RU2701501C1 - Method for prediction of nitrogen preservation level during utilization of livestock breeding wastes on the whole technological cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture (agroengineering ecology) and is intended for the nitrogen level safety forecasting during the livestock breeding wastes utilization that is necessary for the livestock enterprises functioning ecological safety level estimation, assessment of potential modernization of existing enterprises, as well as selection of rational technologies for utilization of livestock farming wastes for newly created enterprises. Method for prediction of level of nitrogen conservation during utilization of livestock waste by whole process cycle comprises sampling initial waste, in which it is determined: water content by thermostatic-weight method, content of total nitrogen by Kjeldahl method, content of total carbon by Tyurin method, nitrogen level is determined on the whole process cycle by formulas.

EFFECT: invention will make it possible to increase reliability of prediction of level of preservation of nitrogen during utilization of livestock breeding wastes on the whole technological cycle, including operations of processing, storage, transportation and introduction into soil as fertilizer, and enables to predict nitrogen preservation level for wastes with water content less than and greater than 92 %.

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Description

A method for predicting the level of nitrogen conservation during the disposal of animal waste throughout the entire technological cycle

The invention relates to the field of agriculture (agroengineering ecology) and is intended to predict the level of nitrogen conservation during the disposal of livestock products, which is necessary to assess the level of environmental safety of livestock enterprises, assess the potential for modernization of existing enterprises, as well as the selection of rational technologies for the disposal of livestock for established enterprises .

The known method of labeled atoms - stable and radioactive isotopes (Narusheva E.A. Research methods in agrochemistry: a short course of lectures for graduate students in the field of study 35.01.06 Agriculture. Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, 2014. - p. 68 -71), based on the analysis of concentrations of indicator isotopes and carrier isotopes in chemical and biological processes. Based on the ratios of indicator isotopes, the content of carrier isotopes in various research objects is estimated, including nitrogen loss (preservation) in soil and plants. Natural nitrogen consists of two stable isotopes. Air nitrogen contains 99.635% of nitrogen-14 atoms and 0.365% of nitrogen-15 atoms. In soils, the nitrogen content with a mass of 15 ranges from 0.365% to 0.373%. In agrochemical studies, labeled compounds are used in which the nitrogen-15 content is more than 10%. By tracing the path of the indicator isotope (nitrogen-15), one can judge the behavior of the carrier isotope (nitrogen-14), its distribution between nitrogenous compounds in the fertilizer - soil - plant system. The loss (safety) of nitrogen is determined by analyzing the excess of atomic percent - the difference between the enrichment of nitrogen-15 of the sample and the natural natural content of nitrogen-15, which is determined in the original sample.

The disadvantages of this method are the technical technical complexity of the method and the ability to determine the safety of nitrogen only after disposal (inability to predict the value of the safety of nitrogen).

There is a method for predicting the values of nitrogen losses in the processing of animal waste according to reference data, depending on the processing technology (RD-APK 1.10.15.02-17 Methodological recommendations for the technological design of systems for removal and preparation for the use of manure and litter. Moscow, 2017, p. 104 -105). Depending on the applied processing technology, the corresponding average reference value is taken as the predicted level of nitrogen storage.

The disadvantage of this method is the low reliability (accuracy), since it does not take into account the characteristics of the initial waste and especially storage and introduction after processing.

The closest analogue to the claimed method is predicting the values of nitrogen losses during the processing of liquid animal waste by the formula:

Y = 47.23 +8.73 x ₁ +3.95 x ₂ +7.67 x ₃ + 2.95 x ₄ +5.08 x ₅ -

3.42 x ₁ x ₄ + 5.02 x ₂ x ₃ -5.02 x ₂ x ₅ -1.3 x ₃ x ₄ +1.83 x ₃ x ₆ + 2.42 x ₅ x ₆

+ 2.89x ₁ x ₂ x ₃ + 1.3x ₁ x ₂ x ₆ -1.36x ₁ x ₃ x ₆ + 1.36x ₂ x ₃ x ₅

where X ₁ - coefficient of processing technology efficiency, expresses

the level of nitrogen storage as a percentage at the processing stage.

X _{2 -} coefficient of efficiency of storage technology, expresses

the level of nitrogen storage as a percentage during the storage phase.

