RU2691487C1 - Combat weapon set with bayonet knife - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for small arms – a set of combat small arms with a bayonet knife. Set contains automatic small arms, under-barrel grenade launcher and bayonet knife. Grenade launcher is rigidly fixed under barrel and intended for throwing grenades with own powder propellant charge. Knife-knife handle is made in the form of a cylindrical body with diameter equal to the diameter of the grenade launcher barrel and comprises in the top powder charge and cap. If necessary bayonet knife can be shot from under-barrel grenade launcher.

EFFECT: expansion of tactical and technical characteristics of automatic small arms.

5 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to small arms, specifically to the combat sets of small fire and cold bladed weapons, with the possibility of throwing the latter.

Military weapon systems are widely known as in the “small arms plus bayonet-knife” [1. Prototype with folded butt. URL: https://lektsii.org/14-62597.html (Revised: 12/10/2018); 2. MMG AK-74 + GP-25 + bayonet. URL: http://guns.allzip.org/topic/115/394686.html. (Date of display: 11/12/2008; date of circulation: 12/10/2018) 3. RU 2420702, F41C 27/16, 12/20/2010; 4. RU 2409799, F41C 27/16, 01.20.2011; 5. RU 2408831, F41C 27/16, F41A 9/43, 10.01.2011], and as part of “small arms plus grenade launcher” [6. RU 2224203, F41C 27/06, F41A 17/26, F41G 17/00, 02/20/2004; 7. RU 2235267, F41C 27/06, 27.08.2004; 8. RU 2237845, F41C 27/06, 10.10.2004; 9. RU 2291369, F41C 27/06, 10.01.2007].

However, such kits at the current stage of development of this segment of weapons are limited and morally obsolete: the requirement for a complete grenade launcher is being implemented.

Known and "three-component" kits, which include small arms, bayonet and grenade launcher [10. AN-94 "Abakan" (automatic): characteristics, history of creation and photo / Rogozin Sergey. URL: https://www.syl.ru/article/177618/new_an-abakan-avtomat-harakteristiki-istoriya-sozdaniya-i-foto (display date: 04/05/2015; appeal date: 10/12/2018)].

Their common drawbacks include the impossibility of not hand-throwing a bayonet and insufficient versatility and interchangeability (for more details, see the criticism of the prototype below).

Each of the three components of the complex is represented by a variety of known varieties, systems, brands, concepts, etc. This also applies to designs of bayonet knives containing a blade and a handle with a top and guard [11. RU 55954 U1, F41C 27/00, 08.27.2006; 12. RU 2253818, F41B 13/00, 10.06.2005]. At the same time, however, the design and dimensions of the tops and guards are in no way tied to the size of the caliber d of either small arms or a grenade launcher.

Ammunition to the small arms (cartridges) and to the grenade launcher (grenades, shots) are automatically included in the weapon kit, of course. In particular, grenades with a caliber of d (for example, d = 40 mm) are known, containing a metal cylindrical case with a diameter d with an oskolobrazuyushchy structure (relief), a bottom, a fuse in its case and a tail propellant propellant charge [13. RU 2342625, F42B 12/24, 12/27/2008; 14. RU 2347176, F42B 12/24, 02/20/2009; 15. RU 2525352, F42B 5/02, 21.06.2013], for example, a VOG-25 shot for the GP-34 grenade launcher [16. Guide to 40 mm grenade launcher GP-25. - M .: Military Publishing USSR, 1983].

Grenades, however, do not contain any fragments interchangeable with fragments of the other components of the complex.

A close analogue of the proposed complex is a machine gun with a grenade launcher designed by Sitov AGS, containing a firearm (“barrel, receiver, ...”), a grenade launcher (“barrel, firing mechanism, ...”) and a bayonet (with its adjacency to the barrel of small arms in the barrel position with the grenade launcher disconnected) [17. RU 99111871, F41C 23/00, F41A 21/32, 27.02.2001].

However, the performance characteristics of the kit are not high enough. In particular (and this is most important), it is possible to throw a bayonet into the target only with your hand. In the indicated source of information there are no illustrations that would allow more to get a more complete picture of the design of components and parts of the complex.

