RU2687035C1 - Multi sawing unit with electromechanical positioning of saw modules - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacturing technology.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to devices for sawing hard materials, mainly wood. Sawing module comprises saw blade fixed between two fasteners. Saw unit eccentric is equipped with a lead screw of electromechanical drive (32) connected and passing through the eccentric threaded hole. Eccentric has a second hole for free passage of the same lead screw of the electromechanical drive installed in a similar way in the other eccentric, turned relative to the previous eccentric by 120°. Sawing unit comprises driving and driven shafts with parallel axes of rotation and supports (7) and (8) at ends of support racks and saw module. On the saw unit shafts between the support bearing assemblies and eccentrics there installed are electromechanical drives for the saw module positioning. Drives have lead screws threaded with eccentric. Worm wheels are fitted on said screws to engage with electromechanical drive worms. Each electromechanical drive is connected by lead screws with not more than three saw modules.EFFECT: higher efficiency of saw unit.2 cl, 9 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of cutting solid materials, mainly wood, but also metal, plastics, stone, bone, glass and others.

Prior art

A device for sawing wood, containing a frame on which the saw unit is located in the form of a drive and driven shafts with parallel axes of rotation, on which sawing modules are hinged on eccentrics, each of which is a saw blade having teeth, interdental depressions and rear edge and secured between two fastener assemblies (SU 146019, V27B 15/04, 1962). In this device, the saw modules are located on the console sections of the shafts, while the movement is transmitted from the drive shaft to the driven shaft by means of a chain transmission. However, the chain transmission limits the frequency of rotation of the shafts, and the device itself does not solve the problem of eliminating the effect of shaping the saw blade. At the same time the width of a cut is inadmissibly increased.

There are also known devices for sawing wood, containing a frame on which the saw unit is located in the form of driving and driven crankshafts with parallel axes of rotation and with supports at the ends and saw modules with saw blades hinged on the crankshaft journals of the same name (SU 1771443, В27В 3/00, 1992; RU 2058884, В27В 3/10, 1996; RU 2060872, В27В 3/00, 1996;). In all these devices, an additional complex kinematic connection between the drive and the driven shafts is used to ensure the synchronization of their rotation, which complicates and weights the structure as a whole, but does not solve the problem of reducing the width of the cut and reducing energy consumption for sawing.

From the descriptions of the inventions to RU No. 2292259, V27V 3/00, B28D 1/06, B23D 49/00 RU, as well as 2555798, V27B 3/00, 20013, as well as (patents for invention No. 264,774, No. 2555798) are known :

- a saw module containing at least one saw blade (12), having teeth (25), interdental cavities (26) and a rear edge (27) and fixed between two fastening assemblies (13) intended for swiveling with a leading ) and driven (5) shafts, the rotation axes (6) of which are parallel to each other, with an offset of the hinge axis (14) of each fixing unit relative to the axis of rotation of the corresponding shaft, and the center of mass of each half of the specified module is located at a point at a distance from The pivot points of this mounting bracket do not four times the offset of the specified axis relative to the axis of rotation of the corresponding shaft, while the saw blade is set so that the axis of the lower hinge (14) is located relative to the center line of gravity of the section of the supporting structure of the blade at a distance of 0.5 ... 0.75 width of the specified blade, and the axis of the upper hinge is located relative to the line of gravity of the cross section of the supporting structure of the web at a distance of 0.1 ... 0.4 width of the specified web, measured between the rear edge of the specified web and the interdental line out of the troughs, while the width of the blade is within the OD ... 0.45 of its free length, if it is installed on the master and the driven eccentric shafts, the indicated offset is equal to the distance between the geometrical axis of the eccentric and the axis of rotation of the shaft, the fixing unit designed for mounting on the driven shaft, contains a collar (16), pivotally connected with the specified shaft, and a bracket (17) connected to the collar, provided with a means of movable fixation (18) of the saw blade, a means of movable fixation (18) of the saw blade contains at least one pin t (19), placed in the hole (20), made at the end of the saw blade, and in coaxial holes (21), made in the opposite walls (22) and (23) of the bracket to install the specified pin in them with the ability to move along the longitudinal axis of the saw blade, and the spring (24) to interact with the specified pin, fixed inside the bracket, while the center of mass of each half of the specified module, formed by a part of the blade in the range of 0.2 ... 0.4 free length of the specified blade and the corresponding fastening assembly is located at the point finding eysya at a distance from the pivot axis of the fixing unit, not exceeding four times the amount of offset of said axis with respect to the corresponding shaft axis of rotation.

