RU2696542C1 - Unit for single replacement of sleepers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway track servicing and can be used for single replacement of sleepers. Unit for single replacement of sleeper comprises frame, catch-lock for sleeper, mechanism for ballast cutting and boom. Frame rests and is fixed on rails through straps. Telescopic boom is fixed on frame and equipped with collar. Boom can be lifted upwards and directed aside. Ballast cutting mechanism is composed of grippers. Grips can also pierce the ballast and move the sleeper. Pneumatic spike-drawerare installed on the grippers. Removed iron spikes are held in position, coaxial with lining holes. On the frame there are fastened hydraulic crushers for iron spikes. Hydraulic system of sleeper replacement unit is connected to track machine hydraulic system.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of repair works.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and repair of a railway track and can be used for a single replacement of sleepers.

Recently, on the domestic market of the Russian Federation, hinged blocks for changing sleepers and working bodies for changing sleepers, different in design, have been used as part of track machines (complexes), for example, the PRM-RM lifting and leveling machine, the UPM-750 universal track machine, universal track complex KPU-1, designed to replace wooden and reinforced concrete sleepers of a railway track when working with a rail-sleeper grid and any type of ballast. From the point of view of their use, they have the following disadvantages: the lack of mechanization devices for manual work on pulling out crutches, cleaning (fixing) of the linings; the need to raise the railway line; seizure (device) of the ballast, in some cases, it is necessary to push the sleepers apart to a considerable distance to clear the ballast box, to distill the sleepers or straighten the skewed sleepers, and there is a seat for the worker on the frame.

A device is known for replacing sleepers, comprising a frame supported by running trolleys, an arrow mounted on the frame using a turntable, and a mechanism for replacing sleepers mounted on an arrow. On the frame, with the possibility of height adjustment, the drive has a gripper for sleepers located in the zone of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device. The device also contains a mechanism for cutting ballast, consisting of two carriages mounted on horizontal rails mounted on the frame on both sides of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device perpendicular to it with the possibility of movement on roller bearings drives. Each of the carriages contains endless drive chains mounted in arcuate guides mounted on the carriages using levers with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane by hydraulic cylinders. Endless drive chains are equipped with cog teeth and contain a drive sprocket with a drive and a driven sprocket. The grip for the sleepers holds the sleepers, and the ballast cutter cuts the ballast from under the sleepers. When the boom with the sleepers replacement mechanism is rotated, the replacement sleepers are searched for and grabbed, and then pulled out (invention of the Russian Federation No. 2060312 “Device for replacing sleepers” with a priority of 06.22.1992).

The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity of repair work, the complexity of the design and technology for replacing sleepers.

A device is known for replacing sleepers, comprising a telescopic beam mounted on a machine frame, on the fixed section of which supports are mounted for persistent interaction with the rail heads of the railway being repaired. On the telescopic section of the telescopic beam retractable, the sleepers are mounted. On the opposite end of the telescopic beam from the grips there is a pusher pusher with the possibility of rotation in the vertical plane and movement along the telescopic beam with hydraulic cylinders. The device also contains a control system for hydraulic cylinders, including a check valve and two four-line three-position directional control valves, with which the jaws and pusher can be moved together or separately (invention of the Russian Federation No. 201077 “Device for replacing sleepers” with priority from 08/27/1992) .

The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity of repair work, the complexity of the design and technology for replacing sleepers.

As a prototype, a device has been adopted for replacing sleepers, comprising a frame supported by running trolleys, an arrow mounted on the frame using a turntable, and a mechanism for replacing sleepers mounted on the arrow. On the frame, with the possibility of height adjustment, the drive has a gripper for sleepers located in the zone of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device. The device also contains a mechanism for cutting ballast, consisting of two carriages mounted on horizontal rails mounted on the frame on both sides of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device perpendicular to it with the possibility of movement on roller bearings drives. Each of the carriages contains endless drive chains mounted in arcuate guides mounted on the carriages using levers with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane by hydraulic cylinders. Endless drive chains are equipped with cog teeth and contain a drive sprocket with a drive and a driven sprocket. The grip for the sleepers holds the sleepers, and the ballast cutter cuts the ballast from under the sleepers. When the boom with the sleepers replacement mechanism is rotated, the replacement sleepers are searched for and grabbed, and then pulled out (invention of the Russian Federation No. 2060312 “Device for replacing sleepers” with a priority of 06.22.1992).

The basis of the invention is the task of increasing the productivity of repair work by automating the process of replacing sleepers: crutch broaching, replacing sleepers, driving crutches and knocking out (sealing) ballast, as well as simplifying the technology for replacing sleepers, eliminating manual work and improving the design in connection with the transition from machine to separate hinged unit.