The closest in purpose and essential features analogue (prototype) of the proposed device is a combat weapon set with a missile bayonet, which consists of small arms (machine gun) with a bayonet, having a blade and a handle with a top, guard and hard mounting device to small arms in a pristvolnom position (in the mode of a bayonet), and a subbarrel grenade launcher with the possibility of rigid attachment to small arms in the subbarrel position and throwing, by means of its own trigger and launch mechanism and the propellant charge powder, garnet in the presence of them, in particular, the housing bottom, said powder propellant charge, the fuse housing and radome [18. 5.45-mm machine gun АN94 // All Kalashnikov assault rifles and their tactical and technical characteristics. URL: http://www.metaljournal.com.ua/all-kalashnikov-and-charachteristics/ (Layout date: 09/12/2013; appeal date: 13/10/2018)].

In particular, it is stated that "It was supposed ... to ensure the possibility of attaching to it all the standard components: a grenade launcher, various optical devices, a bayonet-knife", and in the section of V. Shilin "Automatic АN94" noted: "This is also mounted with an adapter and regular 40-mm grenade launcher GP-25. It is noteworthy that the bayonet is mounted not in the lower, as in AK, position, but on the right side. This is done for reasons of ensuring simultaneous attachment of both the grenade launcher and the bayonet. In other constructions, before installing a grenade launcher, it is necessary to make sure that the bayonet is removed. For this, in combat, seconds that are dear to a fighter’s life can be spent. In addition, the horizontal position provides greater, compared with the vertical, penetrating power in the intercostal space. In this position, with a bayonet, not only stabbing, but also side cutting blows can be done. ” Of the illustrations, the most informative photo is “Gennady Nikonov with AN94”.

In the prototype, the pommel and the guard of the bayonet handle are nonaxisymmetric and in their device (structure) no components or parts of other devices (constructs) of the kit are used, while the device is rigidly attached to small arms in the rifle bar (more precisely, to the right of the barrel, as follows from the above quotes and photos) the position (use in the bayonet mode) is in no way connected with the grenade launcher, and throwing the knife bayonet (using in the "flying" knife mode) is possible only through the hand of a trained fighter (user kit).

However, with all its positive qualities, the prototype device has some separate, and moreover, removable, drawbacks.

So, firstly (and this is most important in the criticism of the prototype), the possibility of throwing a bayonet knife in no other way than by hand is provided for (and when throwing manually, especially at a relatively long distance, the probability of the need for orientation of the blade when reaching the goal almost exclusively from the skills, abilities and physical and mental state of the fighter (user)), which virtually eliminates the successful mass training of personnel and increases the cost of special training of fighters, increases the percentage of potential losses in battle. Secondly, the attachment of a bayonet-knife is possible only in its specified position relative to small arms and other options are not provided. Thirdly, the general technical principle of multifunctionality is poorly implemented, because (in addition to the already noted narrow functionality), the grenade launcher is single-function (except for two options for its use - either in a rifle suspension, or independently of small arms). Fourthly, another general technical principle is poorly implemented in the kit - interchangeability of components and parts, in particular, in the case of a grenade misfire when trying to throw it from a grenade launcher, there is no spare powder propellant charge. All of this is separate and, all the more so in aggregate, it is not sufficiently high tactical and technical characteristics (TTX) of the prototype.

The problem (task), the solution of which the claimed invention is directed, is to create a combat weapon set device with extended performance characteristics, due to the multifunctionality of its main components, primarily with the possibility of non-manual highly effective throwing of the bayonet.

The solution of the indicated problem (task) is achieved by the fact that in a combat weapon set with a missile bayonet-knife, which (i.e. set) includes small arms with a bayonet-knife, having a blade and a handle with a top, guard, and a device of rigid attachment to small arms in a pristvolnom position, and a grenade launcher with the possibility of rigid attachment to small arms in a subbarrel position and throwing, by means of its own firing mechanism and a powder propelling charge, a grenade in the presence of according to the invention, the handle of the bayonet-knife is made with at least one cylindrical section, the diameter of which corresponds to the caliber of a grenade and a grenade launcher, with the possibility of manually installing the bayonet-knife into the channel grenade launcher barrel in order of temporary grenade replacement, in the mode of grenade bayonet, its fixation and manual removal from the barrel bore, and a powder propellant charge is provided at the rear end of the top of the handle d with primer-igniter, with the possibility of throwing a bayonet through the trigger mechanism of the grenade launcher and the specified powder propellant charge.

