RU2698144C1 - Method for laying hens feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method of increasing productive qualities of laying hens and quality of manufactured products (eggs). Method is characterized by the fact that in the main chicken ration one additionally introduces in amount of 1.5 % of the ration diet a fodder additive made from broiler chickens of the muscular stomach.

EFFECT: use of the invention will allow reducing costs and improving productive qualities.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture (feeding farm animals and poultry) and can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of laying hens in the conditions of the Magadan region.

Method of application: feeding to laying hens a feed additive from the cuticle of the muscle stomach of broiler chickens at a dose of 15 kg per 1 ton of feed in addition to the main diet.

The implementation of the invention contributed to the intensification of metabolic processes occurring in the body of laying hens: digestibility of dry matter of feed increased by 2.3%, protein of feed - by 1.6%, fat of feed - by 4.8%, BEV - by 1.1% fiber - by 1.8%; the use of feed nitrogen - by 8.2%; phosphorus - 4.8%; calcium - by 7.6%; potassium - by 2.5%.

Due to the intensification of metabolic processes, the productive qualities of laying hens increased: gross egg collection and egg production for the initial laying hen by 3.8%; oviposition intensity - by 3.4%; the total yield of egg mass and the yield of egg mass in the initial laying hen is 9.7%.

The use of a feed additive made from the cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens in the diet had a positive effect on the quality indicators of products (eggs): the content of crude fat in the egg mass increased by 3.9%; crude protein - by 2.5%; BEV - by 13.3%; calcium - by 6.9%; phosphorus - 9.1%.

Due to the intensification of metabolic processes occurring in the body of laying hens, and increasing the productivity of poultry, there was a decrease in feed costs for the production of 1 kg of egg mass by 7.5%; as well as the cost of feed protein per 1 kg of egg mass by 4.6%.

The economic effect on the production of 1000 eggs amounted to 469.6 rubles. (based on the spent feed).

Feed products, premixes and additives recommended for entering into the diets of farm animals and poultry containing in their composition a cuticle of the muscular stomach of a bird are not known.

We found a published source in which the authors provide experimental data on the use of 0.5-1.5% of the cuticle of the muscle stomach in the diets of broiler chickens. The inclusion of a cuticle in the diet of broiler chickens had a positive effect on the growth and development of chickens: safety increased to 3.6%; live weight - up to 8.9%; average daily gain in live weight - up to 9.5%; the yield of carcasses of the first category - up to 9.8%; dry matter content in muscle tissue - up to 7.1%; calorie meat - up to 10% of the control indicators [1].

The purpose of our invention is the intensification of the metabolic processes of the body of laying hens, increasing their productive qualities, feed conversion, quality and consumer properties of the products (eggs).

This goal is achieved by using a new non-traditional feed additive of animal origin in poultry diets made from waste from slaughter of a bird (cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens).

Given the high demand of poultry for complete protein and amino acids included in its composition, it is practically impossible to make a physiologically and economically feasible diet without animal feed. The introduction of animal protein sources into the diet makes it possible to significantly facilitate the balancing of diets for essential amino acids, in connection with this, poultry feeding specialists are looking for new sources of raw materials that could replace the lack of traditionally used expensive protein animal feeds in poultry diets. Animal feed has long been used in poultry farming, the most common among them are waste from meat plants and poultry farms, waste from fish processing and various marine life.

These foods are rich in minerals and vitamins, as well as a complete protein, in which there are more lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine and some other amino acids than in plant proteins.

Poultry gutting waste makes up about 30% of its live weight, with annual production at a poultry farm with a capacity of 10 million broilers about 5 thousand tons are “soft” waste and about 980 tons are feather waste. Disposal of this waste is a problem for the enterprise, therefore, its processing for feed purposes is one of the rational solutions. Low-value waste from poultry processing has not yet been sufficiently studied, but it is known that the protein content in some slaughter waste reaches 32%, and in fluff and feathers more than 70% of keratins [2, 3, 4].

Known sources in which the authors investigated feed additives of animal origin made from slaughter waste for use in the diets of farm animals and poultry.

