RU2701883C1 - Layer-type plate thermoelectrogenerator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is a layer-type plate thermoelectric generator comprising a thermoelectric section consisting of thermoelectric converters made of interconnected at the edges of metal plates M1 and M2, extreme of which are connected to the terminals, thermoelectric section of which is made in the form of a layer tape consisting of thermoelectric converters, each of which is a Z-shaped plate made of metal M1, connected in turns by welding or soldering to a horizontal lower rib, located in the heating zone or upper rib, located in the zone cooling, U-shaped plate made of metal M2, forming lower and upper junctions, respectively, and along the entire length of tape in the gap between upper and lower junctions of thermoelectric converters there are heat-insulating gaskets with overlapping relative to said junctions, equal to Δ, upper and lower outer surfaces of all thermoelectric converters are coated with a layer of hydroelectric insulation, and to upper outer surface of all thermoelectric converters there is a radiator made of material with high heat conductivity.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of layer-type plate thermoelectric generator.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a power system and can be used to transform thermal energy into electrical energy in the absence of power sources.

A universal thermoelectric converter is known, comprising a housing made of a dielectric material with high thermal conductivity, finned on opposite sides by parallel ribs forming grooves between each other, reinforced by contour reinforcement from the inside, which consists of thermionic elements, which are paired parallel wire segments made of different metals M1 and M2, isolated from each other along the length by a thin layer of dielectric material, welded together at the ends, forming other rows arranged in such a way that the parts of the soldered ends of the wire segments are located in the layers of dielectric material of parallel ribs, parallel to their lateral surface, without touching it, and the middle parts of the wire segments are located in the array of dielectric material of the case, the rows are interconnected by jumpers, the extreme wire segments of the extreme rows are connected to unipolar collectors of electric charges. [RF patent No. 2575769, IPC H01L 35/02, 2016].

The disadvantages of the known universal thermoelectric converter are the high consumption of metals M1 and M2 for the manufacture of thermionic elements, which determines the significant weight of the device, the complexity of their manufacture, due to the need for billet wire segments, flattening and soldering of their ends, which increases the cost and, thus, reduces its efficiency.

Closer to the proposed invention is a tape thermoelectric generator comprising a prefabricated housing consisting of a top cover and a bottom, which are made on the inside with horizontal oval grooves, side sides, equipped with round nests on the inside, located opposite each oval groove, end flanged covers, the top cover and bottom are made of a dielectric material with high thermal conductivity, the side walls are made of a dielectric material with low thermal conductivity The cover is equipped with pole collectors at opposite ends, inside the case, studs are horizontally inserted through the oval grooves parallel to its ends through the oval grooves of the side flanges, a ribbon is inserted in the gaps between them and the surface of the oval grooves, both surfaces of which, with the exception of the initial and last sections tapes are alternately covered with equal segments of strips (plates) of foil of different metals M1 and M2 with overlapping so that the upper and lower ends of each segment of the foil are pressed to the surface of the trays of oval grooves of the top cover and the bottom, respectively, forming a separate, vertically located, thermionic (thermoelectric) transducer connected similarly to the previous and subsequent thermionic transducers in the entire casing, forming a thermoelectric section, the initial and last sections of the tape are covered with equal segments of strips foils of different metals M1 and M2 only on the inside, their upper ends are tightly connected to the pole collectors (current outputs), and dense contact of the lower ends of the pole collectors with the upper ends of the extreme segments of the foil strips of the thermoelectric section, as well as the upper and lower segments of the foil strips of metals M1 and M2 of all thermionic converters, is carried out by compression to the end of the side boards, as well as by pressing end flanged covers to them [Application for an image. No. 201715155, IPC H01L 35/02, 2017].

The main disadvantages of the known tape thermoelectric generator are the vertical arrangement of thermoelectric converters and the small contact area of metals M1 and M2 on the junctions, the placement of thermoelectric converters in the housing and the consequent absence of direct contact of junctions with hot and cooling media, a significant distance between the upper and lower junctions, entailing an increase in electrical resistance in thermoelectric converters, which complicates its design, It reduces its weight, reduces the temperature drop on opposite junctions and, thus, reduces its effectiveness.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a layered plate thermoelectric generator.

The technical result is achieved by a layered plate thermoelectric generator containing a thermoelectric section, which is a layered tape consisting of interconnected thermoelectric converters, each of which is a Z-shaped plate made of metal M1, connected alternately by welding or soldering with a horizontal lower rib located in the heating zone or the upper rib located in the cooling zone, a U-shaped plate made of metal M2, forming the lower and upper junctions, respectively, and along the entire length of the tape in the interval between the upper and lower junctions of the thermoelectric converters, heat-insulating gaskets are placed with an inlet with respect to the aforementioned junctions equal to Δ, a radiator made of a material with high thermal conductivity is attached to the upper surface of all thermoelectric converters coated with a layer of hydroelectric insulation, the lower the surface of all thermoelectric converters is also covered with a layer of hydroelectric insulation, and the edges of Z-shaped and U-shaped plates teen extreme thermoelectric converters connected with current.

In FIG. 1-7 presents the proposed layered plate thermoelectric generator (SPTEG); FIG. 1-3 is a general view of the SPTEG, FIG. 4, 5 - sections of thermoelectric converters (TEC), FIG. 6, 7 - TEP docking unit.