The problem (task) is also solved by additional sets of essential features of the claimed device (while retaining the main set of features constituting the content of the previous paragraph):

- as the top of the handle of the bayonet, with the inclusion of the above caliber cylindrical section, an empty case, the bottom and a powder propellant charge of grenades can be used in the specified sequence (This is not only economically and organizationally rational due to the possibility of beneficial use of fragments of other quality rejected , for example, a grenade detonator, but also reduces the cost of production for industrial production);

- at the first additional set of features, the handle can be connected with the empty grenade body, composed of a pommel, by means of the empty mentioned fuse body screwed into the grenade body similarly to their interrelation in the grenade design (This more fully reduces the cost of manufacturing bayonet knives);

- with the first additional set of features, the garda of the bayonet handle can be made in the shape and outer diameter of a grenade similar to the body in a shortened form (This also deepens the advantage noted above, continuing to optimize the design of the complex);

- at any of the above sets of features, a protective cap can be installed on the top of the handle of the bayonet, at least with the coverage of the primer-primer (This is an additional and simplest, very cheap step of operational safety of the bayonet and the complex as a whole , moreover, as in the example with the quick-release cap, and in the example, with the cap punched by the drummer-nakalyvatel regular means - the trigger mechanism of a grenade launcher).

Among the known devices are not detected such, the set of essential features which would coincide with the stated. At the same time, it is precisely due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved in accordance with the task set (the presence of a causal link between the distinctive features of the device and the tactical and technical result of its use for its intended purpose). There are two criteria for the concept of "invention": the world level of novelty and inventive step. The presence of the last third criterion (industrial applicability) follows from the obvious lack of any production and technological barriers for specialists to manufacture both the prototype and the final product (all parts and assemblies in their manufacturing methods correspond to the fifth to sixth technological lines).

In the drawings (Fig. 1-7) two of the possible examples of the constructive implementation of the proposed combat weapon set with a throwing bayonet are shown.

in fig. Figure 1 shows a 3D model of an assembled weapon complex, an example with a single-support bayonet, a general side view (right) —the front;

in fig. 2 - a 3D-model of the assembled weapon complex, an example with a single-bearing bayonet-knife, side view (right) with a local longitudinal slit along a grenade launcher;

in fig. 3 is a drawing of a complete weapon complex, an example with a single bearing bayonet, side view (right) in longitudinal section, where d is the caliber of a grenade launcher and its grenades; L ₁ , - the length of the cylindrical section of the top of the handle of the knife bayonet as a support in the bore of the grenade launcher;

in fig. 4 - model of a single-support bayonet, general view;

in fig. 5 - a 3D-model of a two-bearing bayonet, a general view;

in fig. 6 - a 3D-model of a double-support bayonet, longitudinal section;

in fig. 7 - 3D-model of a grenade launcher with a bayonet-knife and a device for attaching to small arms, side view (right) - from the rear-top with a local longitudinal slit along the grenade launcher;

in fig. 8 - computer model of external ballistics of a bayonet when throwing from a grenade launcher, side view (left).

A combat weapon kit with a throwing bayonet-knife contains small arms 1, in particular, a machine gun, bayonet 2 and a grenade launcher 3. A bayonet 2 has a blade 4 and a handle 5 with a top 6, guard (crosspiece) 7 and a rigid mounting device on small arms 1 in the barrel (in this particular case - barrel) position.

The grenade launcher 3 is made with the possibility of rigid attachment to small arms 1 in the subbarrel position (see Figs. 1-3, 7) and with the possibility of throwing, through its own barrel 8, firing mechanism (USM) 9 and a powder propelling charge (see hereinafter), grenades (not shown, as well as firearms cartridges 1).

The design of the grenade (shot) includes, in particular, the body 10, the bottom 11, the propellant powder charge 12, the fuse body 13 and the fairing 14. Their shape and dimensions are based on the example of the VOG-25 shot to the domestic 40 mm grenade launcher GP- 34, mentioned in the review of analogues and used in the kit-prototype. Note: Parts 10-14 mentioned here are shown as used in another component of the complex - bayonet 2, which will be discussed in more detail below.

