RU2704289C1 - Extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry, in particular, to equipment for extrusion treatment of food products. Extruder comprises working chamber consisting of several modules and having loading branch pipe and female die, variable-diameter auger and drive. Extruder has a mixing module, a compression module with a decreasing size of the screw channel. Stabilization module for equalization of melt pressure due to invariable volume of the chamber and due to the screw guide guide at the end of this zone in direction of product movement, which prevents formation of counterflow of the extruded product. First compression module auger is two-start and consists of segments with angle ϕ1, installed with pitch angle ϕ2 so as to provide mutual overlapping of segments. In second compression module, where there is repeated alignment of pressure and temperature fields of material, screw is also made double-start and consists of segments with angle ϕ3, installed with angle step ϕ4 so that mutual overlap of segments is less than in previous pressure stabilization module. Required end pressure of the product is achieved in the dosing module by reducing the pitch of the screw coils.

EFFECT: use of invention provides higher quality of end product.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for extrusion processing of food products and can be used for the production of extruded food products in various branches of the food industry, for example, for the extrusion of plant products.

Known extruder for food processing, containing a working chamber (housing) with a loading nozzle and a die, a screw of variable diameter and a drive, a working chamber consists of five modules with different configurations of the housing and screw [patent No. 2177702 RU].

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the process of pressure stabilization, due to the fact that this design does not provide proper pressure equalization due to the presence of a countercurrent of the extrudable product in the gap between the screw and the casing in the direction opposite to the main course of the product, in addition, the screw in this section, in the form of pins of a rhombic profile located on the shaft, it will not provide material advancement, as a result of which, the pressure in this section will be p STI material due backwater from the previous portion, which also reduces the efficiency of the process pressure stabilization.

The technical task of the proposed device is to improve the conditions for the process of pressure stabilization in the extrudate product and, as a result, improve the quality of the finished product as a result of a more gentle processing regime of raw materials and reduce the loss of nutrients in the working area of the extruder.

The problem is achieved in that in an extruder for food processing, comprising a housing with a loading nozzle and a die, a screw of variable diameter and a drive, a working chamber consisting of five modules with different configurations of the housing and the screw, while the first loading and mixing module has a cylindrical housing and screw of constant diameter, the compression module has a conical body with decreasing inner diameter towards the matrix and increasing diameter of the screw shaft, the pressure stabilization module has constant th diameter of the casing and the screw shaft, the screw being made two-way, consisting of segments with an angle ϕ1, set with a pitch of ϕ2 in such a way as to ensure mutual overlap of the segments, on the inner side of the extruder body at the end of the pressure stabilization zone a screw guide thread is made in the direction of movement product, which prevents the formation of a counterflow of the extrudable product in the gap between the screw and the housing in the direction opposite to the main course of the product, as a result, the conditions for swelling of the pressure stabilization process in the extrudable product, the next module has a conical body with a taper decreasing towards the matrix and an increasing diameter of the screw shaft, followed by a second pressure stabilization module having a constant diameter of the body and screw shaft, the screw is made of two-way, consisting of segments with an angle ϕ3, set in increments of the angle ϕ4, so that the mutual overlap of the segments is less than in the previous pressure stabilization module. On the inner side of the extruder body at the end of the pressure stabilization zone, a screw guide is made in the direction of product movement, which prevents the formation of a countercurrent of the extrudable product in the gap between the screw and the body in the direction opposite to the main course of the product, as a result, the conditions for the process of pressure stabilization in the extruded product are improved , the dosing module has a decreasing cutting step.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the working chamber of the extruder and the circuit diagram of the segments of the pressure stabilization modules.

The extruder (Fig. 1) contains a loading pipe 1, a working chamber 2, a stepped screw 3 and a die 4. The working chamber 2 consists of various modules.

The proposed extruder operates as follows.

The processed material through the loading pipe 1 enters the modular working chamber 2, where it is moved by a step screw 3 driven by a drive (not shown in Fig. 1) through the extruder modules.

As you move the product in the mixing module is partially mixed, in the compression module there is an increase in pressure and compaction of the product due to the reduction of the size of the screw channel and partial transformation of the product granules into a homogeneous melt.

In the first stabilization module, the melt pressure is equalized due to the unchanged chamber volume and due to the screw guiding of the product at the end of this zone in the direction of product movement, which prevents the formation of countercurrent of the extrudable product in the gap between the screw and the casing in the direction opposite to the main course of the product. The screw is made two-way, consisting of segments with an angle ϕ1, installed with a step of angle ϕ2 so as to ensure mutual overlap of the segments.

The second compression module further compresses the product.

In the second stabilization module, the pressure and temperature fields of the material are re-equalized, after which the melt enters the dosing module, where the required final product pressure is achieved by reducing the pitch of the screw turns. The auger is made two-way, consisting of segments with an angle ϕ3, installed with a step of angle ϕ4 so that the mutual overlap of the segments is less than in the previous pressure stabilization module.

The number of segments in pressure stabilization zones, their sizes and location step depend on the properties of the material being processed and the technological mode of processing.

Thus, the use of the invention allows:

- to optimize the extrusion process of dispersed food raw materials due to a smooth, gradual increase in temperature and pressure with their stabilization stepwise, necessary for the occurrence of physico-chemical changes in the main components of food products;

- to provide a sparing mode of extrusion processing of food raw materials;

- to minimize the loss of heat-sensitive food substances in the working chamber of the extruder due to the maintenance of a given temperature regime.

Claims (1)

An extruder for food processing, containing a working chamber consisting of several modules and having a loading nozzle and a matrix, a variable-diameter screw and a drive, characterized in that the first loading and mixing module has a cylindrical body with a constant-diameter screw, the compression module has a conical body with decreasing in the direction of the matrix inner diameter and increasing diameter of the screw shaft, the pressure stabilization module has a constant diameter of the housing and screw shaft, and the screw in this module is made two-way and consists of segments with an angle ϕ1, set with a step of angle ϕ2 in such a way as to ensure mutual overlap of the segments, while on the inner side of the extruder body at the end of the pressure stabilization zone there is a helical guide cutting in the direction of product movement, which prevents the formation of a countercurrent of the extruded product in the gap between the screw and the casing in the direction opposite to the main course of the product and improves the conditions for the process of pressure stabilization in the extrudable the product, the next module has a conical body with a taper decreasing towards the matrix and an increasing screw shaft diameter, followed by a second pressure stabilization module having a constant diameter of the screw housing and shaft, while the screw in this module is double-entry and consists of segments with an angle ϕ3 installed with an angle pitch ϕ4 so that the mutual overlap of the segments is less than in the previous pressure stabilization module, while on the inner side of the extruder body at the end of the stabilization zone eniya second module is also provided a screw thread guide in the direction of movement of the product, in addition to the dosing screw unit she has a decreasing pitch cuts.

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