RU2704675C1 - Optical field generating device for teleorientation of controlled objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device can be used in controlled weapons systems with a television orientation system in an optical field formed by a laser beam. Proposed device comprises coaxially arranged sighting device and projector including pulse shaper, injection laser, optical element and lens. Projector includes a matrix of deflected micromirrors and a control unit, the first output of which is connected to the input of a matrix of deflected micromirrors, and the second output is connected to the input of a pulse shaper, the output of which is connected to the laser. Optical axis of the lens and the laser radiation axis lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of deflection of the micromirrors and intersect at one of the micromirrors at an angle equal to twice the angle of deviation of the micromirrors from the plane containing the axis of deviation of the micromirrors, and the laser is mounted near the focal plane of the system formed by the optical element, micromirrors and the lens.

EFFECT: high accuracy of guidance, high reliability and longer life of the device.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of remote control of machines, in particular, aircraft, and can be used in complexes of guided weapons with a semi-automatic beam guidance system.

A known method [1] of forming an optical field for teleorienting controlled objects, mainly controlled aircraft, comprising emitting an optical stream and filling it with a zone in the vicinity of the optical axis of the sight, characterized in that the zone is filled by scanning with flat rays, and the rays are deflected with mutual a time shift along mutually perpendicular coordinate axes perpendicular to the ray planes, and the radiation is produced by packages, each of which consists of two pulses, the time interval between which is constant for each of the rays and has its own value for each beam, while the time intervals between packages for each of the rays change when the beam deviates from the optical axis of the sight, and the sign of the deviation of these time intervals from the reference values corresponding to zero values of the coordinates, change when the beam passes the direction coinciding with the optical axis of the sight.

A known optical sight [2] of a guided projectile guidance system comprising a coaxially mounted sight and a searchlight, including two injection lasers, emitting regions of which are perpendicular to the axes of the measured coordinates, a laser radiation output system on a single optical axis, an optical scanner mounted in series on this axis made in the form of a rotating prism, and a panoramic lens, as well as an opaque shutter mounted on the frame of the rotating prism, two optocouplers, the first of which takes a signal from an opaque curtain, and a pulse shaper, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first and second lasers, respectively, characterized in that it is equipped with a raster disk, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the axis of rotation of the prism, the signal from which is recorded using the second an optical sensor, the output of which is connected to the second input of the pulse shaper, while the opaque curtain is made with an optically transparent slit, and the first input of the pulse shaper is connected to the output of the first optocoupler sensor.

Known optical sight selected as a prototype.

The known optical sight [2] implements the method [1] of forming an optical field for teleorienting controlled objects and works as follows. The rotating prism performs nutational scanning with flat beams of the first and second lasers along the generated field. The radius of the scanning path at a range of a guided projectile is kept constant by changing the focal length of the pan-optical lens. At the same time, during the scanning of the prism, the curtain of the frame and the raster disk interrupt signals in optocouplers whose outputs are connected to the laser pulse shaper. Thus, the actual position of the beam of each laser in space is known, regardless of the speed and uniformity of rotation of the scanner plate, which significantly increases the accuracy of coordinate allocation by a guided projectile, eliminates beats and noise of coordinate allocation associated with instant and average irregularities of rotation of the scanning plate in all operating conditions of the sight .

A disadvantage of the known optical sight is a system for outputting laser radiation onto a single optical axis and an optical scanner, due to which the horizontal and vertical rays scanning the control field intersect the axis of the sight with an interval equal to a quarter of the scanning period, therefore, a controlled object located near the axis of the sight, receives information, respectively, about the vertical or horizontal deviation from the axis of the sight, with a delay equal to a quarter of the scanning period, which entails an error in determining this open -toxic, thereby reducing the accuracy of the guidance of a managed object.

In addition, the disadvantage of the first embodiment of the known optical sight is the device of an optical scanner made in the form of a rotating prism with a system for determining the position of the laser beam in space in the form of an opaque curtain mounted on the frame of a rotating prism, and optocouplers, since the presence of rotating parts leads to a decrease in resource a known optical sight, and optocouplers when they get dust or grease from rotating parts can give false readings, which entails an error full-time determination of the position of the laser beam in space and a significant decrease in pointing accuracy.