The handle 5 of the bayonet 2 is made with at least one (“single-support” bayonet 2, hereinafter - as a particular example of the bayonet 2, see Fig. 1-4) with a cylindrical section (top 6) of length C the diameter of which (see Fig. 3) corresponds to the caliber d of a grenade and a grenade launcher 3 (according to the Russian standard, i.e. the diameter of the bore cutting fields), with the possibility of manually (free) installing the bayonet 2 into the bore of the grenade launcher 8 3 in the order of temporary replacement of a grenade, in the grenade mode (meaning small arms barrel 1) bayonet, e about the “axial” fixation (standard fixture 15 of the grenade launcher 3 - see Fig. 2), fixations from free rotation around the longitudinal axis of the barrel 8 (fixation device against twists) and again manual removal from the barrel 8. At the rear end of the top 6 The handle 5 provides a powder propelling charge 12 with primer-igniter 16, with the possibility of throwing a bayonet 2 (in addition to the previously provided manual) by means of the trigger 9 of the grenade launcher 3 and the powder propelling charge 12 of the bayonet 2.

As the top 6 of the handle 5 of the bayonet 2 can be used an empty case 10 (preferably with stitched single-rim cutting fields to avoid twisting the bayonet 2 in the rifled portion of the barrel 8 of the grenade launcher) with the inclusion of the above caliber (d) cylindrical section L ₁ , the bottom 11 and the propellant powder charge 12 grenades (grenade launcher 3 shot) in the specified sequence.

The handle 5 can be connected with an empty grenade body 10, composed of a top 6, by means of an empty said fuse body 13 screwed into the grenade body 10 similar to their relationship in the grenade design (see Figs. 2, 3).

In a particular example with a "two-bearing" bayonet 2, guard 7 of the handle 5 bayonet 2 is made in the shape and outer diameter similar to the case 10 grenades, but in a shortened (preferably with the elimination of cutting) form: the length of the "base" in channel the barrel 8 of the grenade launcher 3, the cylindrical section L2 <L ₁ (see Fig. 5-7). The choice of the distance between the sections L ₁ and L ₂ (spaced supports of the bayonet mounting device) is limited on the one hand, as usual, by the average anthropometric data for the hand, and on the other hand (the specifics of the present invention) by the length of the barrel 8 of the grenade launcher 3: The section L _{2 of} guard 7 must unambiguously at least partially enter the trunk 8 by its cut (see Fig. 7).

Speaking of the handle 5 bayonet 2, you can add that to assemble it, you can connect its parts with the shank 17 of the blade 4, for example, by means of pressed-in plugs or screw-nut connections 18, 19 (see Fig. 5, 6).

The 3D models use the 4-bayonet blade “Item 6X4” used on AK-74, AKM, etc. The assembly of such a device can be carried out with other types of bayonet knives 2.

On the top 6 of the handle of the bayonet 2, at least with the scope of the primer-igniter cap 16, a protective cap 20 is installed (see Fig. 6). It can be either quick-detachable, fixed due to friction forces, or non-quick-detachable, but easily punched by a hammer-impaler (hammer-impacted) in the USM 9 grenade launcher 3.

As for the device of rigid mounting of a bayonet 2 on small arms 1, which was mentioned earlier, in a fixed position, in a particular example the “single-bearing bayonet” is now (compared to the prototype and all other analogues) top 6, more precisely - cylindrical its caliber section L ₁ (see Fig. 1-4), and in a particular example of a "double-bearing bayonet-knife" - jointly pitting 6 with guard 7, more precisely, their cylindrical caliber sections L ₁ and L ₂ (see Fig. 5 -eight).

Consider a few more constructive nuances of the proposed technical solution with respect to the “single-support” bayonet 2.

The conspicuous in fig. 1-4 extension of the bayonet 2 is necessary for it to go beyond the cut of the barrel of the firearm 1. However, when using such a bayonet 2 on the OKG-40 “Iskra” grenade launcher [18] or on the OT- 14 "Thunderstorm" [18], elongation, from this point of view, is not required. However, due to lengthening, the possibility of abutting the bayonet 2 is not possible for the blade 4, because it is unsafe in the presence of a sharpened knife blade.