X ₃ - coefficient of efficiency of technology for fertilizing the soil.

X ₄ - moisture coefficient of the processed material,% water content.

X ₅ - the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the processed material.

X ₆ - the coefficient of efficiency (quality) of the staff.

This formula was obtained as a result of logical-linguistic modeling based on theoretical principles and expert assessments (Bryukhanov A.Yu., Spesivtsev A.V., Subbotin I.A. Environmental safety assessment based on logical-linguistic modeling of liquid manure utilization processes // Technologies and technical means of mechanized production of crop and livestock products. 2015. No. 86. P. 129-139.)

The disadvantages of this method is the possibility of using the method only for livestock waste with a water content of more than 92% and low reliability (accuracy) of the forecast, since these formulas were obtained on the basis of theoretical principles and expert estimates without adapting to real experimental values.

The objective of the proposed method is to increase the reliability of predicting the level of preservation of nitrogen during the disposal of animal waste throughout the entire technological cycle and gaining the ability to predict the level of preservation of nitrogen for waste with water content less than 92%.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method for predicting the level of nitrogen safety during the disposal of animal waste throughout the entire technological cycle includes sampling the initial waste, which determines: the water content by the thermostatic weight method, the total nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method, the total carbon content by the Tyurin method, determine the level of nitrogen safety throughout the entire technological cycle by the formula.

New significant features:

1. For liquid waste (water content more than 92%).

Y ₁ = 40.31 + 6.27 x ₁ + 3.7 x ₂ + 4.72 x ₃ + 1.38 x ₄ + 5.21 x ₅ -5.94 x ₁ x ₄ + 1.57 x ₂ x ₃ + 2.15 x ₂ x ₄ - 4.81 x ₂ x ₅ ;

2. For solid and semi-liquid waste (water content 92% or less)

Y ₂ = 44.83 + 4.71x ₁ + 4.25x ₂ + 6.72x ₃ + 1.75x ₄ + 1.93x ₅ - 1.75x ₁ x ₂ + 2.63x ₂ x ₃ –3.86x ₂ x ₅ + 2.63x ₃ x ₄ + 1.52x ₁ x ₂ x ₄ + 2.07x ₁ x ₃ x ₄ + 3.28x ₂ x ₃ x ₄ ;

The listed new essential features, together with the known ones, are necessary and sufficient to achieve a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

The technical result of the present invention is to increase the reliability (accuracy) of predicting the level of nitrogen safety during the disposal of livestock waste throughout the entire technological cycle (including operations of processing, storage, transportation and soil application as fertilizer), the predicted values obtained during the testing of the method turned out to be close to the actual values determined by the balance method based on instrument measurements - the error was less than 10% and the ability to predict the level of nitrogen rannosti waste having a water content less than 92%.

A method for predicting the level of nitrogen conservation during the disposal of animal waste throughout the entire technological cycle (including processing, storage, transportation and soil application as fertilizer) is implemented by taking a sample of the initial waste, determining the parameters of the initial waste: water content, total nitrogen content (N) , the content of total carbon (C), the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C: N), is determined by technological factors, Analysis of samples of the initial waste is determined by accepted agrochemical methods: nitrogen is determined They use the Kjeldahl method, carbon - the Tyurin method, the water content (humidity) is determined by the thermostat-weight method. The values of technological factor variables in a standardized form are determined by choosing from the correspondence tables (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3).

Table 1

Table of correspondence of processing technology to the level of nitrogen storage (variable X ₁ )

Processing technology Standardized Nitrogen Retention Rate Sump treatment followed by aeration -1.00 Processing in sedimentation tanks followed by treatment in fish and biological ponds -0.25 Long-term storage of liquid waste (without coating formation) 0.00 Long-term storage of liquid waste (without coating formation) 0.25 Long-term storage in closed storage 0.40 Separation followed by storage and composting 0.50 Anaerobic digestion (biogas) 1.00 Long-term solid waste retention -1.00 Passive composting -0.50 Active composting 0.25 Processing in a chamber-type bioreactor 0.75 Processing in a drum-type bioreactor 1.00

table 2

Correspondence table of storage technology for nitrogen storage level (variable X ₂ )

