RU2703600C2 - Method of reducing consumption of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in devices for obtaining heat and mechanical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processes of preparation of oil products for combustion to produce heat and mechanical energy, for example, in internal combustion engines, in rocket engines, in different furnace devices. Method of reducing consumption of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in devices for obtaining heat and mechanical energy involves determining the quantitative content of components, heating fuel by 35–40 °C, setting flow rate within 20–40 cm/s, pumping fuel through combined universal static mixer-activator, where in the first section the fuel clusters are abraded by the vortex screw flows, in four cavitation chambers of the second section its molecules are dispersed, in the third grid filter the fuel molecules are finally dispersed, in the fourth one the pulsating turbulent flow in the laminar flow with the aligned velocity diagram is transferred, processed fuel is held in containers for 50–60 days, content of components is repeatedly determined, and if detecting at least 20 % of light components, the product is marketed.

EFFECT: technical result is reduction of consumption of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in devices for obtaining heat and mechanical energy.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to processes for preparing petroleum products for combustion to produce thermal and mechanical energy, for example, in internal combustion engines, in rocket engines, in various combustion devices.

Hydrocarbon fuel during polymerization is polymerized into cluster compounds - into “clumps of molecules”. In this regard, to reduce fuel consumption in devices for generating thermal and mechanical energy, the fuel is subjected to intense dispersion under pressure up to 200 MPa, and the fuel-air mixture is heated and turbulized. Homogenization of fuel and water-fuel mixtures is also carried out, combustion catalysts are introduced into fuels, fractionation and modernization of the hydrocarbon structure are carried out by many technologies in oil refining and directly when using fuels, for example, in vehicles with diesel internal combustion engines (Egorov I.N. Improving the operational properties of diesel fuels in the conditions of agricultural production. Author's abstract. Cand. diss. M .: 1984, 16 pp.).

A disadvantage of the known methods of mechanical pressure dispersion of the fuel is that high-tech precision equipment is required. Turbulization and heating of the air-fuel mixture in internal combustion engines (ICE) complicates their design and reduces their operational reliability. And the use of water-fuel mixtures also reduces the reliability of internal combustion engines due to rusting of fuel equipment.

No. 2306972 (IPC B01F 5/00, 10.17.2005)

There are also known operational methods for reducing the consumption of gasoline and ICE diesel fuel by exposing the fuel to magnetic fields when pumping fuel through devices containing separate permanent magnets or their specially oriented sets, for example, according to RF patents No. 2268388 (IPC F02M 27/00, 23.04. 2004), No. 2327895 (IPC F02M 27/04, B01D 35/06, 04.17.2006), No. 2368796 (IPC F02M 27/04, 01.16.2008), No. 2391551 (IPC F02M 27/00, 08/27/2008) and through others, for example, according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2554195 (IPC C02F 1/48, F02M 27/04. 11/07/2013), as well as according to the patents of the Russian Federation for utility models No. 38846 (IPC F02M 27/04, 03/22/2004), No. 3 8847 (IPC F02M 27/04, 03/22/2004), No. 38848 (IPC F02M 27/04, 03/23/2004), No. 40766 (IPC F02M 27/04, 03/03/2004), No. 4,090 (IPC F02M 27/04, 06.03.2004), No. 57837 (IPC F02M 27/04, 03/10/2006), No. 58185 (IPC F02M 27/04, 03.16.2006), No. 56623 (F02M 27/04, 01/19/2006) and No. 599739 (IPC F02M 27/04. 01/31/2006) Dispersion of fuel clusters is performed using this method, as well as the orientation of the orientation of hydrocarbon molecules. This method increases the completeness of combustion of fuels, slightly reduces fuel consumption, the release of harmful gases, soot deposits and soot in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine, improves their performance.

An example of known methods of reducing fuel consumption in internal combustion engines with the installation of permanent magnet devices on their fuel lines is, for example, the use of FreeFuel devices that entered the wide market of the Russian Federation several years ago.

The disadvantage inherent in all known methods of reducing fuel consumption by exposing the fuel to magnetic fields is the instability of the properties of the processed fuel, the rapid and sharp weakening of its new properties outside of magnetic fields.