Feed meal from hydrolyzed bird feather. The feather of a bird consists of 80-90% of protein compounds belonging to the group of keratins. This product can be produced with the inclusion in the processing of the intestines of poultry and defective carcasses or parts (wings, heads, etc.). Feed for laying hens, including non-fermented feather hydrolyzate, have functional properties that can affect the increase in bird productivity and product quality. The composition of flour made from unfermented feather hydrolyzate includes 80.1% of crude protein containing 1.56% of lysine; 0.43 - methionine; 3.60 - cystine; 0.41-tryptophan; 6.41 - arginine; 0.36 - histidine; 7.08 - leucine; 4.61 - isoleucine; 4.0 - phenylalanine; 2.01 - tyrosine; 3.90 - threonine; 7.42 - valine; 6.58% - glycine. Such flour includes 63 mg of zinc; 79 mg of iron; 1.19 mg manganese; 0.9 mg of copper and 1450 mg of cobalt. With the inclusion of 0.5-2.5% keratin-containing raw materials in the diets of geese, a positive effect of the use of the additive on the growth and development of feather cover, and the quality of feather fluff was revealed. The use of 1-2% hydrolyzate to the weight of the diet of laying hens made it possible to increase egg production in the average laying hen by 3.6-5.5%, the intensity of oviposition - by 1.6-3.2%; the average egg mass is 0.2-0.5%; yield of egg mass - by 3.8-6.1%; feed costs for the production of 10 eggs decreased by 2.8-3.8%; per 1 kg of egg mass - by 3.1-4.3%. Protein digestibility increased by 1.0%; fat - by 0.5%; nitrogen - by 1.3% [4,5,6].

Dry concentrate from low-value feather birds. The feed concentrate is produced using various processing methods (enzyme modification of the structure, stepwise fermentation of the nutrient medium) followed by drying, as a result of which the feed is enriched with more than 10 times soluble protein fractions. The feed concentrate contains more than 80% protein, including more than 50% water-soluble, which include all the essential and semi-essential (cystine, tyrosine) amino acids. Protein and protein substances rich in sulfur-containing and essential amino acids are well absorbed due to their high solubility (90-98%) and digestibility (80%) [3].

Enzymatic hydrolyzate from feather birds. The product has high biological value. On the basis of enzymatic hydrolysis, the transfer of feather keratin from an indigestible form to an assimilable form is possible, while its digestibility increases to 98%; the addition of broilers to the diet up to 2.5% increases the gain in live weight by 10-12%. Replacing 2.5% of fish meal with the same amount of hydrolyzate gives fairly good results. Feeding 1 kg of hydrolysates as an additive allows you to get an additional 2.5 kg of gain in live weight [3].

Blood meal. The feed additive is produced from blood, hatchery and bone (not more than 5%), by steam treatment until the temperature reaches 100 ° C, followed by drying, which ensures reliable coagulation and sterilization. Blood flour contains 73-81% protein, 3-6% fat, is used as a source of protein, has a high iron content. A feed additive made only from the blood of farm animals and poultry contains 17.3-23.7% protein; 1.0-1.5% fat; up to 30 mg / 100 g of iron. Recommended doses of introduction into the diets of laying hens are 3-5% [5]. The American Protein Corporation has developed a technology for the production of high protein feed from pig blood, it contains 92% crude protein, all essential and non-essential amino acids, 0.1-2.0% fat; 3.05-5.0% ash; 0.5% fiber and 0.5% non-protein nitrogen. The introduction into the diet of broiler chickens 1-3% feed additive instead of fishmeal contributed to increased safety; 3.1-7.8% of live weight; by 3.4-9.1% feed conversion. The use of blood flour made according to the technology of Turkish slaughter companies in rations of laying hens contributes to an increase in egg production by 7-15% [3].

