RU2705502C1 - Turbo compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacturing technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compressor building, particularly, to axial, diagonal and axial-flow compressors of gas-turbine plants. Turbo compressor comprises housing with working and guiding vanes arranged therein, in which above working vanes ends there is an above-rotor device consisting of housing and annular grid formed by ribs and slotted channels between them. Annular cavity communicating with flow part of turbo-compressor via slot channels between annular grid forming ribs is formed between housing of above-rotor device and annular grid. Body of the above-rotor device is equipped with at least one through hole for annular cavity communication with subsequent stages of the turbo-compressor. In the body of the above-rotor device there are sealing bushings. In annular cavity above annular grid there are annular segments installed with possibility of overlapping slot-type channels of annular grid. Circular slots are made on annular segments to accommodate sealing spacers arranged above ends of annular segments to overlap clearance there between. On internal surfaces of ring segments and sealing spacers there are sealing elements from plastic material. Each annular segment is provided with a hole for a threaded bushing, and the housing of the above-rotor device and the ring segments are connected to each other by means of flexible movable elements, one end of which is rigidly fixed in the threaded bushing by an uninterrupted connection, and other end is rigidly fixed in sealing bushing by one-piece connection.

EFFECT: invention enables to reduce the negative effect of the above-rotor device in operating modes at n_Pr= 0,85…1.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to compressor engineering, in particular to axial, diagonal and centrifugal compressors of gas turbine plants.

A turbocompressor is known (patent RU 2162164 C1, 01/20/2001) with a rotor device containing an annular cavity located in the housing in front of and above the impeller blades, communicating with the flow part of the turbomachine through the slots between the ribs forming the grating in cross section inclined to the radius of the housing, and having an angle between the lateral surface of the ribs and the axis of the compressor. This technical solution is selected as a prototype of the proposed invention.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is that the cavity of the rotary device always communicates with the flow part of the compressor, which causes negative effects in the range of the compressor at n _pr = 0.85 ... 1.00. In particular, there is a drop in the efficiency of the compressor stage, in which the rotor device is installed, and as a result, a drop in the efficiency of the compressor as a whole. It is also possible to reduce the reserves of gas-dynamic stability of the compressor.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the negative effect that the nadrotor device has in operating modes at n _pr = 0.85 ... 1.00, due to the separation of the cavity of the nadrotor device and the flow part of the compressor when switching to the above mode due to the installation of control plates in the cavity that overlap the slots of the lattice of the rotor device. When the compressor operating mode is returned n _pr <0.85, the cavities of the rotor device and the compressor path are inversely connected.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the known turbocharger comprising a housing with working and guide vanes located therein, in which a rotor device is made above the ends of the working vanes, consisting of a housing and an annular lattice formed by ribs and slot channels between them, while between the housing of the rotor device and the annular lattice, an annular cavity is formed, communicating with the flow part of the turbocompressor through slotted channels between the fins forming the annular lattice, according to the proposal The housing of the rotor device is equipped with at least one through hole for communicating the annular cavity with subsequent stages of the turbocompressor, while the sealing sleeves are placed in the housing of the rotor device, annular segments placed with the possibility of overlapping slotted channels of the annular array are placed in the annular cavity above the annular grill, circumferential grooves are made in the annular segments, in which sealing spacers are placed, installed above the ends of the annular segments with possible the gap between them, while on the inner surfaces of the annular segments and sealing spacers are fixed sealing elements made of plastic material, and each annular segment is provided with an opening for the threaded sleeve, the body of the rotor device and the annular segments are interconnected by means of elastic movable elements, one end of which is rigidly fixed in the threaded sleeve by a one-piece connection, and the other end is rigidly fixed in the sealing sleeve by a one-piece connection.

The sealing sleeve may have a flange connected to the sleeve by means of a detachable or one-piece connection, wherein the flange is fixed to the housing by means of a detachable connection. In these embodiments of the device, the sealing sleeve should be provided with a sealing ring of plastic material.

The sealing sleeve can also be fixed to the housing by means of a one-piece connection.

The presence in the cavity of the rotor device of the ring segments with sealing spacers, which, pressing against the annular lattice of the rotor device with slotted channels, allows you to separate the cavity of the rotor device from the flow part of the compressor. The pressure of the annular segments with sealing spacers is due to air, the static pressure of which is greater than the static pressure in the flow part. Air enters the cavity of the rotor device through an opening in the housing and is taken from the subsequent compressor stages. To guarantee the return of the annular segments to a non-working position when the pressure supply to the cavity of the rotor device is stopped, elastic movable elements, for example return springs, are used.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a turbocharger

In FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a turbocharger along the line AA in the position when the rotary device is closed

In FIG. 3 is a cross section of a turbocharger along the line AA, in the position when the rotary device is open

1 - the body of the rotor device;

2 - annular lattice with slotted channels;

3 - the impeller of the compressor;

4 - ring segments;

5 - a sealing spacer;

6, 7 - sealing elements;

8 - hole in the housing of the rotor device;

9 - elastic movable element;

10 - threaded sleeve;

11 - a sealing sleeve;

12 - a sealing ring;

13 - circumferential grooves;

14 - a flange;

15 - flow part of a turbocompressor;

16 - cavity nadrotornogo device.

