RU2697138C1 - Unit for separation of small objects "pyroman" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, particularly, to metal forming by explosion energy, as well as to systems of separation of tubular elements of structure or wires and parachute sling. Unit is made in the form of a housing containing segments not breakable during blasting, located around the destructed obstacle, in each of which a detonating elongated charge (DEC) of a curved cumulative groove is fixed on the obstacle to the compound, which excludes incorrect installation of the charge into the seat and increases efficiency of cutting in comparison with direct charges. DEC is activated by means of one electric detonator.

EFFECT: higher reliability and safety when using it.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to the processing of metals by pressure by explosive energy for separating thin-walled metal structures of circular or oval cross-sectional shape, to separation systems for rocket and space technology for disconnecting fuel lines and other pipelines, as well as for breaking slings and wires, including the number laid in heat-shielding or metal braids.

A typical pyro-cutter design (Fig. 1) [1], which is used in aviation technology and is used for cutting parachute lines, electrical wiring, and steel wires, is a housing 1, in the chamber 2 of which, when the squib 3 is triggered, increased pressure is generated under which the piston with a cutter 4, they move to the side of the anvil 5 and cut the cable 6. Some foreign analogues, for example, the 3620 cutter of McCormick Self Associates, USA, have a safety valve, which, when uncovered, with uchaynom activated squib through arrester removes gases formed in the direction, thereby preventing actuation cutter. In addition, due to the presence of two squibs, the reliability of the operation of the device is significantly increased.

The disadvantages of such products include the impossibility of their use for dividing a bunch of a large number of stranded wires, as well as their inefficiency in the separation of various kinds of metal pipes and highways. Also, the presence of a movable element (piston) in the mechanism reduces the reliability of the entire system.

In addition to the pyro cutter, detonating elongated charges (DLS) are used to separate the barriers, which are widely used in space rocket technology as separation systems due to their small size, speed, high reliability, low energy consumption, and ease of operation.

The typical design of the DLD (Fig. 2a) is a charge of explosive (BB) 7 enclosed with a high density in a metal shell 8. Depending on the tasks, DLD are of two types: round (in cross-section circumference) and cumulative (with cumulative recess in section). There are DLDs with different variants of the geometry of the cumulative groove: with a wedge-shaped (V-shaped), semi-cylindrical (U-shaped) or crescent-shaped facing. The ends of the charges are closed with sealing caps worn on the compound. To protect against corrosion and ensure warranty periods of storage, the charge is coated with enamel.

When undermining the DLD, the cladding elements 9 of the cumulative groove, crimping, move to the center. When they collide, a cumulative jet 10 is formed (Fig. 2b, c), which has a high speed and temperature, which, as a result of its interaction with the surface of the barrier 11, cuts it (Fig. 2c, d).

The power of the remote sensing system can vary with the pipe material, the diameter of the charge and the mass of explosives, depending on the thickness and material of the obstacle being cut.

The disadvantage when using the above products is that in the process of their detonation a large number of high-energy fragments of the DLD shell are formed, which can damage or disable various equipment and mechanisms located in the immediate vicinity of the charge, as well as pose a threat to human life, his health and environment. In addition, in order to obtain the maximum effect, the cumulative charge must be installed at a certain (focal) distance from the obstacle, which, despite the presence of a metal shell in the charge, which provides it with some own rigidity, is impossible without the use of additional fasteners in its seat. The use of a remote sensing system that repeats the geometry of a seat with a radius of less than 100 mm is impossible [3], since when folding the remote sensing to small sizes, the shape of the cumulative groove occurs, shell ruptures occur, the continuity of the explosive inside the charge is violated, and when using direct remote sensing in the process of their installation, Seat in case of carelessness or insufficient qualification of employees, incorrect orientation of the cumulative grooves of the remote sensing system (away from the cut obstacle) is possible. Such a violation of the direction of the cumulative groove is also possible when exposed to various mechanical loads and vibration impacts on the product, which negatively affects the charge efficiency. In addition, for the separation of pipes of small radii, but large thickness, the use of one or two, located on both sides of the barrier, direct charges may be insufficient, since the cumulative jet, designed to cut the side walls, will be forced to separate the material with a relatively greater thickness. rather than at the top or bottom points of the walls (Fig. 3).

Closest to the proposed separation unit is an elongated cumulative charge (UKZ) with increased efficiency (Fig. 4) [2]. This UKZ, containing the explosive charge 7 in the groove of the wedge-shaped shape 12 and the metal lining of the cumulative recess 13, is equipped with an indestructible metal shell 14 of arbitrary geometric shape when undermined. The presence of a rigid case allows you to set the charge at the focal length without the use of additional equipment and prevents the expansion of detonation products into the surrounding space. However, the metal lining and the UKZ case, between which the explosive is pressed, are not a single whole - with their poor installation, it is possible to displace the shell from its nominal position, as a result of which the integrity of the entire charge structure, affecting efficiency, can be violated. Also, their manufacture is technologically possible only for UKZ of a direct form or with a large bending radius, while for the destruction of small-sized objects charges of small diameters are required, the possibility of manufacturing which is unlikely or too time-consuming for such structures.

Thus, the objective of the invention is the creation of a reliable node for the separation of small objects with increased efficiency of remote sensing and with high safety when it is triggered.

The problem is solved in that the proposed unit for the separation of small objects (Fig. 5) consists of indestructible when undermining an arbitrary shape in the form of two segments 15 fastened together by bolts, each of which has a curved parabolic recess in section 16 under the DLD 17 and serves as a protective casing, preventing the expansion of detonation products into the surrounding space and imparting rigidity to the structure. The seat is designed in such a way as to exclude the possibility of improper installation of remote sensing and misalignment of the cumulative groove during its operation. In the segment, the charge is set to compound or glue.

Also, this design is suitable for separating pipes of small radii (less than 100 mm), but of large thickness, due to the use of two segments with charges, each of which has the smallest possible radius of rounding for a particular type of remote sensing device, which increases the cutting ability of the cumulative jet in comparison with direct charges due to the approximation of the direction of the jet to the normal from the lateral points of the object.

The use of a single electric detonator (ED) to activate several remote sensing devices at once is achieved by the shape of the device’s body, which ensures the close proximity of finding charges to each other, which significantly reduces the cost of the entire assembly. There is a possibility of delaying the operation by 3-8 s when using ED with deceleration of the type ED-ZD-3, -4, -8.

Information sources

[1] Auxiliary systems of space rocket technology. M .: Mir, 1970.

[2] RF patent 2107885, RFNCVNIITF, 1998.

[3] GOST B 22920-78.

Claims (2)

1. A unit for separating small objects, containing an indestructible metal shell of arbitrary geometric shape that prevents the expansion of detonation products, an explosive charge and a metal lining of a cumulative recess, characterized in that the indestructible body is made in the form of two segments bolted together with a seat for explosive charge, the minimum rounding radius of which is 100 mm, while the explosive charge used is detonating elongated charge evacuated by an electric detonator located in the indicated seat of the segment. 2. The node according to claim 1, characterized in that a slow-motion electric detonator is used as an electric detonator.

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