Muscle stomach of broiler chickens. The cuticle is a keratin-like layer of the hard inner shell of the muscular stomach of birds, prevailing over the other structural elements of the mucous membrane, it is easily separated and has a layered structure, contains desquamated epithelial cells. It is painted in yellow-green color, depending on bile pigments - bilirubin and biliverdin, which are thrown into the stomach with bile. The thickness of the cuticle, which determines the protective role against mechanical damage, is very different depending on the type of birds, the characteristics of their nutrition, their location in the cavity, etc. The cuticle, which forms the base of the main muscles, has a fairly strong development; in other parts of the cavity of the muscular stomach (blind bags, sides) contains an underdeveloped cuticle. In addition to the mechanical protective function, the cuticle performs a number of important functions: gives the wall of the stomach inextensibility, protects against the chemical effects of gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin [7, 8, 9]. The total mass of an easily detachable cuticle is 1 / 10-1 / 13 of the mass of the muscular stomach. The cuticle consists of a carbohydrate-protein complex, but the chemical composition of the cuticle has not been revealed to the end. When burning, the cuticle emits a horn smell, however, it is not a horn substance (creatine), but some kind of intermediate substance between keratinoid and horn-like substances. The composition of the cuticle is characterized by a high content of protein (protein), which includes a wide range of amino acids, including essential ones (table 1).

The cuticle contains digestive enzymes, including the proteolytic enzyme pepsin, which has a positive effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and on digestion, which is an effective tool for intestinal dysbiosis. The cuticle contains vitamin B _C (folic acid) necessary for cell division, growth and development of tissues and organs, blood formation processes. In chickens with a lack of folic acid, egg protein formation is impaired; its deficit increases in the absence of caprophagy. The action of the amino acids that make up the protein of the cuticle is very diverse:

лизин принимает участие в синтезе нуклеотидов, хромопротеидов (гемоглобин), меланина перьевого покрова, в функциональной деятельности нервной и эндокринной систем, регулирует обмен белков и углеводов, способствует всасыванию кальция, синтеза тканевых белков; является исходным веществом при образовании карнитина, играющего важную роль в жировом обмене;

lysine takes part in the synthesis of nucleotides, chromoproteins (hemoglobin), feather cover melanin, in the functional activity of the nervous and endocrine systems, regulates the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, promotes the absorption of calcium, the synthesis of tissue proteins; is the starting material in the formation of carnitine, which plays an important role in fat metabolism;

метионин является важным источником серы, участником окислительно-восстановительных процессов, связанный с регулированием жирового обмена, способствует удалению из печени избытков жира, необходим для роста и размножения клеток, эритроцитов;

methionine is an important source of sulfur, a participant in redox processes associated with the regulation of fat metabolism, helps to remove excess fat from the liver, is necessary for the growth and reproduction of cells, red blood cells;

аргинин является катализатором синтеза мочевины в почках, креатина белка мышечной ткани, фермента поджелудочной железы инсулина, связан с функцией паращитовидных желез и углеводным обменом, репродуктивной функцией, влияет на всасывание кальция в желудочно-кишечном тракте;

arginine is a catalyst for the synthesis of urea in the kidneys, creatine protein in muscle tissue, the pancreatic enzyme insulin, is associated with the function of the parathyroid glands and carbohydrate metabolism, reproductive function, affects the absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract;

гистидин принимает участие в энергетическом обмене организма, входит в состав активных центров ряда ферментов, стимулирует синтез гемоглобина и образование эритроцитов;

histidine takes part in the energy metabolism of the body, is part of the active centers of a number of enzymes, stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin and the formation of red blood cells;

лейцин участвует в синтезе белков плазмы крови и тканей, углеводно-жировом обмене, необходим для нормального функционирования поджелудочной железы, стимулирует кроветворную функцию;

leucine is involved in the synthesis of plasma proteins of blood and tissues, carbohydrate-fat metabolism, is necessary for the normal functioning of the pancreas, stimulates hematopoietic function;

треонин способствует использованию аминокислот корма птицей, при его недостатке в кормах повышается выделение азота с пометом, в связи, с чем снижается конверсия питательных веществ корма в продукцию, замедляется рост и развитие организма;

threonine promotes the use of amino acids in feed by the bird, with its deficiency in feed, nitrogen excretion increases with litter, in connection with which the conversion of feed nutrients to production decreases, the growth and development of the body slows down;

глицин - необходим птице для синтеза белков, роста пера, формирования хрящевой ткани, детоксикации ядов и образования желчных кислот, способствует улучшению использования йода в щитовидной железе, окислительно-восстановительных процессов в организме;

glycine - the bird needs it for protein synthesis, feather growth, the formation of cartilage, detoxification of poisons and the formation of bile acids, helps to improve the use of iodine in the thyroid gland, redox processes in the body;

