RU2698135C1 - Domestic refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: refrigerating equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to household refrigerators (without a freezer) intended for storage of products and operated year-round in unheated rooms. Invention objective is to create a simple, easy-to-use, inexpensive refrigerator with low annual power consumption. Substance of the device consists in the fact that the refrigerator is equipped with an electric heater, and the temperature regulator in it is made consisting of two 3-contact sections, one of which is arranged inside the refrigerator and the other one – outside. Second section performs seasonal switching of cooler and heater operation mode, and the first section maintains working temperature in refrigerator all year round. To increase service life, the second section of the temperature regulator is placed in a heat-insulated container, the heat inertia of which is selected commensurate with the thermal inertia of the housing.

EFFECT: proposed domestic refrigerator.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to domestic refrigerators (without a freezer), intended for storage of products, and operated year-round in unheated rooms. In fact, such a refrigerator is a thermostat that maintains a temperature of (5 + 3) C in the working volume at an external temperature that varies in the range, for example + 30C. Obviously, such a thermostat must contain a cooler, heater, and thermostat in a thermally insulated case. At the same time, it should be economical, convenient in operation and provide storage of any products.

Known devices for year-round storage of agricultural products in unheated rooms, for example, on the balcony or loggia of a residential building. In the patent RU 2011331 C1, IPC A01F 25/00, 1992, an EK-1 thermal container is described comprising a cooler, a heater, a temperature regulator and a ventilation device.

However, this thermal container is very difficult to manufacture and especially to operate. So, the ventilation device contains in the housing at least 6 holes with ground stoppers, which must be inserted / removed several times during the year. The temperature regulator is an alcohol thermometer and an eye installed inside the container, and the temperature is adjusted manually by turning on / off several sections of the heater at full or partial power. During off-season, the cooler and heater are manually turned off. However, during these periods there are frosts up to - (5-10) С. In addition, this container is designed to store only vegetables and fruits (in large packages), and not ordinary food.

A known cabinet for storing food products containing a thermally insulated container, two batteries of Peltier thermoelectric modules, a power supply unit for these modules, two fans with external and internal radiators, and an automatic control unit (see the description of Utility Model RU 4368 (U1), IPC F25D, 1995)

However, this device has significant disadvantages. It contains a large number of electrical components and components, which reduces its reliability. In addition, the automatic control unit switches the heating / cooling modes depending on the ambient temperature without inertia, i.e. almost instantly. This leads to the fact that, for example, in the spring, when the temperature during the day can repeatedly change from plus to minus, the automatic control unit will respond to all these changes and switch the operating mode, which reduces the resource of the device. But the main disadvantage of this device is the increased power consumption. In the cooling mode, Peltier elements in comparison with the compression chillers used in household refrigerators consume significantly more electricity. So, from the graph on page 1 of the Appendix it follows that a single-stage compressor at an evaporation temperature of -20 ° C has a COP coefficient - coefficient of cooling efficiency - equal to 3, while this coefficient for a thermoelectric refrigerator (see page 2 of the Appendix) is 0.3 ÷ 0.5, and the smaller value refers to larger refrigerators. In heating mode, the difference is even greater. That is why large-volume thermoelectric refrigerators are not commercially available.

In patent RU 2317495 C2, IPC F25D 29/00, 2003, a refrigerator with a heated internal volume is described. It contains a refrigerator and a freezer with one common cooler, an electric heater and a temperature controller located inside the refrigerator. The refrigerator is designed to operate in low ambient temperatures. In this case (in the absence or with the electric heater turned off), the cooling chamber needs little cooling, and the thermostat turns on the cooler for a short time, which leads to an increase in the temperature inside the freezer. Turning on the electric heater raises the temperature in the refrigerator, while the thermostat turns on the cooler for a longer time, as a result of which the temperature in the freezer is maintained at the required level.

A significant drawback of this refrigerator is its excessive power consumption. So, at an ambient temperature of, for example, -10 ° C, the heater and cooler will turn on one after the other, and the refrigerator will continuously consume electricity. Such refrigerators are unpromising, since freestanding freezers and refrigerators are currently widely used.

It is well known household refrigerators (without freezers) operating in heated rooms (mainly in kitchens), for example, the Atlant MX-5810-62 refrigerator, Biryusa 542, Saratov 504, etc. They are reliable and easy to use.

The Atlant MX-5810-62 refrigerator was selected as a prototype. It contains a heat-insulated case with a door and shelves for storing products, a cooler of compression type, a temperature regulator and an automatic defrosting system for the evaporator, which eliminates the formation of a snow coat and reduces the energy consumption of the refrigerator.