You can also think about placing the GP-34 closer to the cut of the barrel of small arms 1. Where the long handle 5 bayonet knife 2 is not required, there is recommended a “two-bearing” bayonet knife 2 (see Fig. 5-8).

The inventive device works (it is used) as follows.

Shooting from small arms 1, firing grenades from a grenade launcher 3, both in standalone mode and in the barrel position, is carried out in the “normal” manner (as in the prototype and other analogues). The bayonet 2 in the “knife” mode is used, including its manual throwing at a target that is several meters away, also in the “normal” order (by known methods).

The use of bayonet knife 2 in the “knife” mode is also “traditional”.

In the claimed invention, it is of interest to use the bayonet 2 of the new design in the new intended operating conditions.

To use the bayonet 2 in the “bayonet” mode (as in manual work with firearms 1 with a grenade launcher 3, and in manual work only with a grenade launcher 3), it is taken with a hand, the protective cap 20 is removed with a different hand an example of its implementation with a quick-release, impenetrable gnarl-gun impaler 3) and insert (vigorously but carefully), top 6 arms 5, into the barrel 8 of the grenade launcher 3 free from the grenade (shot), before automatic fixation by a regular lock 15 of the grenade launcher 3 (see Fig. 2, 3) and fixation device against rotation. With such a procedure, it is possible (unlike the prototype and other analogues) to choose the orientation of the blade (horizontally, vertically, at an angle).

It should be noted that, in principle, bayonet 2 can be placed in the grenade launcher 3, even for the purpose of wearing without temporary use for its intended purpose. Of course, if it is permissible and expedient under the terms of the security of the fighter-user and those surrounding "his".

Actually the use of a bayonet knife 2 in the “bayonet” mode is “traditional” and does not require a description.

For "powder" (ie, not manual) throwing a bayonet 2 into the target (again, as in manual work with firearms 1 with a grenade launcher 3, and in manual work only with a grenade launcher 3), carry out the guidance of the charged bayone-knife 2 weapons- "carrier" on the target and press the trigger of the carrier weapon (in this case - a grenade launcher 3). This causes the normal operation of the trigger USM 9 grenade launcher 3, culminating in the impaction of the striker-nakalyvatel (impaler of the projectile) primer-igniter 16. In the presence of a non-removable punch through the protective cap 20, the latter punches through the impaler through. This triggers the powder propellant charge 12. Powder gases under working pressure, acting on the rear end of the top 6 with the lock 15 automatically disconnected, the device (s) fixing from rotation and the obturator effect of the micro-gap fit (conditions are identical to the conditions of a regular landing of grenades), vigorously push the bayonet -knot 2 from the barrel 8 of the grenade launcher 3, like a grenade.

In a particular example, with cut off fields of cutting the empty case 10 of the top 6, some deterioration of the obturation of the powder gases is possible, however, I will introduce the rarity of using the mode of throwing a bayonet-knife 2 and the small required range of throwing it, this is not a significant drawback.

The fairing 14 not only prevents contamination of the pommel 6, but also reduces the air (gasdynamic) resistance to the movement of the bayonet 2 at the stages of both internal (to a lesser extent) and external (to a greater degree) ballistics.

The "powder" method of throwing a bayonet 2 does not exclude the possibility of further use of the grenade launcher 3 for its intended purpose - for throwing grenades.

In case of a misfire of a powder propellant charge 12 due to its malfunction, and the absence of its prompt full replacement, it is possible to use a quick-detachable (on the thread) set of parts “bottom 11 - propellant charge 12” as a spare for an axial grenade. To do this, manually unscrew the bottom 11 from the housing 10 tops 6. and from a pinhole grenade, screw it into the grenade (observing safety measures, in particular avoiding extremely large accelerations capable of removing the fuse from the inertial fuse), remove the cap 20 (if present) and re-insert, already "restored", the grenade into the bore 8.

The calculated and model simplified (preliminary) estimates of the external ballistics of the “two-support” bayonet 2 were made.

In a rough approximation, taking into account only gravity, you can use the "school" formulas:

where t is the flight time;

v ₀ - the initial speed (at the slice of the barrel grenade launcher);

α is the angle of inclination of the initial velocity vector to the horizon;

h is the maximum lifting height of the grenade;

S is the maximum range of a grenade.

