RU2691277C1 - Mobile antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar ranging.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of radar equipment, in particular to antennas of mobile units with receiving-transmitting modules (RTM) with relatively high heat generation, for example for antennas with active phased antenna arrays (APAA). Mobile plant antenna comprises a vehicle with an aerial lifting housing, in which a cooling system is located and an active phased antenna array is installed under the radio transparent casing, receiving-emitting elements of which are connected by microwave cables with receiving-transmitting modules installed in the antenna housing, in which heat pipes from heat-generating SHF-units are used for heat removal located in the plane of receiving-transmitting modules between the heat-releasing SHF units and heat exchanger of the cooling system. At that, in the raised working position of the antenna, the receiving-transmitting modules in the antenna housing are located so that the areas of evaporation of the heat pipes of the receiving-transmitting modules located near the heat-generating microwave units are located below the condensation zones of the heat pipes located in the heat exchanger of the cooling system.EFFECT: higher efficiency of cooling of fuel assemblies of receiving and transmitting modules of mobile plant antenna.1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of radar technology, in particular, to antennas of mobile installations with receiving-transmitting modules (MRP) with relatively high heat generation, for example, for antennas with phased antenna arrays (PAR), active phased antenna arrays (AFAR) and passive-active phased arrays antenna arrays (FAPAR). It can be used mainly for antennas with powerful PPM for mobile installations.

Known antennas of mobile installations, for example:

- “Self-propelled fire installation” according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 113825 U1 from 27.02.2012, IPC F41F 3/04, F41G 7/00 - [1], containing an antenna installed in a mobile installation in the form of an inclined phased antenna array, a radar station, digital computing system;

- “Mobile antenna installation” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2276821 C1 dated 20.05.2006, IPC H01Q 1/32 - [2], containing a vehicle with a platform, outrigger supports with jacks, base, rotary bearing device with a rotation drive , inclined (in the working position) antenna consisting of panels, folding mechanisms of the panels, mechanisms for raising and lowering the antenna and a protective casing, the antenna is made of at least three panels;

- “Antenna of a satellite communication station” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2006997 C1 dated 06/29/1992, IPC H01Q 3/08 - [3], containing a turntable, a flat microstrip AFAR located on the body of the satellite station was used as an antenna communication.

Similar to the claimed device from the analogs [1], [2] and [3] is the presence of the case of an inclined antenna (located in the working position) with an antenna array, which is covered with a radio transparent cover of the antenna case. The disadvantage of the analogs [1], [2] and [3] is that they do not disclose the constructions of the antennas presented, however, in appearance of the graphic materials of the analogs, they contain an antenna array consisting of multiple emitters (receivers) that are equipped with high-frequency connectors for their connection with receiving-transmitting modules equipped with a cooling system.

Known antenna arrays of antennas, consisting of multiple emitters (receivers), which are equipped with high-frequency connectors for their connection with the MRP, for example:

- “Antenna array” according to the patent for invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2486643 C1 dated June 27, 2013, IPC H01Q 9/34 - [4];

- “Antenna fragment of a phased antenna array with controlled polarization” according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 92745 U1 of 03/27/2010, IPC H01Q 21/26 - [5];

- “Broadband linear multi-element vibrator phased antenna array” according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 90265 U1 of December 27, 2009, IPC H01Q 1/38 - [6];

- “Antenna fragment of a phased antenna array with controlled polarization” according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 131242 U1 of August 10, 2013, IPC H01Q 21/26 - [7];

- “Active phased antenna array” according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 135457 U1 of December 10, 2013, IPC H01Q 21/00 - [8].

Analogs [4], [5], [6], [7] and [8] give a general idea of the construction of the antenna array and the design of their individual emitters (receivers), but these analogues did not disclose the connection between the emitters (receivers) of the antennas and their MRP equipped with a cooling system.