изолейцин необходим для синтеза белков и использования аминокислот, содержащихся в кормах, участвует в углеводно-жировом обмене;

isoleucine is necessary for the synthesis of proteins and the use of amino acids contained in feed, is involved in carbohydrate-fat metabolism;

фенилаланин участвует в образовании тирозина, гормонов адреналина и тироксина, а также меланинов, предупреждает нарушение деятельности щитовидной железы и надпочечников;

phenylalanine is involved in the formation of tyrosine, the hormones of adrenaline and thyroxine, as well as melanins, prevents the violation of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands;

валин входит в состав всех белков, участвует в биосинтезе пантотеновой кислоты, образовании гликогена из глюкозы; он необходим для нормального функционирования нервной и эндокринной систем;

valine is part of all proteins, is involved in the biosynthesis of pantothenic acid, the formation of glycogen from glucose; it is necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems;

аспарагиновая кислота, являясь медиатором, обеспечивает связь между нейронами, обладает нейропротекторными свойствами;

aspartic acid, being a mediator, provides a connection between neurons, has neuroprotective properties;

глутаминовая кислота играет важную роль в обменных процессах организма, является нейромедиатором, стимулирует окислительные процессы, повышает устойчивость к гипоксии, способствует синтезу АТФ, переносу ионов калия, играет важную роль в деятельности скелетных мышц

glutamic acid plays an important role in the metabolic processes of the body, is a neurotransmitter, stimulates oxidative processes, increases resistance to hypoxia, promotes the synthesis of ATP, the transfer of potassium ions, plays an important role in the activity of skeletal muscles

тирозин необходим для синтеза белка, усваивается в форме катехоламинов, в частности дофамина, норадреналина, адреналина, которые способны корректировать нейрофизиологические процессы;

tyrosine is necessary for protein synthesis, is absorbed in the form of catecholamines, in particular dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenaline, which are able to correct neurophysiological processes;

серин участвует в построении почти всех природных белков, образовании активных ферментов (эстераз, пептидгидролаз), обеспечивая их функцию, играет важную роль при выполнении каталитических функций;

serine is involved in the construction of almost all natural proteins, the formation of active enzymes (esterases, peptide hydrolases), providing their function, plays an important role in the performance of catalytic functions;

цистеин - серосодержащая аминокислота, играет важную роль в процессах формирования тканей, дезинтеоксикационных процессах, способствует формированию коллагена, улучшает текстуру кожи;

cysteine - a sulfur-containing amino acid, plays an important role in tissue formation processes, detoxification processes, promotes collagen formation, improves skin texture;

пролин отвечает за формирование коллагена в организме, способствует восстановлению тканей, с возрастом перестает вырабатываться в организме и поступает только с кормом;

Proline is responsible for the formation of collagen in the body, promotes tissue repair, ceases to be produced in the body with age and comes only with food;

аланин превращается в печени в глюкозу, используется в качестве «стройматериала» для карнозина, который усиливает выносливость, предотвращает старение; вырабатывается в организме в малых количествах, что приводит к нарушению терморегуляции организма [1,2,10,11].

Alanine is converted into glucose in the liver, used as a “building material” for carnosine, which enhances endurance, prevents aging; it is produced in the body in small quantities, which leads to a violation of the thermoregulation of the body [1,2,10,11].

The complex effect of biologically active substances that make up the flour from the cuticle contributes to the activation of the vital functions of the bird's body, primarily metabolic processes and processes that affect the productivity of the bird and the quality of its products.

Example. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the production environment of LLC “Dukchinskaya Poultry Factory” (Magadan).

Laboratory studies of the chemical composition, nutritional value of feed and feed additives, obtained products (eggs), isolated litter (feces) were carried out on the basis of the Chemical Analytical Laboratory of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture. The determination of toxic elements in raw materials for the manufacture of feed additives and the study of their microbiological parameters were carried out by the Federal State Budget Institution “SAS Magadanskaya”. The duration of the experiment is 184 days; the preparatory period was 16 days, the final 15 days, the main 153 days. The object of the study was laying hens of the Decalb White cross of 41–66 weeks of age. Material for research - unconventional feed additives of animal origin - cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens. Subject of research - metabolic processes occurring in the body of laying hens, their productive qualities, feed conversion and the quality of the products. The control group of birds received the main feeding ration (RR), used in LLC “Dukchinskaya Poultry Factory”. The experimental group received 1.5% feed supplement from the cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens in addition to the main diet (table 2).