Storage technology Standardized Nitrogen Retention Rate Storage of liquid waste in open storage without roof or other elements of protection against atmospheric precipitation -1.00 Storage of liquid waste in open storage facilities with a roof or other structural element of protection against atmospheric precipitation -0.50 Storage of liquid waste in closed storage facilities 1.00 Field solid waste storage -1.00 Storage of solid waste in waterproofed areas without covering materials -0.25 Storage of solid waste in waterproofing areas with covering materials 0.50 Solid Waste Storage in Indoor Waterproofing Areas 1.00

Table 3

Correspondence table of the technology of applying the soil to the level of nitrogen conservation (variable X ₃ )

Soil application technology Standardized Nitrogen Retention Rate Simple drain -1.00 Spatter -0.75 Application by hose systems -0.25 Surface application of liquid fertilizer followed by simultaneous plowing 0.75 Intrasoil liquid fertilizer application 1.00 Spreading solid fertilizer without plowing or with plowing more than a day later -1.00 Spreading solid fertilizer with stock during the day -0.75 Spreading solid fertilizer with stock for 4 hours 0.00 Solid fertilizer spreading while cultivating 0.50 Solid fertilizer spreading with simultaneous plowing 0.75 Spreading solid fertilizer with deep plowing (flipping) 1.00

The obtained values of the waste characteristics are converted into a standardized dimensionless form by the following transformations:

For solid and semi-liquid waste: x ₄ = (76-Vp) / 16, where Vp is the moisture content of the initial waste in percent (percentage of water in the waste);

For liquid waste: x ₄ = (Vp -95) / 3;

x ₅ = (CN-20) / 10, where CN = C: N is the ratio of the masses of carbon to nitrogen in the initial waste.

The predicted level of nitrogen preservation for disposal of animal waste is determined by the formulas: waste liquid (water content of deviating more than 92%) Y ₁ = 40.31 + 6,27h 3,7h ₁ + ₂ + ₃ + 4,72h 1,38h ₄ + 5.21 x ₅ -5.94 x ₁ x ₄ + 1.57 x ₂ x ₃ + 2.15 x ₂ x ₄ - 4.81 x ₂ x ₅ ; for solid and semi-liquid waste (the water content in the waste is less than or equal to 92%) Y ₂ = 44.83 + 4.71x ₁ + 4.25x ₂ + 6.72x ₃ + 1.75x ₄ + 1.93x ₅ - 1 , 75x ₁ x ₂ + 2.63x ₂ x ₃ –3.86x ₂ x ₅ + 2.63x ₃ x ₄ + 1.52x ₁ x ₂ x ₄ + 2.07x ₁ x ₃ x ₄ + 3.28x ₂ x ₃ x _4,

where x ₁ is the coefficient of the level of preservation of nitrogen at the stage of processing;

x ₂ - coefficient of the level of preservation of nitrogen at the stage of storage;

x ₃ - coefficient of nitrogen preservation at the stage of application to the soil as fertilizer;

x ₄ - moisture coefficient (water content) of the processed material;

x ₅ is the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the feed material.

Example 1. (Initial waste - litter with a moisture content of 65%).

A method for predicting the level of nitrogen preservation in the disposal of animal waste was used to determine the level of nitrogen preservation at an egg-oriented poultry farm with poultry cell content and a tape droppings removal system located in the Leningrad Region. A sample of the resulting litter was sampled, a laboratory analysis of the selected litter sample was carried out: nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method, carbon was determined by the Tyurin method, and water content (humidity) was determined by the thermostatic-weight method. The technologies used at the agricultural enterprise were analyzed to determine the values of technological factor variables by choosing from tables 1, 2, 3 and the value of the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C: N) was calculated. Values of C: N and humidity of the initial waste were converted to a standardized form. The values of factor variables in natural and standardized values are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

Values of factor variables and nitrogen safety level

Factor variable Factor Description Standardized value X ₁ Passive composting -0.50 X ₂ Waterproofing platforms -0.25 X ₃ Scattering -0.75 X ₄ Water content 65% 0.70 X ₅ The ratio of carbon to nitrogen C: N = 15: 1 -0.50 Estimated Preservation Value (Y ₂ ) 35.72 Actual value of preservation 36,44