The proposed SPTEG contains a thermoelectric section (TES) 1, which is a layered tape consisting of interconnected thermoelectric converters (TEC) 2, each of which is a Z-shaped plate 3 made of metal M1, connected alternately by welding or soldering with horizontal lower rib 4, located in the heating zone or upper rib 5, located in the cooling zone, U-shaped plate 6. made of metal M2, forming the lower 7 and upper 8 junctions, respectively, and along the entire length of the layer oh the tape between the upper 7 and lower 8 junctions TEP 2 insulating gasket 9 positioned with an overlap with respect to the above mentioned junctions of equal Δ (Δ value is chosen from the condition of preventing contact of adjacent junctions 7 or 8). to the upper surface of all TEC 2, covered with a layer of hydroelectric insulation (not shown in FIGS. 1-7), a radiator 10 is attached (attachment points not shown) made of material with high thermal conductivity (a radiator made in the form of a channel is shown in FIGS. 1-7) , the lower surface of all TEC 2 is also covered with a layer of hydroelectric insulation (not shown in FIGS. 1-7), and the edges of the plates 3 and 6 of the extreme TEC 2 are connected to current leads 11 and 12.

The basis of the proposed SPTEG is the following. Since SPTEGs consist of separate thermoelectric converters (TECs) 2 made of pairs of segments of Z-shaped 3 and U-shaped 6 plates made of different metals M1 and M2, with large area junctions tightly connected to each other, when heated ( cooling) of one TEP 2 junctions on the one hand and cooling (heating) of the junctions opposite to them, they are set at different temperatures and thermal emission of electrons occurs in the contact zone of metals M1 and M2, as a result of which thermoelectricity appears in TEP 2 and TES 1 [S. G. Kalashnikov. Electricity. - M: "Science", 1970, p. 502-506].

SPTEG works as follows. When the lower surface of the TEC 2 of the TES 1 layer tape comes into contact with the hot medium, and the radiator 8 of the opposite side with the cold medium, the upper junctions of the 8 TEC 2 are cooled from above, and the lower 7 are heated due to the heat-insulating gasket 9, different temperatures are set on them, the heat transfer process occurs from hot to cold. Simultaneously with the heat transfer process, as a result of the temperature difference between the heated 7 and cooled 8 junctions of the TEC 2, thermoelectricity appears in the tape 1, which through current leads 11, 12 and single-pole collectors of electric charges enters the converter and the battery (not shown in Fig. 1-7), whence served to the consumer.

Moreover, the presence of heat-insulating gaskets 9, a small distance between the upper 8 and lower 7 junctions of TEC 2, their significant area ensure the transfer of more heat, lower electrical resistance and, consequently, an increase in the generated thermoelectricity of SPTEG in comparison with the prototype. In addition, the horizontal strip layout of TPP 1 and pressing TEC 2 against a hot surface by radiator 10 creates a more dense contact of these bands, which also increases the production of thermoelectricity by each TEP 2 and, accordingly, the entire SPTEG.

The magnitude of the difference in electric potential at current leads 11, 12 and the strength of the electric current depends on the characteristics of the metal plates M1 and M2 from which the plates 3 and 6 are made, the areas of the junctions 7 and 8, the number of TECs 2 in the tape 1, the temperature differences on the opposite junctions 7 and 8 TEP 2. The resulting electric current from a single SPTEG can be used to recharge gadgets-mobile phones, iPhones, players and similar devices in the absence of power supply in the presence of hot or cold surfaces. So, for example, in the presence of a hot surface (surface of the plate), the SPTEG is installed on the lower junctions 7. In the presence of a cold surface (snow, ice), the SPTEG is mounted on the radiator 10 on the contrary. When assembling a variety of SPTEG, the obtained electric current can be used for a variety of purposes ( lighting of buildings, hot water supply, charging car batteries, power supply for space and underwater vehicles, etc.), subject to the presence of media or surfaces with different temperatures.

Thus, the present invention, as a result of the use of thermoelectric converters made of pairs of segments of Z-shaped 3 and U-shaped 6 plates made of different metals M1 and M2, with junctions of large area, direct contact of junctions with a hot medium, a small distance between upper and lower junctions, which entails a decrease in electrical resistance and an increase in temperature difference on opposite junctions in thermoelectric converters, simplifying the design by performing The rmoelectric section in the form of a layered tape reduces its weight, increases the heat flux passing through thermoelectric converters and generated thermoelectricity and, thus, increases its efficiency.

Claims (1)

A layered plate thermoelectric generator comprising a thermoelectric section consisting of thermoelectric converters made of metal plates M1 and M2 interconnected at the edges of the plates, the extreme ones of which are connected to current leads, characterized in that the thermoelectric section is made in the form of a layer tape consisting of thermoelectric converters, each of which is a Z-shaped plate made of metal M1, connected alternately by welding or soldering with a horizontal lower rib m, located in the heating zone, or the upper rib located in the cooling zone, U-shaped plate made of metal M2, forming the lower and upper junctions, respectively, and along the entire length of the tape in the gap between the upper and lower junctions of thermoelectric converters are insulated gaskets with an inlet with respect to the aforementioned junctions equal to Δ, the upper and lower outer surfaces of all thermoelectric converters are covered with a layer of hydroelectric insulation, and to the upper outer surface of all thermoelectrics tric converters attached radiator made of a material with high thermal conductivity.

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