The turbocharger contains a rotor device, which includes a cavity of the rotor device (16), formed by the body of the rotor device (1) and the annular lattice of the rotor device (2) with slotted channels. The nadrotorny device is located above the impeller (3) in the flow part (15) of the turbocharger. The device consists of annular segments (4) and sealing spacers (5). To improve the tightness at the ends of the annular segments (4), sealing elements (6) of plastic material are fixed. On the inside of the sealing spacers (5) around the perimeter, sealing elements (7) of plastic material are also fixed. Sealing elements (6) and (7) minimize the leakage from the cavity (16) to the cavity (15) and can be made of various plastic materials such as rubber or fluoroplastic. Elastic movable elements (9), which may be leaf or ring springs, are fixed in the annular lattice (2) through the threaded bushings (10) and in the housing (1) through the sealing sleeve (11). The presence of thread on the sleeve (10) is due to the assembly technology of the entire node of the adjustable rotor device. To ensure tightness, a sealing ring (12) of plastic material, for example rubber, is installed on the sealing sleeve (11). The choice of the method of fastening the sealing sleeve (11) to the housing (1) is determined by the engine operation strategy. If it is necessary to rebuild the over-rotor unit assembly (for example, during overhaul repairs), the sealing sleeve (11) must be secured with a detachable screw connection through the flange (14). If the disassembly of the rotor device assembly is not provided for by the engine life cycle, then it is allowed to fix the sealing sleeve (11) on the housing (1) by means of an integral connection, for example, by welding or soldering. In this case, the rubber ring is not installed. For symmetrical pressing of the ring segments (4) to the annular lattice of the rotor device (2), two planes of elastic movable elements (9), for example, return springs, are introduced into the structure. To ensure a constant position of the sealing spacers (5) relative to the annular segments (4), circumferential grooves (13) are made on the segments (4).

At compressor operating modes with n _ol <0.8 ... 0.85, pressure is not supplied to the cavity (16). Due to the pressure drop and the elastic force of the movable elements (9), the annular segments (5) and the sealing spacers (5) are pressed against the housing (1). Thus, the rotor device is in working condition. With an increase in the compressor operating mode, through the hole (8), pressure is supplied to the cavity (16) from one of the subsequent compressor stages, which, acting on the ring segments (5) and the sealing spacers (5), press them from above to the annular lattice of the rotor device (2) ) Thus, the slots in the annular lattice (2) are covered, and the rotor device stops working.

The number of holes (8) is selected based on the condition of maintaining a constant pressure in the cavity (16) during the entire compressor operation time in the modes n _pr > 0.8 ... 0.85, which is determined by the efficiency of the sealing elements (6) and (7), and as well as the required speed of transfer of the nadrotor device from the working to the idle state.

Assembly is as follows.

The ring segments (4) and sealing spacers (5) are installed in the housing (1), while the sealing spacers (5) are inserted into the circumferential grooves (13) made on the ring segments (4). The threaded bushings (10) are screwed into the threaded holes in the annular segments (4), within which elastic movable elements (9) are installed, on the back of which the sealing bushings (11) are installed with sealing, for example, rubber rings. Then, the sealing sleeves (11) are fixed on the housing (1). The following fixing options are possible: by means of a threaded connection of the sealing sleeve (11) with a flange (14), which, in turn, is fixed to the housing (1) by a detachable connection; by means of an integral connection of the sealing sleeve (11) with a flange (14), which in turn is fixed to the housing (1) by a detachable connection; by means of an integral connection (welding or soldering) of the sealing sleeve (11) with the body (1), while the rubber rings are not installed, the tightness of the connection is ensured by a continuous connecting seam. The housing (1) with the assembled seal unit of the rotor device is attached to the turbocharger stator housing by a detachable threaded connection, after which an annular grill (2) is installed in the housing (1).

Claims (5)

1. A turbocharger comprising a housing with working and guide vanes located in it, in which a rotor device is made above the ends of the rotor blades, consisting of a housing and an annular lattice formed by ribs and slot channels between them, while between the housing of the rotor device and the annular lattice is formed an annular cavity in communication with the flow part of the turbocompressor through the slotted channels between the ribs forming the annular lattice, characterized in that the casing of the rotor device is equipped with at least one through hole for communication of the annular cavity with the subsequent steps of the turbocharger, while the sealing sleeves are placed in the housing of the rotor device, annular segments are placed in the annular cavity above the annular array, which are installed with the possibility of overlapping slotted channels of the annular array, circumferential grooves are made on the annular segments in which sealing spacers are placed installed above the ends of the annular segments with the possibility of overlapping the gap between them, while the inner surfaces of the annular segments and the sealing spacers are fixed with sealing elements made of plastic material, and each annular segment is provided with an opening for the threaded sleeve, the housing of the rotor device and the annular segments are interconnected by elastic movable elements, one end of which is rigidly fixed in the threaded sleeve by an integral connection, and the other end is rigidly fixed in the sealing sleeve by an integral connection. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing sleeve has a flange connected to the sleeve by means of a detachable connection, wherein the flange is fixed to the housing by means of a detachable connection. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing sleeve has a flange connected to the sleeve by means of an integral connection, while the flange is fixed to the housing by means of a detachable connection. 4. The turbocharger according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the sealing sleeve is provided with a sealing ring of plastic material. 5. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing sleeve is fixed to the housing by means of an integral connection.

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