The problem is solved in that in the unit for the replacement of sleepers, including a frame, an arrow mounted on the frame, a grip for the sleepers, a mechanism for cutting ballast, mounted on the frame on both sides of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the frame perpendicular to it with the possibility of movement, the frame is supported and fixed on rails with the help of pads or rollers with a double flange, the boom is telescopic telescopic, protected by a casing and equipped with a collar, the boom is raised to a height using a telescopic hydraulic cylinder for boom for turning, a telescopic boom is mounted on a gear wheel, the gear rack of which is rigidly mounted on the cylinder body moving along the rod, the rod ends are rigidly mounted on the frame, the ballast cutting mechanism is made in the form of grips designed for cutting, shifting, knocking the ballast along the sleepers clamping the sleepers, the work of the tongs is provided by the hydraulic cylinders for the tongs; to the tongs, without interfering with them, the crutches are made in the form of a corner and paws with slots for pulling out crutches, with Ba slots are fixed on the corner leg spring clips for plucked crutches and retain them in an oriented position, coaxially with the holes lining rail pads under the rail are urged by hydraulic cylinders to urge the pads, mounted on the frame for driving Hydrohammer crutches holes pads under the rail.

Hydraulic cylinders are connected to a hydraulic system powered by a track machine or complex.

Since the frame is supported and fixed on rails using rails or rollers with a double flange, the boom is telescopic telescopic, protected by a casing and equipped with a collar, the boom is raised to a height using a telescopic hydraulic cylinder to raise the boom, for rotation the telescopic boom is mounted on a gear wheel the gear rack of which is rigidly fixed on the housing of the hydraulic cylinder moving along the rod, the ends of the rod are rigidly fixed on the frame, the mechanism for cutting ballast is made in the form tongs designed for cutting, shifting, knocking ballast along the sleepers, clamping the sleepers, grippers are provided with hydraulic cylinders for tongs, bone grips are made to the tongs without interfering with them, made in the form of a corner and paws with slots for pulling out crutches, coaxially mounted on the slots paw of an angle spring clamps for pulled out crutches and to keep them in an oriented position, coaxially with the holes of the lining under the rail, the lining under the rail is pressed by hydraulic cylinders to clamp the lining, a guide is fixed to the frame double hammers for driving crutches into the holes of the linings under the rail, hydraulic cylinders are connected to the hydraulic system, powered from the track machine or the complex, double-flanged rollers can be used instead of special pads to support and fix the frame on the rails - this ensures automation of the process of replacing sleepers, increasing productivity repair work, the technology of replacing sleepers is simplified and the design is improved.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general (axonometric) view of a unit for single replacement of sleepers installed on a track machine or complex; in FIG. 2 shows a block of a single replacement sleepers, top view; in FIG. 3 shows a cross section AA in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 depicts a costosteron (axonometric view) corresponding to the unit for the replacement of sleepers.

The unit for the replacement of sleepers consists of a frame 1, an arrow 2 mounted on the frame 1, a gripper for the sleepers 3, a mechanism for cutting the ballast 4, mounted on the frame 1 on both sides of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the frame 1 perpendicular to it with the possibility of movement. The frame 1 is supported and fixed on the rails 5 with the help of the plates 6. The boom 2 is telescopic telescopic, protected by a casing 7 and equipped with a collar 8. The boom 2 is lifted to a height using the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 9 to raise the boom 2. For rotation, the telescopic boom 2 is mounted on a gear wheel 10, a gear rack 11 which is rigidly fixed to the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 9, moving along the rod (not indicated in the drawing), the ends of the rod (not indicated in the drawing) are rigidly mounted on the frame 1. The mechanism for cutting ballast 4 made in the form of tongs 12, intended for cutting, shifting and knocking down ballast (not shown in the drawing) along the sleepers 13, clamping the sleepers 13. The grippers 12 are provided with hydraulic cylinders 14 for grippers 12. Bone trailers 15 are attached to the grippers 12 without interfering with them. made in the form of a corner 16 and paws with slots 17 for pulling out crutches 18, coaxially cuts are fixed on the paw 17 of corner 16 spring clips 19 for pulled out crutches 18 and holding them in an oriented position, coaxially with the holes of the lining 20 under the rail 5. Lining 20 under rail 2 under they are pulled by hydraulic cylinders 21 for pressing the linings 20. Hydraulic hammers 22 are fixed on the frame 1 for hammering crutches 18 into the holes of the linings 20 under the rail 2. The hydraulic cylinders 9, 14, 21 are connected to a hydraulic system (not indicated in the drawing), powered from a track machine or complex 23 To support and fix the frame 1 on the rails 5, instead of the linings 6, rollers with a double flange (not indicated in the drawing) can be used.

The single sleepers replacement unit operates as follows.

