RU2703782C1 - Fast-erected river dam with possibility of passage of commensurate vessels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic engineering devices and can be used for construction of temporary dams on rivers with unstable water level. General principle of the dam operates as follows: sections of the dam, which include two rigid rectangular frames, pivotally attached in the upper part at an angle, the side of the section facing the water is waterproof, and as a whole form a triangular prism. Frames are made with additional stiffeners. Sections, screw piles, rigid guides are made of high-alloy steel or metal, with anticorrosive coating, for example zinc-plated or painted iron. Reinforced concrete piers are made at one and / or on the other bank at angle of 30°±15° downstream of the river. On the frontal line of the moorings there are mini-piles or screw piles in one line across the river flow and are the support of sections, to which the sections are fixed with the lower base from the frontal side of the sections, wherein one pile is a support for two sections, and the base of the opposite side of sections is wide, for example a plate is welded to the base. In the lower part of the front section there is a strong shutter, for example, metal or PVC, with the possibility of lifting-lowering along side guides installed on the front frame. At least one section is made with possibility of passage of commensurate vessels from one passage to another. On the front side of this section, consisting of two plates, lower stationary and upper movable, there is a mechanism for reducing and lifting the plate by means of ropes, by one end attached to hooks of top plate, overturned through rotating units, mounted on top points of section, and by other end ropes are fixed to counterweight located on opposite support frame. Counterweight with its weight is 10–20 % higher than that of top plate. Strong round element, for example a pipe, is attached to the upper face of the plate so that the bottom of the boat does not suffer when passing into another passage. Invention ensures reduction of time and labor costs for bringing the structure into working state, increase of reliability and reinforcement of the structure, compactness of the structure when folded for transportation and watertightness of the dam at available components.

EFFECT: technical task of the proposed invention is creation of seasonal water reservoirs, which prevent river shallowing during dry period, and provision of water to farms.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

- гидротехническое сооружение, перегораживающее водоток для подъема уровня воды, также служит для сосредоточения напора в месте расположения сооружения и создания водохранилища. Плотины на небольших водотоках называют запрудами.The invention relates to devices for hydraulic engineering and can be used for the construction of temporary dams on rivers with an unstable water level.

- a hydraulic structure blocking a watercourse to raise the water level also serves to concentrate the pressure at the location of the structure and create a reservoir. Dams on small streams are called dams.

и дамба, отличие:Library:

and dam, difference:

A dam is an elevation created artificially in the zone of a water resource and performs a protective or regulatory function.

A dam is an object erected in the path of a water stream to raise the natural level of water. The structure derives the maximum benefit from the action of the water element. A berth is a hydraulic engineering structure (GTS) intended for mooring vessels during transshipment, supply, sludge and repair. Classification of mooring facilities of seaports is usually carried out according to the following criteria: Moorings are classified according to their location in the plan: embankments, piers, roadside moorings, floating moorings; Moorings are classified according to the following materials: concrete, reinforced concrete, mixed; http://www.nemo-nn.ru/information/prichal/class/

A rim is a device or part of a device in the form of a ring, circle. Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/286186

Often there are droughts, especially in the southern regions. If there is little snow in winter, then the year will be dry. If at the beginning of summer the rivers are full-flowing, then in the middle of summer, when forest fires begin, the rivers become shallow. There is not enough water to extinguish fires and irrigate farmland. Water disappears from the rivers in August, that is, when it is most needed, both for agriculture and for the needs of the Ministry of Emergencies. Due to the lack of water in the rivers, the ecology worsens and the fauna suffers. To keep the water in the rivers until late autumn, it is proposed to create a seasonal reservoir on the river with an unstable water level and a device for its implementation.

A device is known - (See RF patent No. 96876) A dam containing two upper and lower cables, thrown from shore to shore and fixed on the banks for supports, spokes, mounted on cables and mounted obliquely with ends on the ground, a flexible waterproof coating material, on the upper edge of which there is a curtain holder for attaching by means of thin poles to struts-spokes, spread out on struts-knitting needles in the upper pool and the bottom of the river in front of the dam, a culvert, characterized in that the lower cable is pressed to the ground Georgia.