Known methods for reducing the consumption of gasoline and internal combustion engine diesel fuel by exposing the fuel to electromagnetic fields during fuel pumping through devices containing inductors operating on direct and alternating current with frequencies up to 10 kHz, for example, through the MMT-BD device from NPO LLC MMT ”according to TU 3116-001-64233488-2010, certified in the Russian Federation and in the EU, as well as through the Device for electrocatalytic fuel processing according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2377434 (IPC F02M 27/02, F02M 27/04, F02B 51/02, 22.02 .2008).

A disadvantage of the known methods of reducing the consumption of motor fuels by electromagnetic processing is also the instability of the properties of the processed fuels, the rapid loss of new properties outside the magnetic fields, the need to process the fuel in the place closest to the place of direct burning and periodic cleaning of the devices due to their continuous clogging . In addition, in the presence of parts of fuel equipment made of ferromagnetic alloys, the fuel in them is “demagnetized” and quickly loses new properties.

A known method of reducing the consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel of internal combustion engines by combining exposure to fuel with an electromagnetic field and triboelectrification according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2296238 (IPC F02M 27/04, 08/23/2005; Mikiporis Yu.A. Improving the environmental performance of automobile engines by electromagnetic fuel processing. Study guide Kovrov, KSTA, 2008. - 168 p. ISBN / ISSN: 978-5-86151-289-3).

The disadvantage of this method, implemented using the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2296238, is the complexity of the device due to the presence of an inductor, power supply, a system of tubes with dielectric balls, with dielectric fuel lines, as well as the loss of the properties of the processed fuels outside the device and the need to process fuel as close to the place of its burning.

A known method of activation of fuels before burning, implemented by controlled cavitation of fuel using a cavitation dispersant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2077939 (IPC B01F 5/00, 04/27/1997).

According to the method implemented using the cavitation dispersant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2077939, the fuel is fed into the inlet tapering chamber (confuser) of the dispersant, then into the expanding chamber (diffuser), and at the junction of the confuser into the diffuser, the liquid is used with the help of an axially displaced hollow needle subjected to controlled cavitation. In this method, the cavitation intensity is adjusted so that it occupies, if possible, the entire volume of the diffuser. To do this, visually controlling the length of the cavitation zone through the transparent case of the device, change the axial position of the input end of the adjustment needle in the plane of the junction of the confuser with the diffuser. Together with this adjustment, the fraction of the fluid flow drawn from the cavitation zone directly through the axial channel of the needle and the fraction of the fluid taken outside the cavitation zone through ball valves in the outlet fitting of the device are changed.

The disadvantage of this method, implemented using the dispersant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2077939, is the need for continuous visual quality control of cavitation and adjustment of the dispersant, as well as the lack of data on the effectiveness of the device to reduce fuel consumption for thermal and mechanical energy.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of mechanical mixing-activation of single-phase and multiphase liquid systems by pumping them under pressure in once-through apparatuses, for example, according to invention patent No. 2550203 Combined universal static mixer-activator (IPC B01F 13/10, 10.12.2012).

The inventive method is illustrated by the description of the scheme of the combined universal static mixer-activator according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2550203, FIG. 1-3).

Here (Fig. 1, Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b, Fig. 2c, Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 3c), in a direct-flow housing 1 having a stepped cylindrical inner surface, covers 2, 3, inlet fitting 4, four sections are mounted. In the first section, an element 5 is installed with a helical cylindrical surface of the grooves 6 and 7 for screw-like mixing of the fuel flows, one of the grooves has a right-handed and the other a left-handed direction. At the intersection of grooves 6 and 7, recesses 8, 9, 10 are made to create pressure drops and additional formation of vortex flows.

At the end of the element 5, facing the second section, an annular cavity is made and the element 11 of two chambers is formed, like a double cavitator, and cylindrical channels 12 of the second section are made in it. Each camera element 11 is equipped with a disk 13 with cylindrical microchannels. Behind the disk 13, a third acoustic cavitation chamber is formed, and behind it a similar fourth acoustic cavitation chamber.

In the third section of the activator mixer, a mixing element 14 is mounted from intersecting petals 15 and thin-walled, bent to opposite sides of the plates 16, forming in the third chamber a spatial system of intersecting slits that mix and disperse fuel flows at the molecular level. The slit width of the mixing element 14 is set to 5 μm in order to effect shifts between the layers of dispersed fuel molecules.