Also known devices in which the MRP is connected to the emitters (receivers) of antennas, for example:

- “Semi-active phased array antenna” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2414781 C1 from 03.20.2011, IPC H01Q 21/00 - [9];

- “Multibeam active phased antenna array” according to the patent for invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2298267 C1 dated April 27, 2007, IPC H01Q 3/26 - [10];

- “Active phased antenna array” according to the patent for invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2338307 C1 dated 10.11.2008, IPC H01Q 21/00, H01Q 3/26, H01Q 25/02 - [11];

- “Digital active phased antenna array” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2617457 C1 dated April 25, 2017, IPC H01Q 3/00 - [12].

Analogs [9], [10], [11] and [12] disclose possible embodiments of the MRP and their connection with individual radiators (receivers) of the antenna array, however, these analogs do not disclose the constructive MRF, as well as the possibility of cooling their microwave modules .

The construct of MRP, including high-frequency connectors for connecting microwave cables with separate radiators (receivers) of the antenna array, as well as the option of cooling their microwave modules of MRP, is most fully disclosed, for example, in analogs:

- “Block transceiver modules of an active phased antenna array” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2379802 C1 dated 01.20.2010, IPC H01Q 21/00, H01Q 3/26 - [13];

- “Module of active phased antenna array” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2380803 C1 dated January 27, 2010, IPC H01Q 21/00 - [14].

The disadvantage of analogs [13] and [14] as MRP is their relatively small power, which reduces the effectiveness of their use.

Designs of anti-personnel mines for increased power are known, the applicant's design is OAO Avangard, in which heat pipes are used to remove heat from their microwave modules:

- “The case of the module of the active phased antenna array” according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 97219 U1 of August 27, 2010, IPC H01Q 21/00 - [15];

- “The case of the module of the active phased antenna array” according to the patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 97220 U1 of August 27, 2010, IPC H01Q 21/00 - [16], which is a prototype of the claimed technical solution.

The case of the prototype active phased array antenna module [16] assumes its installation mainly on a vehicle in the antenna's antenna body, which also has a cooling system and an active phased antenna array, receiving-emitting elements of which are connected by microwave cables to the radio transparent casing receiver-transmitting modules installed in the antenna housing, in which heat pipes are used to remove heat from the heat-generating microwave nodes; and transmitting modules between the heat-generating microwave nodes and the heat exchanger of the cooling system. The case of the prototype active phased array antenna module [16] contains a heat sink base, a heat sink zone, mounting locations for an even number of independent transceiver channels, a power supply and control unit, all microwave transceiver channel nodes, as well as individual control nodes of each channel form the structure with mirror symmetry with respect to two mutually perpendicular planes passing through the longitudinal axis of the module, with the common control, power and protection nodes located in the middle part of the m The module has an asymmetrical design. The heat sink base and the heat sink zone consist of two halves symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal plane, which at the location of the heat-generating microwave nodes of the transmitting-receive channels contain rectangular symmetrical cutouts, and on the hermetically connected surfaces of the heat sink base from the rectangular cut-outs to the heat sink zone, heat pipes are installed with thermal contact, the condensation zones of which are located in the heat sink, and the zones are evaporated They are fixed by crimping into a thick-walled rectangular plate of heat-conducting material, which is fixed in rectangular symmetrical cutouts of the heat sink base, and on which are located the mounting points of an even number of independent transmitting-receive channels of heat-generating microwave nodes, the heat sink zone of the module housing is pressed to the cooler from the outer sides. The heat sink zone of the module case can also be located in the heat exchanger of the cooling system, for example, air, and also contain air-cooled radiators on the outside as in the analogue of [15].