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the design, a significant expenditure of time and effort to erect the structure.

Analogue. See RF patent No. 2090693 - this is a dam including a rigid jumper installed across the channel and an unloading device located on the upstream side, attached to the bottom and jumper with anchor rods, characterized in that it is equipped with blocks mounted on the banks of the channel, and the unloading device is made in the form of a flexible panel with floats on the upper edge, with anchor rods fixing the unloading device to the bottom attached to the bottom edge of the panel, and the unloading device securing the unloading device to the jumper Black traction - to the upper edge of the panel and thrown over the blocks.

The disadvantages of this device are also the complexity of the design, the significant cost of time and effort to erect the structure, and the susceptibility to damage of the flexible panel by floating logs. There is no passage for boats.

The technical task of the invention is:

Creation of seasonal reservoirs preventing shallowing of rivers during the dry period and providing water to farms in dry years, as well as the creation of a fast-built river dam with the possibility of passage of proportionate vessels.

The technical result of the proposed invention is:

1. On one and / or on the other bank, reinforced concrete piers are made, at an angle of 30 ° ± 15 ° down the river, mini piles or screw piles are installed along the front line of the piers, in one line across the river, and are the support of the sections to which the sections are attached with the lower base on the front of the sections.

2. The pre-fabricated river dam is made with the possibility of passage of proportionate vessels. On the front side of this section, consisting of two plates, the lower stationary and the upper movable, a mechanism is installed for lowering and lifting the plate by means of wire ropes, along side guides having the shape of the letter “P” profile installed along the edges of the front frame, one end of the cables fixed to the upper part of the upper plate thrown through rotating blocks mounted on the upper points of the section, and the other end of the cables are fixed to the counterweight located on the opposite support frame, while the counterweight with a mass of 10–20% greater than the mass of the upper plate, the counterweight itself is installed and moves along the racks of the support frame, while a strong rounded element is attached to the upper edge of the plate, for example, a pipe, and the section itself is installed in the deepest place of the river .

The design is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1. One of the main elements of the dam are modified sections from a similar invention, “Mobile section dams,” RF patent No. 142631. Each section consists of two rigid rectangular frames, articulated at the upper part at an angle. Rectangular front (front) frame 1, rectangular rear (support) frame 2, upper lines of frames 3, lower line of front frame 4 (section length), vertical lines of front and support frames 5, connecting profile between frames 6 (section width), rectangular a rigid waterproof shield 7 is fixed to the front frame 1, the bottom line of the support frame 8 is expanded (a pipe or plate is welded), the upper hinges making the structure folding 9, the lower hinges 10, Screw piles 11 are the support of the sections to which the sections are attached with the lower base 4 from the front of the sections.

Fig. 2. Section for passage of commensurate vessels: Lower stationary plate 12, upper movable plate 16, moving according to the principle of slider 13, hook 17 fixed to the upper movable plate 16, cable 18, rotating blocks 19, counterweight located on the opposite support frame 20, strong round an element such as a pipe for smooth passage of a boat from one pool to another, and to protect the bottom of the boat from damage 21, Boat 22.

Figure 3, Concrete berth 23, Prefabricated river dam 24, Section for passing proportional vessels 25, river 15, Boat 22.

Figure 4a: River gutter - bottom relief 26, left and right sides of the river gutter - shallow water 27, the sector of the river channel through which the main volume of water 28 passes,

Figure 4b shows the difference from the original channel.