However, this refrigerator has significant drawbacks. Since it is operated year-round at a temperature of ~ (22 ± 2) ° C, it constantly (at any time of the year) consumes electricity. In addition, it occupies a useful area in the room, which, taking into account the provision of space for a person with the refrigerator door open, is ~ 1 sq. If we take into account that the area of kitchens in old-built houses is often ~ 6 square meters, then this proportion exceeds 15%. And at present, developers offer one-room apartments with a total area of 19 sq.m. with a loggia of 3,5 sq.m. (e.g. Gosudarev House - ZhK. ru), where the proportion of each square. meter even more.

Thus, we can expect that the proposed refrigerator will be in demand among owners of the lower price sector of housing.

The objective and technical result of the invention is a domestic refrigerator with a minimum cost and the possibility of its operation in an unheated room.

The solution of this problem and the technical result are achieved by the fact that a domestic refrigerator containing a thermally insulated body with a door and shelves for storing food, a cooler of compression type, an automatic defrosting system for the evaporator and a temperature regulator is equipped with an electric heater, and the temperature regulator is made of two sections, the first the section is a standard 2-pin thermo-dependent switch located inside the refrigerator, and the additional second section contains the same as the first a second thermally dependent switch and two electromagnetic relays, while one heater terminal is connected to a contact of the first switch connected to one terminal of the second switch and one network output of the supply voltage ~ 220 V, the second network terminal of the supply voltage is connected to the common power terminals of both relays and to the common the second relay contact, the second contact of the first switch is connected to the second power terminal of the first relay and to one cooler power output, the second contact of the second switch is connected to the second terminal m of the power supply of the second relay, the normally open contact of which is connected to the second output of the cooler power supply, and the normally closed contact is connected to the normally closed contact of the first relay, in addition, the second switch is placed in a heat-insulated container installed outside the housing, and the thermal inertia of the container is selected commensurate with the thermal inertia corps.

In addition, the solution of the problem and the technical result are also achieved by the fact that a household refrigerator containing a thermally insulated body with a door and shelves for storing food, a compression type cooler, an automatic defrosting system for the evaporator and a temperature regulator is equipped with an electric heater, and the temperature regulator is made in it consisting of two 3-pin sections, one of which is traditionally located inside the case, and the second is outside, while the common contacts of both sections of the thermostat are connected Nena with network terminals supply voltage, closed at a high temperature contacts of thermostat connected to the cooler, and open - to the heater, in addition, the outer section of the thermostat is placed in an insulated container installed outside the housing, and the thermal container inertia selected commensurate with the thermal inertia of the hull.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

In FIG. 1 presents a simplified electrical diagram of a refrigerator made according to claim 1 of the claims. At the same time, such units of a serial refrigerator as a cooler evaporator, automatic defrosting system, thermal and start-up relay, lighting lamp, etc. are not shown.

In FIG. 2 also shows a simplified electrical diagram of a refrigerator made according to claim 2.

In FIG. 3 in the table shows the average monthly air temperature in Moscow, as well as the difference of these values with the temperature inside the refrigerator.

In FIG. 1 the following units of the refrigerator are indicated: 1 and 2 - standard and additional thermally dependent switches, 3 and 4 - electromagnetic relays, 5 - electric heater, 6 - motor-compressor of the cooler, 7 - insulated container.

Switch 1 is connected to switch 2 by one contact, as well as to one output of heater 5 and one network output of supply voltage ~ 220 V, the second output of supply voltage is connected to the common power terminals of relays 3 and 4 and to the general contact of relay 4. Second contact of switch 1 connected to the second power terminal of relay 3 and with one power terminal of the motor-compressor of cooler 6. The second contact of switch 2 is connected to the second power terminal of relay 4, the normally open contact of this relay is connected to the second power terminal of motor-compressor 6, and cial closed - to the normally closed contact of the relay 3, the common contact of which is connected to the second terminal 5 of the heater.

The device operates as follows. In summer, at an ambient temperature of + 8 ° C, the contacts of switch 2 are closed, voltage ~ 220 V is applied to relay 4, the relay is activated, its normally open contacts are closed and cooler 6 is connected to the power supply ~ 220 V. The refrigerator operates in normal mode - at a temperature inside the case + 8 ° C, the contacts of switch 1 close, cooler 6 turns on, the temperature drops to + 2 ° C, the contacts of switch 1 open, the cooler turns off, the temperature rises to + 8 ° C, etc.

In winter, at an ambient temperature of + 2 ° C, the contacts of switches 2 and 1 are open, relays 4 and 3 are de-energized, and heater 5, through normally closed contacts of relays 3 and 4, is connected to a supply voltage of ~ 220 V. As a result, the temperature inside the refrigerator rises to + 8 ° C and the contacts of switch 1 are closed, the supply voltage ~ 220 V is supplied to relay 3, when triggered, the power supply to heater 5 is broken, the temperature in the refrigerator drops to + 2 ° C and the cycle repeats.