The use of 1.5% feed additive made from the cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens contributed to the intensification of metabolic processes occurring in the laying hens: digestibility of dry matter of the feed increased by 2.3%; feed protein by 1.6%; fat - by 4.8%; fiber - by 1.8%; BEV - by 1.1%; the use of crude ash - by 9.4%; nitrogen - by 8.2%; calcium - by 7.6%; phosphorus - 4.8%; potassium - by 2.5%.

Due to the intensification of metabolic processes, the productive qualities of laying hens increased: gross egg collection and egg production for the initial laying hen increased by 3.8%; oviposition intensity - by 3.4%; the total yield of egg mass and the yield of egg mass in the initial laying hen is 9.7%.

The use of a feed additive made from the cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens in the diet had a positive effect on the quality indicators of products (eggs): the content of crude fat in the egg mass increased by 3.9%; crude protein - by 2.5%; BEV - by 13.3%; calcium - by 6.9%; phosphorus - 9.1%. The nutritional value of 1 egg has increased: calorie content by 11.5%; protein content - by 9.2%; lipids - by 12.7%; carbohydrates - by 8.8% [12].

The inclusion in the diet of 1.5% feed additive made from the cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens contributed to a decrease in feed costs for the production of 1 kg of egg mass by 7.5%; as well as the cost of feed protein per 1 kg of egg mass by 4.6%. The economic effect on the production of 1000 eggs amounted to 469.6 rubles. (based on the spent feed).

The data obtained can be used to organize biologically complete feeding of laying hens, improving the productive qualities of poultry and consumer properties of products in the conditions of the Magadan Region.

Information sources

1. Miscavige, N.P. The use of recycled poultry products - cuticles - in feeding broilers. / Ways to improve agricultural production in the Far North-East: Sat. scientific tr. / RAAS. Far Eastern Branch. ZNIISKH SV. - Novosibirsk. - 1992 .-- S. 171-181.

2. Fisinin, V.I. Scientific fundamentals of feeding poultry / V.I. Fisinin [et al.] // Sergiev Posad. - 2009 .-- S. 211-212.

3. Maltsev, A.B. Unconventional feed and feed additives for poultry / A.B. Maltsev [et al.] // Omsk. - 2005 .-- S. 98-113.

4. Volik, V. Poultry waste for feed purposes / V. Volik // Poultry farming. - No. 4. - 2008 .-- S. 22-23.

5. Egorova, T.V. Feed for laying hens based on unfermented feather hydrolyzate / T.V. Egorova [et al.] // Zootechnics. - No. 11. - 2012 .-- S. 25-26.

6. Petrukhin, I.V. Feed and Feed Additives: A Guide. - M .: Rosagropromizdat. - 1989. - S. 104-120.

7. Naletova L.A. Macro- and micromorphological features of the muscular stomach of chickens and geese / L.A. Naletova // Bulletin of the Buryat State University. - No. 4. - 2010 .-- S. 186-191.

8. Naletova L.A. Anatomical and histological characteristics of the glandular stomach of chickens and geese / L.A. Naletova // Bulletin of the Buryat State University. - No. 4. - 2013 .-- S. 186-188.

9. Naletova L.A. Features of the cuticle and cuticular plate of the muscular stomach of chickens and geese / L.A. Naletova // Bulletin of the Buryat State University. - No. 4. - 2009 .-- S. 190-192.

10. Electronic resource. - Access mode: CoonPlace.ru./articles/enzymes.

i. Bergner, X. Scientific basis for the nutrition of farm animals / X. Bergner, X. Ketz // Moscow, Kolos. - 1973. - S. 208-215.

ii. Stelle, A.L. The nutritional value and energy value of eggs of various masses / A.L. Stelle // Poultry. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 39-41.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productive qualities of laying hens and the quality of products (eggs), characterized in that a feed additive made from the cuticle of the muscular stomach of broiler chickens is additionally introduced into the main diet of hens in an amount of 1.5% by weight of the diet.