The work of the “Pre-fabricated River Dam” is carried out as follows:

A quick-erected river dam with the possibility of passing proportional vessels, including reinforced concrete berths 23 on one and / or on both banks of the river, at an angle of 30 ° ± 15 ° downstream of the river 15, between them a dam consisting of identical sections 24 is installed, each of them has the following construction:

rectangular front-front frame 1, rectangular rear - support frame 2, the top lines of the frames 3, the bottom line of the front frame 4, this is the length of the section, the vertical lines of the front and support frames 5, the connecting profile between the frames 6 is the width of the section, a rectangular rigid waterproof shield 7, for example, metal is fixed on the front frame 1, the bottom line of the support frame 8 is expanded, for example, a pipe or plate is welded, the upper hinges making the structure folding 9, the lower hinges 10, Screw piles 11 are the support of the sections to ring attached lower base section 4 on the front side sections are also secured sturdy blind, for example steel or PVC (not shown) installed at the bottom of the front section with the possibility of lifting / lowering the principle of the slider. The edges of the curtains are located and move inside the guides, having the shape of the profile of the letter "P". Shutters (not shown in the drawing) and plate 16 for the passage of ships operate as a slider. Shutters also have the ability to be fixed on the support frame.

On one side of each section on the front frame there are overlays on the side, the length of the overlay is made to the entire height of the section, and in width the overlay protrudes beyond the edge of the section 30-40 cm, and is made of metal and / or PVC.

This plate is pressed by the pressure of the current to the adjacent section, as a result of the water between the sections passes much less. Dam tightness is optional. For example: the flow of water in the river is 20 cubic meters. m / s Through the cracks, 2 cubic meters of water is lost. m / s As a result, the reservoir will fill up 10% slower. If, under the condition of complete tightness, the reservoir will be filled in 20 hours, then with partial loss of water through the cracks, the reservoir will be filled in 24 hours. The task will still be completed. After filling the reservoir, the water will begin to flow over the top line of the sections.

To reduce installation time and save money, one screw pile 11 is a support for two adjacent sections. For long service, the section frame and waterproof shield 7 are made of high alloy steel or metal, with a corrosion-resistant coating, for example, galvanized or painted iron. The relief of the river is always uneven. Therefore, a map of the river bottom is created and sections are made of different heights. Each section is set up taking into account that the upper level of the dam is even or approximately equal to the water level in the river. The bottom of the river is leveled with backfill, for example gravel.

In a separate embodiment, if the flow is slow, sharp metal tips are fixed to the bottom of the uprights of the support frame, a rim with a large area is installed between the tips and the lower part of the support frame, for example, a plate is welded. This holds sections on the ground and resists the flow of the river. Also reduces installation time.

In its full version, a pre-fabricated river dam with the possibility of passing proportional vessels, differs in that in the total composition of the dam, one section 25 is configured to allow proportional vessels to pass from one pool to another, for which it has the following design:

on the front side of this section, consisting of two plates, the lower stationary 12 and the upper movable 16, there is a mechanism for lowering and lifting the plate by means of wire ropes 18, along the side rails having the shape of the letter “P” profile installed along the edges of the front frame, one the end of the cables fixed to the hook 17 of the upper plate 16 and thrown through the rotating blocks 19 mounted on the upper points of the section, and the other end of the cables are fixed to the counterweight 20 located on the opposite support frame, while oat 20 with its mass exceeds the mass of the upper plate by 10–20%; the counterweight 20 itself is mounted and moves along the racks of the support frame 2 and is made, for example, in the form of a rod or individual loads moving along the racks of the support frame 2 and with its edges fixed to the rope cables 18, going through the rotation block 19 to the hooks 17 of the upper plate 16, while a strong roundish element, for example, pipe 21, is attached or welded to the upper edge of the plate 16 along the entire length.

Section 25 with a plate 16 for passing proportional vessels 22 is made with the possibility of fixing and lifting / lowering along the side rails, and section 25 itself is installed in the deepest place of the river, while the bottom of the river is leveled with backfill, for example, gravel.

The possibility of passing proportional vessels is as follows, Fig. 3. For example, Boat 22 goes along the river. Ahead of the dam. It is necessary to run into plate 16, section 25 in a small stroke. Plate 16 will begin to decline according to the slider principle, and the water flow from the reservoir will push the boat into the downstream.

To get into the upper pool, it is necessary to fix the plate 16, section 25 for a short time in the lower position and in full swing against the current, go into the upper pool and then remove the fixation of the plate 16. The welded pipe 21 to the plate 16 will protect the bottom of the boat 22 from damage.

