RU2696546C2 - High-power cartridge bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of unitary cartridges for singly-charged, multi-charge, semi-automatic or automatic firing devices. Essence of the invention consists in the fact that the thin-wall neck of the sleeve is wrapped according to the known technology of processing of metals inside the sleeve so that the neck of the sleeve fits the cylindrical part of the bullet (projectile), and the sleeve neck opening turn edges are directed from the bullet surface to the cartridge inner surface and rest on the sleeve walls from inside - in the area of the bullet (projectile) shank, that is neck of sleeve is made in the form of double-wall cylindrical coupling, and bullet (shell) is inserted with tension into neck of sleeve and its cylindrical part, wherein in the neck opening of the sleeve on its inner surface, not occupied by the bullet tail, the explosion products under pressure inlet holes are cut, as well as for filling additional portion of explosive substance, for example, the same powder, which is in main inner volume of sleeve.

EFFECT: technical result is to increase the power of the cartridge.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of designing unitary cartridges for single-shot, multi-shot, semi-automatic or automatic firing devices and can be used, for example, in the development and manufacture of cartridges for automatic small arms or cartridges for automatic guns.

The classic design of cartridges for firing devices requires an increase in barrel length to 90-120 calibers, which is necessary for the complete combustion of gunpowder until the bullet leaves the barrel, that is, to increase the efficiency shots. At the same time, one of the most important requirements for any firing device is to reduce its weight (mass), and the weight can be reduced mainly by shortening the barrel and reducing the weight (mass) of the bolt group of firing device mechanisms (lit.1).

To reduce the ejection of dying gunpowder from a shortened barrel into the environment, after a bullet takes off, shortened liners of increased diameter are used, as in the series of popular cartridges of the WSSM type (lit.2), this solution accelerates the combustion of gunpowder, but leads to an increase in recoil force. Sometimes, to shorten the trunk, accelerated burning powder is used, but its properties significantly deteriorate over time, with standard storage in warehouses (Lit. 3; 4). If it is necessary to shorten the barrel of the firing device, while reducing the burning out of the burning powder, an expansion chamber is sometimes used at the end of the barrel, for example, as with the well-known AK-74U shortened automatic carbine (lit.5). Unfortunately, this solution leads to useless burning of gunpowder in the expansion chamber, does not increase the kinetic energy of the bullet, and part of the energy of the shot is wasted, that is, the efficiency is reduced. shots.

The closest design to the proposed solution on the principle of action, which allows to slightly increase the efficiency shot and prevent premature patronization, is the "classic" cartridge design, for example (lit.6), having one or two compression grooves on the neck of the sleeve and on the pool (for example, figure 1). A groove with a width of about 0.3-0.5 caliber (FIG. 1, item 10) is technologically performed on the assembled cartridge using rollers. Such a groove (as well as core punching) is pressed into the surface of the bullet (projectile) through the neck of the sleeve, which allows to increase the time spent by the bullet in the sleeve at the time of the shot and increase the efficiency shot (lit.1; 9). In addition, the squeezing groove in the neck of the sleeve prevents the ammunition from being pulled out at the moment of automatic reloading and hitting the bolt at the base of the sleeve, since the force of this blow is wave-like transmitted to the truncated cone of the shoulders of the sleeve resting on the chamber (lit.9). Unscrewing usually occurs in a sleeve without a bottom welt, due to compression of the sleeve shoulders behind the cylindrical part of the bullet (projectile), and can push the bullet into the barrel before firing. To keep the bullet at the moment of impact of the sleeve of the sleeve into the chamber, it is usually necessary to increase the length of the cylindrical part of the bullet inside the sleeve and thereby reduce the useful volume of the sleeve.

The known design of the cartridge with a squeezing groove (lit.6), really delays the exit of the bullet (shell) from the cartridge case at the beginning of the shot and prevents the short bullet from being pulled out, but it has an irreparable objective defect caused by the effect of the pressure force of the explosion on the inner surface of the neck of the cartridge case (Fig. 1, item 8). The fact is that the pressure force of the powder gases in such a design has a expanding effect and always widens the gap (Fig. 1, pos. 8) between the neck of the sleeve and the surface of the bullet (projectile). This force of pressure of the explosion expands the neck of the liner, at the time of the shot, before the bullet manages to move from its place and part of the powder gases is thrown into the barrel in front of the bullet. Deepening the groove of the fixing bullet (shell) in the neck of the sleeve, as well as deepening the edge of the neck of the sleeve into the additional groove (lit. 6; 9), leads to peeling of the tompac layer (copper with zinc) at the time of the shot or to the destruction of the steel shell of the bullet (shell) , and this, as is known, leads to accelerated wear of the ribs at the rifling of the trunk. When you try to slightly increase the diameter of the chamber around the neck of the sleeve, the compression groove on the neck of the sleeve ceases to effectively hold the bullet.