The fourth section contains an outlet fitting 19 with a diameter of the channel 17, selected the required fuel consumption. In the channel 17, an elastic pulsating rod-needle 18 is mounted with a tip to meet the flow.

The disadvantage of this method, implemented using apparatuses according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2550203, is the use of a mixer-activator only for mixing-activation of multiphase emulsions.

An object of the invention is a deep stable and prolonged destruction of fuel hydrocarbons by mechanochemical action, ensuring stable preservation of chemical characteristics and increased calorific value of the fuel after exposure to it, as well as simplifying the processing of fuel.

The technical result provided by the claimed method is to reduce the consumption of liquid hydrocarbon fuels in devices for generating thermal and mechanical energy, for example, in internal combustion engines.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the chromatograph determines the quantitative content of fuel components, heats it at 35-40 ° C, pumps (in Fig. Not shown), depending on the type of fuel, set the flow rate from 20 to 40 cm / s, pump the fuel through combined universal static mixer-activator, where fuel clusters are abraded with helical vortex-like flows in the first chamber, they are successively fed into two hydrodynamic and two acoustic cavitation chambers, which repeatedly expose molecules fuel dispersion, pumped through the spatial space grid of the third chamber and the final dispersion of long-chain fuel molecules is carried out, fed to the fourth chamber, where the flow is transferred from a pulsating turbulent to a stationary laminar flow with an elasticly pulsating rod-needle with a cross section aligned for the chemical self-organization of fuel from the mixer -activator is fed into a container, kept for 50-60 days, the quantitative content of components is determined again on a chromatograph and identifying at least 20% of new light components, produce fuel as a marketable product.

Implementation of the proposed method by mechanochemical and cavitation treatment crushes the initial molecular chains in the fuel into shorter, lighter molecules with increased calorific value and form active radicals in the fuel, for example, R-CH ₂ ^- (see Akhmatov A.S. Molecular Physics of Boundary Friction, Moscow: Fizmatgiz, 1963. - 472 p.).

As a result, the implementation of the proposed method leads to a noticeable decrease in fuel consumption, for example, in internal combustion engines.

Examples of the method:

1. In July 2011, at the Military Aviation Engineering University (Voronezh), bench tests of the KamAZ-740 engine with successive installations of three slightly different activator mixers in its fuel system were carried out (Appendix 1).

2. In the same place, in July 2011, similar bench tests of the ZMZ-406 engine were carried out (Appendix 2).

These tests showed a decrease in the consumption of diesel fuel with different activators by 26.5 and 28.6, and gasoline by 21.3, 27.7, 31.9% with a noticeable reduction in the exhaust gas of engines of the hydrocarbon content of CH _x .

3. In 2013, in the laboratory No. 7 of the GNU VNIITiN of the Russian Agricultural Academy, two-month tests of normal-80, regular-92, premium-95, super-98, super-98 gasoline treated with mixer-activator of gasoline AI-92 according to GOST R 51106-97, AI-92 gasolines according to TU 38.001165-97, AI-98 according to TU 38.401-58-127-95, gasoline "Superlux" and "Premium" of the British oil and gas company "Beyond petroleum" (formerly "British Petroleum") according to a set of methods for accelerated testing of oil products on full-scale units, model single-cylinder installations and in internal combustion engines in combination with tests of on control methods specified in the scientific and technical documentation for each oil product (Appendix 3).

4. Similar tests in 2013 in laboratory No. 7 of the GNU VNIITiN of the Russian Agricultural Academy of diesel fuels of grades B and C type II, as well as diesel fuel of class 1 type I according to GOST R 52368-2005 (EN 590: 2009) Euro diesel fuel (Appendix 3) .

Studies on p. 3 and 4 of fuels treated with an activator mixer, showed such a change:

- reduced hydrocarbon content with the number of carbon atoms more than 10, light hydrocarbons appeared (hexane, heptane, 3 n-pentane),

- the concentration of the resulting light hydrocarbons is 20-30%,

- reduced sulfur content in 1.5-2 times, and actual resins up to 9 times,

- when using activated fuels, the content of toxic gases in the exhaust gases of gasoline ICE is reduced by CO by 79%, by NO and NO ₂ to 14%.