The disadvantage of the prototype [16], as well as the analogue of [15], is that when it is installed on a vehicle in a lifting case of an antenna with a cooling system (in the working raised position of the antenna), the MRP is in such a spatial position when the evaporation zones of heat pipes are located above their condensation zones, which leads to a significant decrease in the efficiency of the heat pipes themselves, and, consequently, to a decrease in the efficiency of the APM, leading to a decrease in their radiating power, as well as to a decrease in their reliability.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is that the antenna of the mobile unit contains a vehicle with an antenna lifting case in which the cooling system is located and an AFAR (or PAR, or FEMA) is installed under the radio-transparent casing, the receiving and radiating elements of which are connected by microwave cables with installed In the antenna housing, receiving and transmitting modules, in which heat pipes are used to remove heat from the heat-generating microwave nodes, located in the plane of the receiving and transmitting modules between the heat elyayuschimi microwave assemblies and the heat exchanger of the cooling system. In the raised working position of the antenna, the receiving and transmitting modules in the antenna housing are arranged so that the evaporation zones of the heat pipes of the receiving and transmitting modules located at the heat-generating microwave nodes are below the condensation zones of the heat pipes located in the heat exchanger of the cooling system.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the cooling efficiency of the heat-generating microwave nodes of the receiving-transmitting modules of the antenna of the mobile unit. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the reliability of the antenna as a whole, as well as to a possible increase in its radiating power.

The main difference of the claimed technical solution from the prototype is that it should be located in the antenna in such a way that the cooling of their heat-generating microwave nodes in the working position of the antenna occurs with maximum efficiency, namely the MRP and their heat pipes in the antenna arranged in such a way that their evaporation zones are below their condensation zones. This position allows the use of heat pipes PPM with high or maximum efficiency.

Thus, the proposed technical solution eliminates the shortcomings of the analogs and the prototype for reducing the efficiency of cooling the MRP in their working condition, that is, in the working position of the antenna.

The extreme position of heat pipes, in which they can work relatively efficiently, is the horizontal position, but it is more acceptable that the evaporation zones of the heat pipes are lower than their condensation zones.

In this case, from the patent literature it is known the following arrangement of heat pipes used for cooling electronic devices:

1. - “Electronic equipment cabinet” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2338345 C1 from 10.11.2008, IPC H05K 7/20 - [17], in which heat pipes are permanently located horizontally, and their condensation zone is located on a bend (in the vertical plane) heat pipe up.

Analogue [17] is intended for use in cabinets for the placement of electronic equipment with the release of thermal power during its operation. It contains a housing with plates of highly heat-conducting material arranged one above the other and forming horizontal sections in which removable electronic equipment units are placed, a heat sink system consisting of heat pipes brought into thermal contact with plates of a high-heat conducting material in the area of the heat pipe evaporation zone and the back the cabinet wall, also made of highly heat-conducting material, on the outside of which the heat pipe condensation zone is attached.

2. - “The device for cooling the graphics graphics chip” according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2300856 C1 dated 10.06.2007, IPC H05K 7/20, G01F 1/20 - [18], contains curved heat pipes (in the claimed technical solution - straight heat pipes) are constantly located in such a way that their evaporation zones are below their condensation zones.

The analogue of [18] refers to the cooling devices of the video graphics card (VGA) chip. Two options for implementing a cooling device for a video graphics card (VGA) chip are proposed, each of which contains two heat sinks that are installed on the corresponding opposite surfaces of a VGA card so that they jointly cool the VGA card chip. In the cooling device of a VGA chip, two heatsinks are mounted on opposite surfaces of a VGA card, respectively, and are connected together with a heat pipe. In particular, the connecting area between the heat sink that is in contact with the VGA chip and the heat pipe is always set at a lower level than the connection area between the other, opposite heat sink and the heat pipe, which further improves the thermal conductivity of the heat pipe.

The disadvantages of the analogs [17] and [18] are that they are reassigned respectively: for cabinets with electronic equipment and for cooling devices of the chip of a graphic video adapter card, and therefore cannot be used (used) for mobile installation antennas, namely, for effective cooling of heat-generating microwave nodes PPM.

FIG. 1 is a view of a folded mobile installation antenna.

FIG. 2 shows a raised antenna of a mobile unit.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a single transceiver module of a mobile unit antenna.