 Thus, the known design of the cartridge (figure 1) cannot correctly solve the problem of increasing the efficiency shots in a short-barreled firing device, and also, at the same time, cannot correctly solve the problem of preventing print-outs at the time of automatic reloading.

To increase the power of the cartridge (to increase the efficiency of the shot), while preventing unprotecting during automatic reloading of the firing device and preventing wear of the ribs of the rifling in the barrel, you can use the proposed new design of the cartridge (figure 2), which provides pressure transfer a shot from the inner surface of the neck of the liner (as in the known solution of FIG. 1, pos. 8) to the outer surface of the neck of the liner (FIG. 2, pos. 9) and allows you to move the conical shoulders of the liner (FIG. 1, pos. 5 and FIG. 2, item 11) red, along the axis of the cartridge - without changing the length of the cartridge and without a significant change in the basic geometric parameters of the cartridge. To do this, the neck of the sleeve is wrapped on the rollers inside the sleeve itself according to the known technology (lit. 7, p. 12, fig. 3-1, pos. 12-13; lit. 7, p. 13, fig. 3.2) - to the edges liners on the inner surface of the walls of the liner - in the region of the shank of the bullet (figure 2, item 6), after which, on the neck of the liner - using a roller - form a cylindrical surface facing the surface of the inserted bullet, and on the inner edge of the neck, free from the shank bullets (Fig. 2, pos. 6), additional holes are cut out in an amount of from 2 to 8 pieces (Fig. 2, pos. 7), which is necessary a pressure equalization in the double-walled sleeve muftoobraznoy neck, as well as to be placed inside double-walled neck muftoobraznoy additional portion of explosive material, e.g., of the same powder which is in the main internal volume of the liner.

The transfer of the pressure force of the explosion to the outer surface of the neck of the sleeve (Fig. 2, item 9), through additional holes in the inner part of the neck of the sleeve (Fig. 2, item 7), presses the neck of the sleeve to the pool with the entire force of the pressure of the explosion and naturally provides bullet retention due to the frictional force of two compressed surfaces, which guarantees a delay in the start of the release of gases into the barrel until the bullet begins to move and increases the efficiency shots; at the same time, the bulletproof coating of the bullet remains intact, since the neck of the sleeve and the cylindrical surface of the bullet are made with a weak surface roughness and, preserved at the moment of exit from the sleeve of the bulletproof tompack, ensures subsequent uniform sliding of the bullet in the grooves of the barrel and increases the service life of the grooves of the barrel.

The work of the neck of the sleeve, which has a cross-sectional shape of a double-walled coupling, can be arbitrarily imagined as a hollow toroid, inflated from the inside, through the internal holes in the neck of the sleeve (Fig. 2, item 7), by the explosion pressure and tightly fitting, on the one hand, to the walls of the chamber (figure 2, 11), and on the other hand to the surface of the bullet (figure 2, 9). At the same time as holding the bullet (shell) in the sleeve, at the time of the shot, the proposed design of the projectile is guaranteed to prevent unprotecting during automatic reloading, since at the moment of the bolt’s strike into the bottom of the sleeve, the impact of the cone-shaped shoulders of the sleeve (FIG. 2, 11, 12) about the emphasis in the chamber of the barrel provides ring compression of the cylindrical part of the bullet in its initial section, on the edge of the sleeve (figure 2, pos12), therefore, the need to increase the length of the cylindrical part of the bullet (projectile) at the back, in the shank area, as was the case with ne, it becomes optional and allows you to shorten the bullet.

To increase the accuracy of fire, the longitudinal axis of the bullet should enter the barrel coaxially to the longitudinal hole of the barrel (lit.8), for this, the main length of the cylindrical part of the bullet is rigidly held coaxially to the barrel of the proposed design double-walled neck of the sleeve (figure 2, pos.6.9, 11), and the design of the cartridge provides for the extension of a small length of the cylindrical part of the bullet from the neck of the sleeve, approximately 0.2 ÷ 0.5 caliber bullets for tight entry into the initial - smooth, not chopped part of the barrel (figure 2, item 12 ÷ 13); at the same time, from the impact of the bolt into the bottom of the sleeve at the time of automatic locking, the longitudinal wave of oscillation of the walls of the sleeve (lit.9, p. 245,248) will not cause lateral displacement of the cylindrical part of the bullet relative to the axis of the barrel.

To prevent the cartridge from sticking, when it passes from the holder to the chamber, it is proposed to start the sleeve of the sleeve immediately at the front edge of the sleeve (Fig. 2, item 12); this front edge of the sleeve abuts, when closing the shutter, in the front edge of the chamber, and the angle of inclination of the shoulders of the sleeve relative to the axis of the bullet (figure 2, 11), it is proposed to make approximately equal to the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the front cone of the bullet (figure 2 , item 14).

