, and its third input is connected to the output of the BI unit 19.

According to FIG. 1 SUOP is aggregated as follows. In the ground part to the SU UEPN connected UU DTRP. The composition of the borehole assembly, in addition to the main technological equipment (tubing, SK, UEPN, TMS), includes a pressurized compartment of the CAO in which individual borehole blocks of the control system are located. EP and FEV 1, 2 in the zone of the productive formation are suspended by the SAO on the main group or rod.

The method of pulsed processing of the reservoir using the OPS is as follows. The operation of the control system is initiated by a command from the top-level control system. This command can be formed both by means of the control system of the electric power supply unit and by the upper level control system. Through the communication channel used by TMS 6 and SU UEPN 11 or a separate channel UU DTRP 12 submits the necessary control command and settings through BSS 15 to BU 13, located in SAO 5. BU 13 by means of ES 3 cuts off the productive formation along the wellbore for the duration of the treatment and starts, according to the accepted instructions, the FEV 1 and FEV 2 blocks into operation.

UU DTRP (Fig. 3) contains BSN 18, through which it is connected to the communication channel with CAO 5 and to the upper level of control, including the SU UEPN. BI 19 is necessary to monitor the operation of the downhole part of the control system, for example, by recording acoustic signals arriving through the casing.

The main parameters of the control system, the time delay between the pairs of pulses, their number and repetition rate, initially established on the basis of a priori modeling on rock samples and known reservoir models, are stored in the BU 13 equipment. After the completion of the processing cycle, the EP 3 opens and starts the testing process, for example , in assessing the level of inflow or gradient of inflow by appropriate measuring instruments (not shown). Evaluation of the results takes place either at the top level of management, or in UU DTRP 12 on the basis of information feedback through BSN 18 in an automatic or automated mode. If necessary, repeat the treatment cycle after adjusting the exposure parameters. Processing is carried out until an optimal result is achieved.

In addition to the mentioned blocks, BEP 14 is located in SAO 5. Its task is to provide all the blocks in the borehole with power supply with the necessary characteristics. A stator winding of a SEM specially formed for this purpose, an autonomous electrochemical or electromechanical source of electric power, and remote power supply can serve as a primary source of electric power for BEP.

The proposed SMSS can work autonomously. For example, before the UEPN or the sucker rod pump (SHG) is lowered into the well on the cable, the downhole part of the control system is lowered so that the PV units are at the level of the reservoir, and the system is initiated in accordance with the above algorithm.

In general, the proposed system belongs to the class of optimal adaptive systems of extreme control using simplified models of controlled processes, in particular, empirical models. Algorithms for adjusting parameters to achieve optimum are known (Handbook of Theory of Automatic Control / Edited by A.A. Krasovsky. - M .: Nauka. Gl. Ed. Phys.-Math. Lite. 1987, 712 pp.).

The implementation of devices and blocks of the control system is known. FEV units can be implemented on the basis of two well-known principles - controlled electrical breakdown of a liquid in a gap (megaobuchalka.ru/11/55143.html) and forced burning of a conductor in a liquid medium (Electrical explosion of conductors. Transl. From English, ed. A .A. Rukhadze, I.S. Shpigel, ed. Mir, Moscow, 1965). The composition of these devices in general includes electrodes, high voltage sources, capacitive storage, mechanical and control units. Their comparative characteristics are known. To expand the zone of treatment of the reservoir blocks can have a sectional structure distributed vertically.

ES 3 can be implemented using existing serial controlled packers with electric drive or available specialized devices.

The circuitry and design implementation of BSS 15 depends on the type of communication channel used. In its simplest form, using a separate wired communication channel with the UU DTRP 12, this is the equipment of a half-duplex data transmission system used by serial geophysical instruments. In other cases, for example, when using the TMS communication channel, structurally known, practical, hardware and software-algorithmic matching of BSS equipment with TMS is carried out.

BU 13 can be performed on the basis of programmable logic using modern microprocessors. The implementation of BEP 14, taking into account the achievement of modern circuitry, is beyond doubt.

An example of the structure of the UD DTRP shown in FIG. 3, explains the interaction of known elements of the device. It should be noted that the execution of the BSN 18 block should provide, if necessary, a set of interface modules for the communication channel with CAO 5, SU UEPN 11 and equipment of an external control level.

The proposed method of pulsed processing of the reservoir during hydrocarbon production and the control system that implements it have the following advantages:

1. The iterative nature of the process of processing the reservoir significantly provides a significant increase in the permeability of the reservoir.

2. The proposed system is universal. It is effective for both producing and injection wells. It can be used directly during production, aggregating into the composition of technological equipment, and autonomously.

3. The proposed method and system provides high productivity and safety of work in the fields.

4. The use of formers of electro-hydraulic action as pulsed shock sources makes it possible to virtually eliminate the risks of destruction of the elements of the borehole space, causing harm to the environment.

Thus, the proposed invention improves the efficiency of hydrocarbon production in low-yield fields and fields with hard to recover reserves through the use of pulsed processing of a reservoir with controlled electro-hydraulic action

Claims (10)

1. The method of pulsed processing of the reservoir during hydrocarbon production, in which disturbing twin electro-hydraulic pressure pulses are periodically formed in the wellbore at the level of the reservoir with a time delay between these pulses, the magnitude of which is determined a priori by the known model, and the pulse pulse repetition rate and their the quantity is set based on the optimal dominant vibration frequencies of geoblocks, determined on the basis of known knowledge and / or empirical data, moreover, To complete the processing process, determine its effectiveness in the testing process by the level of fluid inflow and / or its gradient, the composition of the well fluid, and, if necessary, repeat the process, changing the parameters of the disturbing pressure pulses to achieve the optimal result. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the use of electro-hydraulic pressure pulses with a cylindrical shape of the shock wave and high speed pulse formation. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the treatment of the reservoir is carried out for production and injection wells. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the processing of the reservoir is carried out directly in the process of hydrocarbon production or independently, outside the production process. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they control the energy spectral composition of the disturbing pulses by changing the width of the pulses, the time delay between the double pulses and the repetition period of the pairs of pulses. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in order to prevent the dissipation of energy of electro-hydraulic effects along the wellbore, the borehole zone of the reservoir is shielded in this zone. 7. The control system for the pulsed processing of the reservoir during hydrocarbon production, consisting of the borehole and ground parts, which includes two separate electro-hydraulic units in the borehole part, connected to the first output of the control unit, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the shielding packer, the second input which is connected to the output of the power supply unit, the first input of the downhole communication unit and the first input of the control unit, the second input-output of which is connected to the second input - the output of the downhole communication unit, the third input-output of which is connected to the control device dilatancy technology decompression layers, located in the ground part. 8. The system according to p. 7, characterized in that as a communication channel between the borehole and ground parts, both a specially organized channel and those available as part of the technological downhole equipment are used. 9. The system according to p. 7, characterized in that for expanding the zone of treatment of the formation, the blocks of electro-hydraulic action have a sectional structure distributed vertically. 10. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the stator winding of the submersible electric motor from the installation of the electric submersible pump, or an autonomous electrochemical or electromechanical electric power source, or remote power supply serves as the primary source of electrical energy for the power supply unit.

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