The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of guidance of a managed object, increasing the reliability and resource of the device for forming a control field for teleorienting a managed object.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for forming an optical field for teleorienting controlled objects that contain a coaxially mounted sight and a spotlight, including a pulse shaper, an injection laser, an optical element and a lens, while the output of the pulse shaper is connected to the laser, a matrix of deflectable micromirrors and a control unit, the first output of which is connected to the input of the matrix of deflectable micromirrors, and the second output is connected to the input of the driver o, and the optical axis of the lens and the axis of laser radiation lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of deviation of the micromirrors and intersect on one of the micromirrors at an angle equal to twice the angle of deviation of the micromirrors from the plane that contains the axis of deviation of the micromirrors, and the laser is installed near the focal plane of the system formed by the optical element , micromirrors and lens.

The structure of the proposed device is shown in FIG. 1. The device comprises a coaxial mounted sight 1 and a searchlight containing a pulse shaper 2, the output of which is connected to the injection laser 3. The pulse shaper amplifies the incoming pulse to the level necessary to start the injection laser. The laser has different angles of divergence in the planes parallel and perpendicular to the body of the glow. The optical element 4, located on the axis of the beam, serves to align the angles of divergence of the laser beam in these planes and can be made in the form of a cylindrical lens. The searchlight also contains a pan-optical lens 5, a control unit 6, the first output of which is connected to the pulse shaper, and the second to the matrix of deflected micromirrors 7. The control unit can be made on the basis of a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA). The matrix of deflectable micromirrors is a microelectromechanical device known from the prior art, consisting of a fixed body and a set of identical deflectable flat micromirrors (a characteristic diameter of each 10 μm). The deflection axes of the micromirrors are parallel and lie in the same plane parallel to the installation plane of the matrix. In the initial state of the micromirror, its reflective surface is parallel to the mounting plane of the matrix. Each micromirror in the on position (pos. 8, deviated from the initial state by an angle A), or in the off state (pos. 9, deviated from the initial state by an angle minus A). The characteristic value of A = 10 degrees. The optical axis of the lens and the axis of the laser radiation intersect at an angle of 2A at point 12 lying on one of the micromirrors. The laser 3 is installed near the focal plane of the system formed by the lens 5 and the optical element 4, taking into account the kink of the rays 10 when they are reflected from the included micromirrors 8. The distance between the laser and the optical element is selected so that the spot of the laser beam 13 on the surface of the set of micromirrors 14 completely covered the region 15 containing the micromirror 12 (Fig. 2). When all micromirrors of region 15 are turned on, it is projected by the lens onto the entire control field of width D _H and height D _V located at a distance of L. When not all micromirrors of region 15 are turned on, but only one row or only one column of the region, the control field is illuminated by a flat vertical or horizontal beam. In this case, the rays 11 reflected from the switched off micromirrors 9 do not pass through the lens and are not projected onto the control field. Laser radiation is carried out by pairs of pulses, the interval between which is constant for each of the rays and has its own value for the horizontal and vertical beam. For convenience, we will call a pair of pulses of a vertical beam a horizontal sending, and a pair of pulses of a horizontal beam - a vertical sending. Denote by ΔT _Н and ΔT _{V the} interval, respectively, between horizontal and vertical premises.

Let N _H0 and N _H1 be the number of columns of region 15 located on opposite sides of micromirror 12, N _V0 and N _{V1 be the} number of columns of region 15 located on opposite sides of micromirror 12. Let us agree that the columns of the region are numbered with integers, for example, to the left to the right, from (-N _H0 ) to N _H1 , and the lines of the region are numbered with integers, for example, from top to bottom, from (-N _V0 ) to N _V1 . In this case, the column containing micromirror 12 is numbered 0, and the row containing micromirror 12 is numbered 0. The total number of columns in the region is N _H = N _H1 + N _H0 +1, the total number of rows in the region is N _V = N _V1 + N _V0 +1.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Using the sight 5, the searchlight 6 is oriented in the desired direction.

The control unit performs the following actions:

1.1) sets the value ΔT _N corresponding to zero horizontal deviation from the axis of the sight,

1.2) sets the value of ΔT _V corresponding to zero vertical deviation from the axis of the sight,

1.3) includes column number 0,

1.4) generates a horizontal package at the current time T _H0 ,

1.5) turns off column number 0,

1.6) includes line number 0,

1.7) generates a vertical package at the current time T _V0 ,

1.8) turn off line number 0,

1.9) includes column number 0,

1.10) forms a horizontal package at time T _H1 = T _H0 + ΔT _H ,

1.11) turns off column number 0,

1.12) includes line number 0,

1.13) generates a vertical premise at time T _V1 = T _V0 + ΔT _V ,

1.14) turns off line number 0,

2) performs cyclically operations 2.1-2.16 while simultaneously j <N _H1 and i <N _V1 ,