The proposed new design of the cartridge (figure 2) allows without changing the traditional materials, without changing the diameter of the sleeve, without changing the height of the sleeve, without changing the caliber of the bullet, without changing the weight of the bullet and without changing the length of the cartridge, increase the efficiency shot, compared with the known design of the cartridge (figure 1); allows you to increase the internal volume of the sleeve and the volume of gunpowder, increase the efficiency shots, as well as increase the power of the cartridge (kinetic energy of the bullet from the barrel), tentatively, by 15 ÷ 20%. If necessary, the undesirable increase in the kinetic energy of the shot can be reduced by shortening the cartridge case, which will shorten the cartridge and the bolt group of automatic weapons mechanisms and further facilitate the firing device.

The proposed new technical solution allows for a more energetic shot from a short-barreled weapon with a more complete combustion of gunpowder inside a shortened barrel, with a preserved bullet-proof coating of the bullet and with a flatter curve of the bullet’s flight, which guarantees an improvement in the accuracy of bullets hitting the target, increasing the effective firing range and increasing the duration trunk service.

In addition to the possibility of shortening the barrel, while improving the quality of shooting, the proposed shape of the neck of the sleeve provides greater structural rigidity of the node holding the bullet due to the double walls of the neck of the sleeve, tubular in cross section (Fig. 2, pos. 6, 9, 11), which is very important not It’s only to prevent "cartridge" in the chamber, and it is also important during transportation, storage and combat use of cartridges in the systems of tape high-speed automatic feeding of cartridges in machine guns and automatic guns.

The proposed design of the sleeve allows you to change the delay time of the start of the bullet in the neck of the sleeve, in the interval of combustion of the powder, by changing the surface area in the area of contact between the neck of the sleeve and the bullet (by changing the length of the neck), as well as by changing the roughness of these contacting surfaces. The length of the cylindrical contact surface of the wrapped throat of the sleeve and the outer surface of the cylindrical part of the bullet (projectile) is from 0.5 to 1.5 calibers of the bullet (projectile),

The drawing of figure 1 shows, for example, the appearance of a standard intermediate shooting cartridge for an automatic carbine, for example, AK-74. Thick lines indicate edges and projections onto the plane of visible surfaces, and thin lines indicate edges and projections to invisible surfaces. Position 1 depicts a flammable capsule; Pos.2 depicts the appearance of the bottom of a standard sleeve; Pos. 3 shows the location of the ignition transmission channel from the capsule to the powder; pos.4 indicates the inner cavity of the liner, filled, as a rule, with smokeless powder (pyroxylin); Pos. 5 indicates the conical shoulders of a standard sleeve, with which the sleeve abuts against the chamber; pos.8 indicates the line of conjugation of the outer surface of the bullet and the inner surface of the neck of the sleeve; Pos. 10 indicates a groove pressed into the neck of the sleeve securing the bullet; pos.12 indicates the right edge of the sleeve, the distance from which - to the outer surface of the bottom of the sleeve - classified cartridge; Pos.13 indicates a conditional line of mating of the cylindrical surface of the bullet with its conical part inserted from the chamber into the initial, over-caliber section of the barrel; Pos.14 indicates the body of the bullet (projectile) inserted into the cartridge case.

The drawing of figure 2 shows the proposed new cartridge of increased power, in sizes corresponding to the standard intermediate rifle cartridge for an automatic carbine (figure 1). Vertical dashed lines between figure 1 and figure 2 shows the equality of the sizes of the parts of the standard and new cartridges. The diameters of the sleeves and bullets shown in figure 1 and figure 2, are also the same. Positions 1-5 in figure 2 correspond to positions 1-5 in figure 1.

Pos.6 indicates the inversion of the neck of the sleeve resting its edge on the inner surface of the sleeve; Pos. 7 indicates the location of the holes in the sleeve of the sleeve through which gunpowder and powder gases penetrate into the internal cavity of the sleeve of the sleeve, providing maximum pressure on the outer surface of the sleeve of the sleeve (item 9), as a result of which the sleeve of the sleeve compresses the bullet and delays the bullet from entering the barrel until complete ignition of almost the entire volume of gunpowder. Position 11 indicates a forward conical surface of the sleeve of the sleeve, which, vibrating from the impact of the bolt into the bottom of the sleeve, better holds the bullet (projectile), due to the movement of the surfaces of poses 9 and 11 in opposite directions at the moment of impact of the bolt into the bottom of the sleeve and the moment of the shot.