Substituting the initial data - the values of factor variables in a standardized form in the polynomial equation Y ₂ = 44.83 + 4.71x ₁ + 4.25x ₂ + 6.72x ₃ + 1.75x ₄ + 1.93x ₅ –1.75x ₁ x ₂ + 2.63x ₂ x ₃ –3.86x ₂ x ₅ + 2.63x ₃ x ₄ + 1.52x ₁ x ₂ x ₄ + 2.07x ₁ x ₃ x ₄ + 3.28x ₂ x ₃ x ₄

the nitrogen preservation value was calculated. The result calculated according to the model turned out to be close to the actual value determined by the balance method based on instrumental measurements - the error was 1.98%.

Example 2

 (The initial waste is liquid pig manure with a moisture content of 95.4%).

A method for predicting the level of nitrogen safety in the disposal of animal waste was used to determine the level of nitrogen safety in a finished-cycle pig complex with non-walking animals in group machines with a total annual population of about 100,000 heads, located in the Leningrad Region. A sample of the resulting manure was taken, laboratory analysis of the selected manure sample was carried out: nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method, carbon was determined by the Tyurin method, and the water content (humidity) was determined by the thermostatic-weight method. The technologies used at the agricultural enterprise were analyzed to determine the values of technological factor variables by choosing from tables 1, 2, 3 and the ratio of nitrogen to carbon (C: N) was calculated. Values of C: N and humidity of the initial waste were converted to a standardized form. The values of factor variables in natural and standardized values are shown in Table 5.

Table 5

Values of factor variables and nitrogen safety level

Factor variable Factor Description Standardized value X ₁ Long-term storage in closed storage 0.40 X ₂ Storage of liquid waste in closed storage facilities 1.00 X ₃ Intrasoil liquid fertilizer application 1.00 X ₄ Water Content 95.4% 0.13 X ₅ The ratio of carbon to nitrogen C: N = 10: 1 -1.00 Estimated Preservation Value (Y ₁ ) 52.55 Actual value of preservation 49.87

Substituting the initial data - the values of factor variables in a standardized form in the polynomial equation Y ₁ = 40.31 + 6.27x ₁ + 3.7x ₂ + 4.72x ₃ + 1.38x ₄ + 5.21x ₅ -5.94x ₁ x ₄ + 1.57 x ₂ x ₃ + 2.15 x ₂ x ₄ - 4.81 x ₂ x ₅ , the nitrogen preservation value was calculated. The result calculated by the model turned out to be close to the actual value determined by the balance method based on instrument measurements - the error was 5.39%.

Claims (11)

A method for predicting the level of nitrogen safety during the disposal of animal waste throughout the entire technological cycle, which consists in sampling the initial waste, determining the water content in it by the thermostatic-weight method, the total nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method, the total carbon by the Tyurin method, the level of nitrogen safety throughout the entire technological cycle, which differs the fact that the predicted level of nitrogen safety during the disposal of animal waste throughout the entire technological cycle is calculated by the formulas: - for liquid waste (water content in the waste is more than 92%) Y ₁ = 40.31 + 6.27 x ₁ + 3.7 x ₂ + 4.72 x ₃ + 1.38 x ₄ + 5.21 x ₅ -5.94 x ₁ x ₄ + 1.57 x ₂ x ₃ + 2.15 x ₂ x ₄ -4.81 x ₂ x ₅ ; - for solid and semi-liquid waste (waste water content of 92% or less) Y ₂ = 44.83 + 4.71x ₁ + 4.25x ₂ + 6.72x ₃ + 1.75x ₄ + 1.93x ₅ –1.75x ₁ x ₂ + 2.63x ₂ x ₃ –3.86x ₂ x ₅ + 2.63x ₃ x ₄ + 1.52x ₁ x ₂ x ₄ + 2.07x ₁ x ₃ x ₄ + 3.28x ₂ x ₃ x ₄ , where the independent variables are presented in a standardized form: x ₁ - coefficient of applied processing technology; x ₂ is the coefficient of the storage method used; x ₃ - coefficient of the applied method of applying to the soil as fertilizer; x ₄ - coefficient of humidity (water content) of the processed material; x ₅ is the ratio of nitrogen to carbon in the feed material.