It follows that with the initial velocity v ₀ = 76.5 m / s (the initial speed of the grenade in the GP-34), with the earth’s acceleration of free fall, g = 9.8 m / s ² , with the angle of the grenade at 1 °: its range of flight will be 20.8 m, the flight time will be 0.27 s (with a sufficiency of about 1-10 m).

In the SolidWorksFlowSimulation software environment, a bayonet was pushed around, resulting in a plot (Fig. 8).

Input data:

3D model of a bayonet.

Thermodynamic parameters

Static pressure: 101325.00 Ra

Temperature: 293.20 K

Speed options:

Velocity vector

Speed in X direction: 0 m / s;

Speed in Y direction: -76.500 m / s;

Speed in Z direction: 0 m / s;

Air fluid;

Gravity data

X component: 0 m / s ^ 2;

Y component: 0 m / s ^ 2;

Z component: -9.81 m / s ^ 2;

Conditions on the walls by default: adiabatic wall;

The rotation speed around the longitudinal axis is 0.

Comments to FIG. eight:

As was to be expected, a noticeable violation of laminar flow around the air flow (turbulence) is observed on the front part of the guard (crosses) 7 of the handle 5. However, on the subsequent part of the handle 5, the turbulence stops, remaining imperceptible behind top 6 with a propelling charge 12.

The use of the invention allows to obtain the following technical result:

Firstly (and this is most important), there is an additional (in addition to manual) possibility of throwing a bayonet knife in a different (“powder”) way (however, especially at a relatively large distance, the probability of the need for orientation of the blade when it reaches the goal depends little on , abilities and physical and mental state of the fighter user (it is important to know the calculated trajectory of the missile product)), which expands the possibilities of successful mass training of personnel and reduces the cost of special training of fighters, reduces the percentage of potential losses in battle. Secondly, it is possible to choose the position of the blade of the bayonet-knife by the angle of rotation in the bore of the grenade launcher (horizontal, vertical, etc.). Thirdly, the complete technical principle of multifunctionality is more fully realized in the kit, because the grenade launcher turns from a single-function device into a two-function device (short of two options for its use, either in a sub-barrel suspension, or independently of small arms). Fourthly, another general technical principle is more fully implemented - interchangeability of components and parts, in particular, in the case of a grenade misfire when trying to throw it from a grenade launcher, a spare powder propelling charge is now provided in the top of the bayonet handle and it can be replaced quickly.

Thus, the use of the invention makes it possible to significantly expand the tactical and technical capabilities (and, accordingly, improve the performance characteristics) of a combat weapon set, mainly due to the multifunctionality of its main components and an additional function — gunpowder throwing a bayonet into a living target.

Claims (5)

1. A combat weapon set with a throwing bayonet, which consists of small arms with a bayonet, having a blade and a handle with a topping, guard and a rigid attachment device to the small arms in the barrel position, and a rifle grenade launcher with the possibility of a rigid attachment to the rifle arms in the sub-barrel position and throwing, by means of its own firing mechanism and a powder propellant charge, grenades in the presence of, in particular, the body, the bottom, the mentioned powder propellant charge, body fuse and fairing, characterized in that the bayonet handle is made with at least one cylindrical section, the diameter of which corresponds to the caliber of a grenade and a grenade launcher, with the possibility of manually installing the bayonet in the bore of the grenade launcher in the order of temporary substitution of a grenade , its fixation and manual removal from the barrel bore, and at the rear end of the top of the handle there is a powder propellant charge with primer-igniter with the possibility of throwing the bayonet through shock-release th grenade launcher mechanism and said propellant charge powder. 2. The kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the empty body, the bottom and the propellant propellant charge of a grenade in the specified sequence are used as the top of the handle of the bayonet-knife with the inclusion of the above gauge cylindrical section. 3. The kit according to claim 2, characterized in that the handle is connected with the empty grenade body, composed of a top, by means of the said fuse body, screwed into the grenade body, similar to their relationship in the grenade design. 4. The kit according to claim 2, characterized in that the guard of the handle of the bayonet-knife is made in the shape and outer diameter of a grenade similar to the body in a shortened form. 5. Kit according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that on the top of the handle of the bayonet, at least with the scope of the primer cap, a protective cap is installed.

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