With a height difference of up to one meter, the passage of proportionate downstream vessels to the upper reach and vice versa is quite feasible.

Reinforced concrete berths 23 are made higher than the planned level of sections, and wide enough to install a mini-crane or winch.

Figure 4. The bottom of the river is usually uneven. In the middle, the river is deeper, and smaller along the edges. The coastal part of the river 27 contains a small volume of water of 15-20% and the water speed is also small.

The central part of river 28 contains a large volume of water, approximately 80% or more, and the water velocity is much higher. Installation on one and / or as a rule on both banks of the river reinforced concrete berths 23, the following result is obtained:

a) The installation time of the dam is reduced, since the installation of sections on the lateral parts of the river 27 takes most of the time, in addition, on the banks of the river the most uneven soil and because of this a more complicated installation of sections. Saves time and materials.

c) Since the reinforced concrete berths 23 are made higher than the planned section level and wide enough to install a mini-crane, it is planned to install mini cranes or winches for berth sections to be installed on berths 23. Labor is mechanized.

c) Due to berths 23, the length of the dam is reduced, therefore, the compact dam is more durable to withstand the pressure of water, possible vibration when passing vessels from one pool to another, and also looks better from the aesthetic side.

d) reinforced concrete berths 23 are made at an angle of 30 ° ± 15 ° downstream of the river 15. 15 ° -25 ° if the river flow during ice drift is small, 30 ° -45 ° if the speed of water and ice is significant. This will allow during ice drift not to create ice jams on the line of the berths or spring floods.

f) The shortened bottom of the river 28 is easier and faster leveled by backfill, for example gravel. Moorings 23 themselves are useful for parking boats 22, and for fishermen.

In the spring, when there is a lot of water in the rivers, sections are installed. Installation of dams begins from the lower reaches and goes further upstream. In this case, the reservoirs along the entire length of the river will be full from May to October, no one will be left without water. The proposed mobile dams will create a large number of reservoirs that will save water in the rivers until September. A few hours are enough to block the river 50 meters wide. Thanks to the Dam, the water level in the river rises by 2.5-3 meters. The more water there is in the rivers, the higher the groundwater will be, and the trees in the forest and grass will be wetter, which means more fire resistant. Prepare for drought in advance. For the time being, dams on rivers must be relatively full-flowing, and cascades of reservoirs can be created along the entire length of the river. The more water there is in the rivers, the less fires and poisonous smog will be in both Central Russia and Siberia. Dams will keep fish in the rivers and help agriculture. Mobile locking will create shipping opportunities on rivers with shallow waters and rifts. 1-2 weeks before freezing, sections of the Sectional Dam are removed, stacked and stored until the next season.

In contrast to the tools currently used, the proposed dam gives - Reduction of time for bringing the structure into working condition, as well as lowering labor costs for bringing the structure into working condition. Increased reliability and increased rigidity. Price reduction per unit of meter. Compact design when folded for transportation. Decrease in weight of a design per each running meter. Watertightness of the dam with available accessories.

Advantages of the proposed innovative design:

1. Rise of water to a level of up to 2.5-3 meters.

2. Stability of fast flow due to prism design.

4. It is made in any mini-shop from available materials.

5. The speed of construction or dismantling - 1 working day per dam.

6. Not afraid of mechanical damage.

7. The design when folded is compact. One truck accommodates 60 linear meters of the dam, these are 20 sections, each 300 cm by 250 cm in size.