In the off-season, when the average daily ambient temperature is close to the working temperature inside the refrigerator (2 ÷ 8) ° C, the latter may not turn on either heating or cooling at all and not consume electricity.

The operation of such a refrigerator, especially in winter, may be inconvenient for a housewife, as she will have to go out onto the loggia / balcony repeatedly during the day. Therefore, this suggests itself: to install in the kitchen (on the table, on the pedestal) a small refrigerator with a volume of 50 ÷ 80 liters. and load it with products as needed, for example, 1 time per week. In this case, in the off-season (if the refrigerator door does not open within a week), switching of the switch 1 inside the refrigerator can occur very rarely, for example, once every few days. But switch 2, installed outside the case and having a small thermal inertia, will respond to changes in ambient temperature and can switch the summer / winter refrigerator operation mode several times a day. Such a situation is quite likely, for example, in the spring (night frost - in the morning the sun warmed the refrigerator body - the wind blew - it began to rain - the sun again). Of course, the number of trips of switch 2 during the year is less than that of switch 1, but it should be noted that its operating conditions (temperature, humidity) are much more complicated, and the standard life is small - 5 years.

To eliminate this drawback, the switch 2 is placed in a thermally insulated container 7, the thermal inertia of which is selected commensurate with the thermal inertia of the refrigerator body, so that the switch 2 is turned on quite rarely during the off-season. This increases the life of the refrigerator, and, in addition, allows you to use a simpler and cheaper switch in it.

The implementation of the proposed device does not present technical difficulties. As an electric heater, for example, a flat flexible silicone heater or a flexible heating element (for example, see polymernagrev.ru, for example) can be used, switch 2 is identical to the standard switch 1, relays 3 and 4 are selected simply by the value of the switched power, and thermally insulated the container 7 can be made in the form of a box covered with several layers of polypropylene.

In FIG. 2 the following units of the refrigerator are indicated: 5 - electric heater, 6 - cooler motor-compressor, 7 - thermally insulated container, 8 - 3-pin thermoregulator section located inside the case, 9 - similar section located outside the case.

The general conclusions of sections 8 and 9 of the thermostat are connected to the network terminals of the supply voltage of ~ 220 V. Closed at ambient temperatures above 8 ° C the contacts of sections 8 and 9 of the thermostat are connected to the cooler motor compressor 6, and open to the electric heater 5. In addition, section 9 is placed in a thermally insulated container 7.

The device operates as follows. In summer, at an ambient temperature above 8 ° C, a voltage of ~ 220 V is supplied through the closed contacts of section 9 of the thermostat and the contacts of section 8 to the motor-compressor of cooler 6. The contacts of section 9 remain constantly closed, and the contacts of section 8 periodically turn the cooler on / off and maintain the temperature in the cabinet at the level of (2 ÷ 8) ° C.

In the cold season, at an ambient temperature below 2 ° C, the contacts of section 9 are switched and the voltage ~ 220 V is supplied to the electric heater 5. During normal operation of section 8, the temperature (2 ÷ 8) ° C is maintained in the cabinet.

When implementing this device, it is necessary to take into account that currently 2-pin temperature controllers are used in refrigerators. However, their refinement (or the selection of a different type of temperature regulator) does not present technical difficulties.

In the table of FIG. Figure 3 shows the average monthly temperature in Moscow, as well as its difference with the temperature inside the refrigerator. For the prototype, it is almost constant throughout the year and amounts to ~ (22-5 = 17) ° C. For the proposed refrigerator and prototype, this difference is the same in the winter months, clearly lower in other months, and almost equal to zero in 4 and 10. Therefore, we can assume that the annual energy savings of the proposed refrigerator for the middle zone of the Russian Federation will be ~ (25 ÷ 30)%.

Thus, the task is completed and the technical result is achieved.

Claims (1)

A household refrigerator containing a thermally insulated case with a door and shelves for storing products, a compression type cooler, an automatic defrosting system for the evaporator and a temperature regulator, characterized in that it is equipped with an electric heater, and the temperature regulator is made up of two 3-pin sections, one of which it is traditionally located inside the case, and the second is outside, while the common contacts of both sections of the thermostat are connected to the network terminals of the supply voltage, closed at more At a high temperature, the contacts of the thermostat are connected to the cooler, and open to the heater, in addition, the outer section of the thermostat is placed in a thermally insulated container, the thermal inertia of which is selected commensurate with the thermal inertia of the case.

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