To implement the invention, it is necessary to extend the blank of the sleeve by the value of the internal inversion of the neck of the sleeve (figure 2, pos.6 and pos.9). After rolling the inner inversion of the sleeve up to the support of its edges on the inner surface of the sleeve (figure 2, item 6) - in the area of the shank of the bullet, according to known technology, on the rolls and using a rolling roller (lit.7, p. 12, fig. .3-1, pos. 12-13; lit. 7, p. 13, fig. 3.2), it is necessary to make holes in the inside of the inversion of the neck not occupied by the shank of the bullet (Fig. 2, pos. 6,7). These holes, in the amount of, for example, 2 ÷ 8 pieces, can be made with the appropriate disk cutter or grinding wheel from the inside of the fully finished inversion of the neck of the sleeve. It is not recommended to make holes in the sleeve blank before inversion of the neck of the sleeve on the rolls, since the heterogeneity of the thin-walled neck in the form of holes can significantly impair the quality of the inversion of the neck inside the sleeve. Gunpowder is poured into the sleeve with the finished neck, after grooving the holes, during its rotation, and then, during the rotation of the sleeve and bullet at the same speed, it is pressed with an interference fit of the bullet (shell), after which the joint of the bullet and sleeve along the line of FIG. .2, item 12, is sealed with varnish.

INFORMATION SOURCES:

1. A.A. Blagonravov. Grounds for designing automatic weapons. 489 with ill. OBORONGIZ, Moscow, 1940

2. Encyclopedia of weapons. http://www.worldweapon.info/patron-223-wssm.

3. B.S. Svetlov. Gunpowder and explosives, 3rd ed., M., 1972.

4. D.I. Dementieva, I.S. Kononov, R.G. Mamashev, V.A. Kharitonov. Introduction to energy-rich materials technology. Tutorial. 2nd Edition. ASTU them. I.I.Polzunova, Biysk, 2009

5. Igor Alexandrov. AKS74U: 20 years in service // Magazine “Master-gun”, No. 73, 2003. pp. 26-29.

6. RF patent No. 2206052. Cartridge of small arms. Barnaul Machine Tool Plant OJSC. Declared June 18, 2001, published June 10, 2003

7. Kilov A.S., Popov A.V., Kilov K.A. Plastic deformation in the local focus: Guidelines for laboratory work (part 1). - Orenburg .: GOU, OSU, 2004 .-- 46 p.

8. Harold R. Vaughn. Rifle accuracy factors. Manchester, Connecticut, USA, 1989.

9. Danilin G.A., Ogorodnikov V.P., Zavolokin A.B. Basics of designing small arms cartridges: a Textbook. Balt.gos.tehn. Univ.SPb., 2005.374 s.

Claims (2)

1. Shooting cartridge of increased power, containing a quasi-cylindrical sleeve with a slight taper of the outer surface and a groove for gripping the cartridge with an ejector of a firing device, filled with explosive (for example, smokeless powder), a capsule of flash ignition of an explosive, and also a bullet (projectile) inserted into , which compresses a bullet (projectile) with its neck, forming a single cartridge design suitable for firing from a firing device (for example, a machine gun or an automatic gun), characterized in that the thin-walled neck of the sleeve is wrapped inside the sleeve itself using the well-known metal technology so that the neck of the sleeve fits the cylindrical part of the bullet (projectile), and the edges of the inversion of the neck of the sleeve are directed from the surface of the bullet to the inner surface of the sleeve and rely on the walls of the sleeve from the inside, in the area of the shank of the bullet (projectile), that is, the neck of the sleeve is made in the form of a double-walled cylindrical sleeve, and the bullet (shell) is inserted with an interference fit into the neck of the sleeve by the shank and its cylindrical part w, wherein in inversion of the neck of the sleeve on the inner surface thereof, not occupied by the bullet shank, cut holes for the entrance of the explosion products as well as for filling an additional portion of the explosive, for example of the same powder which is mainly the internal volume of the liner. 2. Shooting cartridge of increased power according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical part of the bullet is pulled out from the neck of the sleeve by about 0.2-0.5 caliber bullets for tight entry into the initial smooth uncut part of the barrel, the shoulders of the sleeve begin immediately at the exit edge sleeves for emphasis when closing the shutter to the front edge of the barrel chamber; the angle of inclination of the sleeve shoulders relative to the axis of the bullet is approximately equal to the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the surface of the front cone of the bullet (projectile), and the ratio of the maximum diameter of the sleeve to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the bullet (projectile) is from 1.5 to 3; the length of the cylindrical contact surface of the sleeve that is wrapped inside the neck and the outer surface of the cylindrical part of the bullet (projectile) is between 0.5 and 1.5 calibers of the bullet (projectile), and the number of holes on the inside of the sleeve neck between the bullet shaft and the inner surface of the sleeve is selected in limits from 2 to 8 pieces.

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