Claims (10)

1. Rapidly constructed river dam with the possibility of passing commensurate vessels, including reinforced concrete berths made on one and / or on the other bank of the river 23 at an angle of 30 ° ± 15 ° downstream of the river 15, between them a dam consisting of identical sections 24 is installed, each of which has the following structure: rectangular front - front frame 1, rectangular rear - support frame 2, upper lines of the frames 3, the bottom line of the front frame 4, is the length of the section, the vertical lines of the front and support frames 5, the connecting pros l between the frames 6 is the width of the section, a rectangular rigid waterproof shield, for example, metal 7 is fixed to the front frame 1, the bottom line of the support frame 8 is expanded, for example, a pipe or plate is welded on, the upper hinges making the structure folding 9, the lower hinges 10, screw piles 11 are the support of the sections, to which the sections are attached with the lower base 4 from the front side of the sections, a strong curtain, for example, metal or pvc, is installed in the lower part of the front section with the possibility of raising / lowering the slider principle, while on one side of the sections on the front frame there are overlays on the side, the length of the pad is made to the entire height of the section, and the width of the pad protrudes beyond the edge of the section 30-40 cm and is made of metal and / or PVC, also the overall composition of the dam, one section is made with the possibility of passing proportional vessels from one head to another and has the following design: on the front side of this section, which consists of two plates, the lower stationary 12 and the upper movable 16, a mechanism for lowering and lifting the plates by means of wire ropes 18, along side guides having the profile shape of the letter “P”, installed along the edges of the support frame 2, with one end of the ropes 18, fixed to the hooks 17 of the upper plate 16, thrown through the rotating blocks 19, mounted on the upper points of the section , and the other end of the cables is fixed to a counterweight 20 located on the opposite support frame 2, while the counterweight 20 itself is mounted and moves along the racks of the support frame 2, and a strong rounded element is attached or welded to the upper edge of the plate 16 along the entire length t, for example pipe 21. 2. Rapidly constructed river dam according to claim 1, characterized in that one screw pile 11 is a support for the installation of two adjacent sections. 3. The pre-fabricated river dam according to claim 1, characterized in that the section frame and waterproof shield 7 are made of high alloy steel or metal, with a corrosion-resistant coating, for example, galvanized or painted iron. 4. A quick-erected river dam according to claim 1, characterized in that metal sharp tips are fixed to the bottom of the uprights of the support frame, a rim with a large area is installed between the tips and the lower sharp part of the support frame, for example, a plate is welded. 5. Pre-fabricated river dam according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the river is leveled with backfill, for example gravel. 6. A quick-erected river dam according to claim 1, characterized in that a map of the river bottom is created and sections are made of different heights and each section is placed taking into account that the upper level of the dam is level or approximately equal to the water level in the river. 7. Rapidly constructed river dam with the possibility of passing proportional vessels, including reinforced concrete berths 23 on one and / or on the other bank of the river at an angle of 30 ° ± 15 ° downstream of the river 15, a dam consisting of identical sections 24 is installed between them, characterized in that in the overall composition of the dam, one section 25 is made with the possibility of passing proportional vessels from one pool to another, for which it has the following design: on the front side of this section, consisting of two plates, the lower stationary 12 and the upper movable 16, a mechanism is installed for lowering and lifting the plate by means of wire ropes 18, along side guides having the shape of the letter “P” profile, installed along the edges of the supporting frame 2 , one end of the cables 18, fixed to the hooks 17 of the upper plate 16, thrown through the rotating blocks 19, mounted on the upper points of the section, and the other end of the cables are fixed to the counterweight 20 located on the opposite support frame 2, while oat 20 with its mass exceeds the mass of the upper plate by 10–20%; the counterweight 20 itself is mounted and moves along the racks of the support frame 2 and is made, for example, in the form of a rod or individual loads moving along the racks of the support frame 2 and with its edges fixed to the rope cables 18, going through the rotation unit 19 to the hooks 17 of the upper plate 16, while a strong roundish element, for example, pipe 21, is attached or welded to the upper edge of the plate 16 along the entire length. 8. Pre-fabricated river dam according to claim 7, characterized in that the section 25 with the plate 16 for passing proportional vessels 22 is made with the possibility of fixing and lifting / lowering along the side rails, and the section 25 itself is installed in the deepest place of the river, while the bottom the river is leveled with backfill, for example gravel. 9. The fast-built river dam according to claim 7, characterized in that the reinforced concrete berths 23 are made higher than the planned level of sections, and wide enough to install a mini-crane.

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