Having identified the sleepers 13, intended for replacement, the track machine or complex 23 drives up and has a single unit for replacing sleepers above it. The frame 1 is supported and fixed on the rails 5 using special pads 6 or through rollers with a double flange (not indicated in the drawing). The sleepers 13 are dug on both sides using the mechanism for cutting the ballast 4, made in the form of grips 12. Next, two hydraulic cylinders 21 work cyclically, displacing the ballast (not indicated in the drawing) near the replaced sleepers 13, in order to release the “exit” in the ballast prism (not indicated in the drawing), while the immersion depth of the tongs to the stop of the paws 16 of the coster 15 in the upper part of the sleepers 13. The block is fixed on the linings 20 under the rail 5 by hydraulic cylinders 21 by the clamping method. The linings 20 under the rail 5 are pre-loosened. By lifting the block with a track machine or complex 23, crutches 18 are pulled out that do not fall and are held by flat spring clips 19 on the axis of the crutch holes of the linings 20 without losing the orientation of the pulled out crutches 18. The linings 20 are finally fixed to the rail. The tongs 12 are compressed along the sides of the sleepers 13 and stepwise sequentially push it out of the railway track (not indicated in the drawing) by a distance equal to half the length of the sleepers 13 by stepwise moving the tongs 12. The tongs 12 are unclenched. A telescopic telescopic boom 2 with a collar 8 is brought in and a clamp 3 is compressed in the middle of the sleeper 13. Next, the replaceable sleeper 13 is completely removed from the ballast (not indicated in the drawing). After removing the sleepers 13 in the ballast, a tunnel is obtained (not indicated in the drawing) for a new sleepers (not indicated in the drawing) with a flat, already sealed bottom. The tongs 12 of the mechanism for cutting ballast 4 cut the ballast (not shown in the drawing) below the bottom plane, while the ballast crumbling from the sides does not go to the sealed bottom. A telescopic boom 2, raised to a predetermined height by a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 9 and a long-stroke hydraulic cylinder (not indicated in the drawing) inside the casing (not indicated in the drawing) extends the knee (not shown in the drawing) of the arrow 2, by a rotary mechanism in the form of a gear wheel 10 and a gear rack 11 mounted on the frame 1, turn the boom 2. There is a transfer of the removed sleepers 13 to a given location (a special platform, gondola or platform). The unit for a single replacement of sleepers does not lose orientation on the sleeper 13. Four telescopic racks (not shown in the drawing) of the frame 1 at the corners unload the hydraulic cylinder 9 from lateral moments. Lowering occurs under the influence of gravity. If necessary, the boom 2 has the ability to rotate 90 ° relative to the longitudinal axis. A new sleeper (not shown) is installed in place of the replaced sleepers 13 in the reverse order. After installing the sleepers 13, crutches 18, which are held in the spring clamps 19, are hammered with hydraulic hammers 22 through the square holes of the pad 20 fixed to the rail 5. The pad 20 for the rail 5 is secured by the hydraulic cylinders 21. Next, the sleeper box is filled (not shown in the drawing) and knocked out sleepers 13 due to the displacement of the ballast in the sleeper box due to the implementation of the grips 12 of the mechanism for cutting ballast 4 into the ballast. Filling a sleeper box with ballast can be done manually or using a hopper-dispenser (not shown in the drawing).

The unit for the single replacement of sleepers fits into the approximation size of the railway rolling stock structure, has the ability to quickly disconnect from the track machine unit or complex 23.

In addition, it is possible to install on the frame 2 a retractable beam for lifting rails and tacks placed on each side of the rail to seal the ballast.

In the proposed unit for the single replacement of sleepers, the effect of increasing the productivity of repair work is achieved by automating the process of crushing crutches (rail or casing), replacing the sleepers, driving crutches and knocking (ballast seals), which almost completely eliminates manual work on replacing sleepers, simplifies the technology of replacing sleepers , the design is being improved.

Improvement of the design consists in the transition from the machine for the sequential execution of each operation to replace the sleepers to a separate mounted unit, where these operations are performed automatically from lock to lock (the completion of the next operation automatically includes the execution of the subsequent operation), which affects its overall dimensions, portability and universality. The whole process of controlling a track machine or complex, which will include this unit, is simplified as a whole.

In the unit for the single replacement of sleepers, multifunctional working bodies are used, i.e. used in various quality in different operations.

Claims (1)

Single sleepers replacement unit, including a frame, an arrow mounted on the frame, a gripper for the sleepers, a ballast cutter mounted on the frame on both sides of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the frame perpendicular to it with the possibility of movement, characterized in that the frame is supported and fixed on rails using pads or rollers with a double flange, the boom is telescopic telescopic, protected by a casing and equipped with a collar, the boom is raised to a height using a telescopic hydraulic cylinder to raise the boom, for The telescopic boom is mounted on a gear wheel, the gear rack of which is rigidly fixed to the cylinder body moving along the rod, the rod ends are rigidly mounted on the frame, the ballast cutting mechanism is made in the form of grips designed for cutting, shifting, knocking ballast along the sleepers, clamping the sleepers , the work of the tongs is provided by the hydraulic cylinders for the tongs; to the tongs, without interfering with them, the crutches are made in the form of a corner and paws with slots for pulling out crutches, coaxially with the slots the spring clamps for pulled out crutches and hold them in an oriented position are aligned on the corner paw, aligned with the holes of the lining for the rail, the linings for the rail are pressed with hydraulic cylinders for pressing the lining, hydraulic hammers are mounted on the frame for hammering crutches into the holes of the lining for the rail, the hydraulic cylinders are connected to powered by a track machine or complex.

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