FIG. 4 - the location of the receiving-transmitting modules in the standard (existing) raised (deployed) antenna (by leader I) of the mobile unit, when the heat pipes of the ASM operate with low efficiency.

FIG. 5 - horizontal (extremely possible position with normally working heat pipes) location of the receiving-transmitting modules in the raised (unfolded) antenna (by leader I) of the mobile unit.

FIG. 6 - the location of the receiving-transmitting modules in the raised (deployed) antenna (on the I callout) of a mobile unit, in which the evaporation zones of heat pipes are below their condensation zones, according to the stated technical solution.

FIG. 7 is a graph of the dependence of the heat resistance of a heat pipe on its angle of inclination relative to the local vertical - 90 ° ... 0 ° ... + 90 ° (graph of R (a) at 10 W, 15 W and 20 W of heat pipes for microwave components is received -transmitter module).

At the same time, in the sector “-” degrees (from 0 ° to -90 °) the evaporation zone of the heat pipe is tilted (turned) so that it is below the horizon, and in the sector “+” degrees (from 0 ° to + 90 °) the zone heat pipe evaporates raise (turn) above the horizon.

The extreme possible locations of the heat pipe are as follows:

-90 ° - the heat pipe is vertically with a zone of evaporation (heating) from below;

0 ° - the heat pipe is located horizontally;

+ 90 ° - the heat pipe is located vertically with an evaporation (heating) zone at the top.

On the figures are marked: I - callout (section) of the raised (unfolded) antenna of the mobile unit; 1 - vehicle; 2 - the body of the lifting antenna AFAR (or HEADLIGHTS, or BOX); 3 - MRP; 4 - heat pipe; 5 - zone of evaporation of the heat pipe; 6 - heat pipe condensation zone; 7 - microwave connectors PPM; 8 - cooling system (conventionally), for example, air, located in the body of the lifting antenna (2); 9 - heat exchanger of the cooling system, formed, for example, by an air channel; 10 - radiotransparent casing of the lifting antenna case (2); 11 - receiving-emitting (emitters (receivers)) elements AFAR (or HEADLIGHTS, or FACE); 12 - microwave connectors (high-frequency) receiving-emitting elements (emitters (receivers) AFAR); 13 - microwave cables (high-frequency) with connectors; 14 - guides (housing aerial antenna (2)) for the installation of MRP.

The antenna of the mobile unit contains (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) a vehicle (1) with a lifting case (2) of the antenna, in which (see Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) a cooling system (8) is located with a heat exchanger (9) formed, for example, an air duct. An AFAR (or HEADLIGHT, or BACKGROUND) is installed under the radio transparent casing (10) of the antenna's lifting body (2), the receiving and emitting elements (11) of which are connected by microwave cables (13) with a PPM antenna (3) installed in the housing (2) ( see fig. 3). In MRP (3) for heat removal from the heat-generating microwave nodes (not shown in the figures) heat pipes (4) are used, located in the plane of the MRP (3) between the heat-generating microwave nodes and the heat exchanger (9) of the cooling system (8). In the raised working position of the antenna, PPM (3) in the body (2) of the antenna are located in such a way that the evaporation zones (5) of heat pipes (4) of the EPM (3) located at the heat-generating microwave nodes are below the condensation zones (6) of thermal pipes (4) located in the heat exchanger (9) of the cooling system (8). At the same time, MRP (3) are equipped with microwave connectors (7), which have microwave cables (13) (with corresponding connectors of microwave cables, which are not labeled in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) connectors (12) receiving-emitting elements (11). MRP (3) in the case (2) of the antenna are located between the guides (14), which define such an initial angle of installation of the MRP (3) in the case (2) of the antenna, in which in the raised antenna case (2) the evaporation zone (5) of heat pipes (4) MRP (3) will be guaranteed to be located lower horizontal than their condensation zones (6). From the graph (see Fig. 7) of the dependence of the thermal resistance of a heat pipe on its angle of inclination relative to the horizon (dependences R (a) of heat pipes, with their power of 10 W, 15 W and 20 W), we can draw the following conclusions:

When the location of the MRP and its heat pipes (4) from the horizontal is such that their evaporation zones (5) are higher than the condensation zones (6) (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 7), then the efficiency (from the maximum) of their heat pipes (4 ), respectively, falls (thermal resistance of the heat pipe increases to an angle of inclination of about + 30 ° from the local vertical in Fig. 7 and then remains almost constant). With this arrangement, the heat pipe (4) practically ceases to function.

At the location (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 7) of the heat pipe (4) (and, consequently, MRP (3), in which it is located) horizontally (according to the chart in Fig. 7: 0 °), the heat pipe ( 4) works satisfactorily, but with lower efficiency for which it is designed (with a small thermal resistance, not more than 2 K / W).

Already when tilted (see Fig. 6 and Fig. 7) of the heat pipe (4): -3 ... -30 ° from the local vertical in fig. 7 - (when its evaporation zone (5) is below the condensation zone (6)) the thermal resistance of the heat pipe drops to the minimum possible, that is, almost to 0 K / W and does not change with further inclination, that is, its efficiency does not increase.

From this it follows that the antenna design of the mobile unit (2) must be calculated (designed) so that the location of BAT (3) with heat pipes (4) with the antenna body (2) raised is at an angle of 30 ° ... 40 ° to the horizon, when its evaporation zone (5) is below the condensation zone (6), depending on the power and other features of the heat pipes (4) used in MRP (3).

Works claimed antenna mobile installation as follows.

When transporting a vehicle (1) in an idle state, its antenna (antenna body (2)) is in the folded (lowered) position, that is, when the antenna body (2) is in a horizontal position. In working condition, the antenna (antenna housing (2)) is deployed (elevated), with (see Fig. 6) MRP (3) in the antenna housing (2) are located in guides (14), so that the evaporation zone (5 a) heat pipes (4) below the condensation zone (6). High-frequency signals from MRP (3) are transmitted via high-frequency microwave cables (13) via connectors (7) to connectors (12) of receiving-emitting elements (11), which in turn radar the surrounding space (radiation and reception of the reflected microwave signals). At the same time, the heat released in the microwave nodes is removed by heat pipes (4), for example, to the air cooling system (8) formed by the air channel (9) of the antenna housing (2).

The use of the claimed technical solution will significantly (according to the technical result) increase the cooling efficiency of the heat-generating microwave nodes of the receiving-transmitting modules of the antenna of the mobile unit. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in the reliability of the antenna as a whole, as well as to a possible increase in its radiating power.

The claimed technical solution can also be further explained by the fact that a specific feature of an APM, for example AFAR, is the need to locate microwave devices close to receiving-emitting elements, which are connected by microwave cables with installed PPM antenna housing. Cooling devices are usually located on the opposite side of the antenna. Heat pipes are used to transfer heat from the microwave devices to the heat exchanger (radiator) of the cooling system installed on the opposite side of the ASM. Their ability to transfer heat from the evaporation zone (section) to the condensation zone (section) is characterized by the value of thermal resistance, calculated as the ratio of the temperature difference between the ends of the pipe and the transmitted heat flow. Studies by the applicant of thermal resistance of heat pipes showed that it has minimum values when the evaporation section is below or at the same level as the condensation section and increases dramatically, several times, if the condensation zone (section) is located below the evaporation zone (section). This can be explained by the fact that the return of the condensate through the capillary structure of the heat pipe is opposed by the force of the earth (gravity of the Earth), which is illustrated in FIG. 7 - view of the dependences of the values of thermal resistance of heat pipes, with a capacity of 10, 15 and 20 W on their angle of inclination relative to the local vertical.