5. In July 2014, in the laboratory of the Military Research Center of the Air Force of the Air Force Academy. NOT. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin (Voronezh), comparative bench tests of an advanced activator with a YaMZ-236 diesel engine were carried out on three different diesel fuels during the installation of the mixer-activator both in the direct fuel supply line to the high pressure fuel pump and in the drain line from it. Idling a diesel engine at a crankshaft speed of 900-1300 min ^-1 in eleven trials lasting 5-10 minutes at first without installing an activator, and then with it a decrease in activated fuel consumption by an average of 26.3% was revealed (table 1).

6. The activator was tested at the US Center for Industrial Research (Rochester Institute of Technology), where a decrease in sulfur content in motor fuels of up to 50%, resins of 7–9 times, and content in exhaust gas NO - up to 17%, NO ₂ - up to 14%, and СО - up to 49%. It was not clear, registered by the test report, an increase after activation by 2.49% of the mass of diesel fuel.

7. In the period 2009-2017. in the city of Tambov, operational tests of many prototypes of activator mixers were carried out on passenger cars with gasoline engines and on trucks with diesel engines. According to these tests, the fuel consumption of gasoline engines was markedly reduced, for example, in a separate case, to 31.9%, and on average by 20-25%.

8. Numerous chromatographic and chemotological quantitative determinations of the fractional composition of the initial and processed in the mixer-activator of gasolines, jet fuel, diesel fuel, rapeseed oil were carried out.

So, Table 2 shows the results of the analysis dated November 19, 2010 on a Crystallux-4000M chromatograph in the Tambov certified laboratory for the forensic medical examination of samples of the same diesel fuel: the first sample before activation and the second sample after passing the same fuel through the mixer -activator.

According to table 2, it is seen that the activator sharply changed the fractional composition of diesel fuel with the formation of an overwhelming (30%) amount of heptane, which was absent in the initial fuel, with a decrease in the amount of all other hydrocarbons present in the first sample. Modification of the fractional composition of diesel fuel is also illustrated by the graph in FIG. four.

Changes in the chemical parameters of activated diesel fuel, confirming its modification, are shown in table 3.

9. Not only stability was revealed, but also the prolongation of the mechanochemical conversion of diesel hydrocarbons after they left the activator mixer, which is confirmed by the following results:

- 20% of activated fuel with 23% light fractions (i.e. 4.6%) was introduced into non-activated fuel and after 15 minutes 12% of light fractions formed in the mixture,

- similarly, after 30% of activated (i.e. 6.9% of light fractions) are introduced, after 15 minutes, 39% of light fractions are formed in the mixture,

- but after entering 40% of the activated (i.e. 9.2% of light fractions) after 15 minutes, only 27% of light fractions formed,

- and after entering 50% of the activated fuel after 15 minutes, even less light fractions were detected in the mixture.

The stabilization of the content of activated fuel in the mixture when 40% of the activated is introduced into it is due to the fact that the interaction of active radicals with the environment depends not only on the properties of the radicals themselves, but also on the state of the excited object of their influence.

Claims (2)

1. A method of reducing the consumption of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in devices for producing thermal and mechanical energy, including mixing-activating liquids, characterized in that the chromatograph determines the quantitative content of fuel components, heats it at 35-40 ° C, with a pump depending on the type of fuel set the flow rate from 20 to 40 cm / s, pump fuel through a combined universal static mixer-activator, where fuel clusters are abraded with helical vortex flows in the first chamber, therefore, they are fed into two hydrodynamic and two acoustic cavitation chambers, which is why the fuel molecules are repeatedly dispersed, pumped through the volumetric spatial lattice of the third chamber and the final dispersion of long-chain fuel molecules is carried out, fed to the fourth chamber, where the flow is transferred from the pulsating turbulent by an elasticly pulsating rod-needle in a stationary laminar one with a velocity diagram aligned over the cross section for chemical self-organization of fuel, from a mixer-act Ivator is fed into the tank, kept for 50-60 days, the quantitative content of the components is determined again on a chromatograph, and when at least 20% of new light components are detected, they produce fuel as a marketable product. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that, if necessary, determined by the results of a quantitative determination of the content of fuel components after mixing-activation, the individual operations of the method are repeated.

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