2.1) if j <N _H1 , increases the value of j by 1,

2.2) if i <N _V1 , increases the value of i by 1,

2.3) sets the value ΔT _H corresponding to the horizontal deviation from the axis of the sight on the angle arctan (j⋅D _H / (N _H ⋅L)),

2.4) sets the value ΔT _V corresponding to the vertical deviation from the axis of the sight on the angle arctan (i⋅D _V / (N _V ⋅L)),

2.5) includes column number j,

2.6) generates a horizontal package at time T _{Hj + 1} = T _Hj + ΔT _H ,

2.7) turn off column number j,

2.8) includes line number i,

2.9) generates a vertical premise at time T _{Vi + 1} = T _Vi + ΔT _V ,

2.10) turns off line number i,

2.11) includes column number j,

2.12) generates a horizontal package at time T _{Hj + 2} = T _{Hj + 1} + ΔT _H ,

2.13) turn off column number j,

2.14) includes the line number i,

2.15) generates a vertical premise at time T _{Vi + 2} = T _{Vi + 1} + ΔT _V ,

2.16) turn off line number i,

3) performs cyclically operations 3.1-1.16 while simultaneously j> (- N _H0 ) and i> (- N _V0 ),

3.1) if j> (- N _H0 ), reduces the value of j by 1,

3.2) if i> (- N _V0 ), reduces the value of i by 1,

3.3) sets the value ΔT _H corresponding to the horizontal deviation from the axis of the sight on the angle arctan (j⋅D _H / (N _H ⋅L)),

3.4) sets the value ΔT _V corresponding to the vertical deviation from the axis of the sight on the angle arctan (i⋅D _V / (N _V ⋅L)),

3.5) includes column number j,

3.6) generates a horizontal package at time T _{Hj + 1} = T _Hj + ΔT _H ,

3.7) turn off column number j,

3.8) includes line number i,

3.9) generates a vertical premise at time T _{Vi + 1} = T _Vi + ΔT _V ,

3.10) turns off line number i,

3.11) includes column number j,

3.12) generates a horizontal parcel at time T _{Hj + 2} = T _{Hj + 1} + ΔT _H ,

3.13) turn off column number j,

3.14) includes the line number i,

3.15) generates a vertical premise at time T _{Vi + 2} = T _{Vi + 1} + ΔT _V ,

3.16) turn off line number i,

4) repeats operations 2 and 3 cyclically.

The dimensions of the control field D _H × D _V at the current distance L to the controlled object are kept constant by changing the focal length of the pan-optical lens.

Thus, the control unit sequentially generates vertical and horizontal packages, changing the interval between them depending on the deviation from the axis of the sight of the corresponding plane beam obtained by turning on a single column of area 15 for the duration of the vertical sending radiation or turning on a single line of area 15 for the time of horizontal sending radiation. In this case, all the column-row pairs are sequentially dispensed, starting with the column containing the micromirror 12 and the row containing the micromirror 12, and the interval between horizontal packets corresponding to zero horizontal deviation from the axis of the sight and the interval between vertical packets corresponding to zero vertical deviation from the axis of the sight, overlap in time. Thus, the horizontal and vertical rays cross the axis of the sight at the same time, which significantly increases the accuracy of the guidance of the managed object in comparison with the prototype. The increase in reliability and resource increase of the proposed device compared to the prototype is achieved by eliminating rotating parts.

Information sources.

1. Patent RU 2100745 dated 12/27/1997 "A method of forming an optical field for teleorienting controlled objects and a device for its implementation."

2. Patent RU 2623687 dated 06/28/2017 "Optical sight of a guided projectile guidance system (options)."

Claims (1)

An optical field shaping device for teleorienting controlled objects, comprising a coaxially mounted sight and a spotlight, including a pulse shaper, an injection laser, an optical element and a lens, while the output of the pulse shaper is connected to a laser, characterized in that a matrix of deflectable micromirrors and a control unit, the first output of which is connected to the input of the matrix of deflectable micromirrors, and the second output is connected to the input of the pulse shaper, the optical axis the lens and the axis of laser radiation lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of deviation of the micromirrors and intersect on one of the micromirrors at an angle equal to twice the angle of deviation of the micromirrors from the plane containing the axis of deviation of the micromirrors, and the laser is installed near the focal plane of the system formed by the optical element, micromirrors and the lens.

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