Heat pipes transfer the heat generated in the microwave devices to the heat exchanger (radiator) of the cooling system, cooled by air flow from the fans and further to the environment. If MRP are installed in such a way that, when the antenna is in its working position, the MRP heat pipes will be located horizontally (as a last resort) or with a slight inclination up to 35 ° to the horizon so that their evaporation zone (section) will be below the condensation zone (section), then their thermal resistance will decrease, as a result of which the microwave devices will overheat.

The use of the claimed technical solution will allow to reduce the total thermal resistance between microwave MRP devices and the environment surrounding the antenna of a mobile installation by an average of 25%, with the result that it is possible to increase the radiated MRP power at the same temperature of the microwave devices or lower their temperature at the same radiated power. Reducing the temperature of the working microwave devices will also lead to an increase in their reliability.

Literature

1. Patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation: RU 113825 U1 of 02/27/2012, IPC F41F 3/04, F41G 7/00, “Self-propelled firing system”.

2. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2276821 C1 dated May 20, 2006, IPC H01Q 1/32, “Mobile Antenna Installation”.

3. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2006997 C1 from 06/29/1992, IPC H01Q 3/08, “Antenna of a satellite communication station”.

4. The patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2486643 C1 from 06/27/2013, IPC H01Q 9/34, "Antenna array".

5. Patent for useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 92745 U1 of 03/27/2010, IPC H01Q 21/26, “Antenna fragment of a phased antenna array with controlled polarization”.

6. Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation: RU 90265 U1 of December 27, 2009, IPC H01Q 1/38, “Broadband linear multi-element vibrator phased antenna array”.

7. Patent for useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 131242 U1 of 10.08.2013, IPC H01Q 21/26, “Antenna fragment of a phased antenna array with controlled polarization”.

8. Patent for useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 135457 U1 of December 10, 2013, IPC H01Q 21/00, “Active phased antenna array”.

9. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2414781 C1 from 03.20.2011, IPC H01Q 21/00, “Semi-active phased antenna array”.

10. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2298267 C1 dated April 27, 2007, IPC H01Q 3/26, “Multibeam Active Phased Antenna Array”.

11. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2338307 C1 dated 10.11.2008, IPC H01Q 21/00, H01Q 3/26, H01Q 25/02, “Active phased antenna array”.

12. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2617457 C1 dated April 25, 2017, IPC H01Q 3/00, “Digital Active Phased Antenna Array”.

13. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2379802 C1 dated January 20, 2010, IPC H01Q 21/00, H01Q 3/26, “Block transceiver modules of the active phased antenna array.”

14. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2380803 C1 dated January 27, 2010, IPC H01Q 21/00, “Module for Active Phased Antenna Array”.

15. Patent for useful model of the Russian Federation: RU 97219 U1 of August 27, 2010, IPC H01Q 21/00, “Module housing of the active phased antenna array”.

16. Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation: RU 97220 U1 from 08.27.2010, IPC H01Q 21/00, “Module housing of the active phased antenna array” - a prototype.

17. The patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2338345 C1 from 10.11.2008, IPC H05K 7/20, "Cabinet of electronic equipment."

18. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation: RU 2300856 C1 dated 10.06.2007, IPC H05K 7/20, G01F 1/20, “Device for cooling the video graphics adapter chips.”

Claims (1)

An antenna of a mobile unit containing a vehicle with an antenna lifting case in which the cooling system is located and an active phased antenna array is installed under the radio-transparent casing, the receiving-emitting elements of which are connected by microwave cables with receiving-transmitting modules installed in the case of the antenna for which the heat from the heat-generating microwave nodes used heat pipes located in the plane of the receiving and transmitting modules between the heat-generating microwave nodes and the system heat exchanger cooling topics, characterized in that in the raised working position of the antenna, the receiving and transmitting modules in the antenna housing are positioned so that the evaporation zones of the heat pipes of the receiving and transmitting modules located at the heat-generating microwave nodes are below the condensation zones of the heat pipes located in the heat exchanger cooling systems.

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