- saw unit containing the leading and driven shafts with parallel axes of rotation and supports at the ends, racks for accommodating the supports and at least one specified saw module.

In the known technical solutions, in order to change the distance between the blades or the necessary positioning of the saw modules (11) (Fig. 1), (patent for invention of invention 2555798, B27B 3/00, 20013 g) in the saw unit, separation points (30) are used. At the same time, the separations are also used to fix the saw modules on the lower and upper shafts (3) and (5) when they are installed between the saw modules and the bearing units (8) and (7) (supports).

In all known technical solutions, there are no devices for fixing the saw modules, except for the separations, which allow positioning and fixing of the saw modules on the shafts of the saw unit to change the distances between the blades or the saw modules.

When considering the features of the functional use of real samples of the proposed inventions (multi-blade machine tool blocks), it is necessary to note a feature typical of small and medium-sized enterprises using similar devices for sawing double edging logs (logs) into boards near the logging site or near the places of preliminary storing logs. This is the practical absence of preliminary sorting of saw logs (restriction or selection by diameter) for its further sawing on boards, which leads to the need for periodic cessation of work for an appropriate readjustment (adjustment) of the saw unit (set in the saw frame).

Reconfiguration is carried out to ensure:

- changeable (new) size of the thickness of the sawn boards;

- variable nomenclature for the width and thickness of the planed boards.

This, often occurring, necessary adjustment of the set of saws is dictated by the preservation and, if possible, the increase in the utilization rate of commercial wood with a simultaneous decrease in the cost of production. The implementation of the mentioned required changes (adjustments) on the prototype machine causes the cost of working time for:

- manual unlocking of the fixed saw modules on the shafts of the saw unit,

- manual movement and fixation of saw modules on the shafts of the saw unit and their subsequent blocking.

The listed operations performed manually complicate the work of the machine operator, causing overhead time.

In order to preserve and further increase the utilization rate of commercial wood, as well as speeding up the process of cutting a saw log (harvesting), in the practical absence of sorting, the design of the saw unit is proposed, equipped with electromechanical drives for positioning saw modules located on its shafts. The proposed design significantly (5 ... 10 times or more) reduces the overhead of working time spent on changing the size between the blades or saw modules on the shafts of the saw unit, and at the same time reduces the cost of manufacturing sawn timber. At the same time, there is no need for preliminary sorting of saw logs, which is especially relevant when working in the conditions of operational cutting of saw logs on plots or near places of its temporary storage.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is:

- reduction in 5 ... 10 times of unproductive expenditure of working time on the size change between the blades or saw modules when they are fixed on the shafts of the saw unit,

- increase 1.2 ... 1.5 times the daily performance of the saw unit (Fig. 1, 2);

The task with respect to the saw module is solved in that the eccentric (28) of the saw module (11) (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) is equipped with a lead screw (31) of an electromechanical drive (32) (Fig. 4) connected and passing through a threaded hole The eccentric (Fig. 3, Fig. 5) also has a second hole (Fig. 5) for the free passage of the same lead screw, installed in a similar way in another eccentric rotated 120 ° relative to the previous eccentric.

In relation to the saw block, the problem is solved by the fact that on the shafts of the saw block between the supporting bearing assemblies (supports) and the eccentrics (saw modules) electromechanical drives are installed for positioning at least one saw module (saw modules) having running screws (31) connected by a thread with at least one eccentric (eccentrics) and worm wheels (33) mounted on them that engage with electromechanical actuator worms (34), which provides movement and fixation (block kirovka) eccentrics on the shafts of the saw unit with simultaneous adjustment of the gaps between the blades or saw modules, while rotating the corresponding worms and worm wheels with driving screws; and each electromechanical drive is connected by spindle screws to no more than three saw modules (eccentrics).

The arrangement of electromechanical drives on the shafts of the saw unit is shown in FIG. 6. Sequential synchronous supply of torques to the worm limit switches (Fig. 4) acting on the corresponding worm wheels (for example, using flexible shafts) causes the rotation of the driving screws, which force the eccentrics of the same saw module to move along the shafts of the saw unit. The eccentrics stop occurs when there are no torques at the end of the worms or when focusing on a control sample of lumber.

In the saw unit, containing the leading and driven shafts with parallel axes of rotation and supports at the ends, stands for accommodating the supports and at least one specified saw module.

The drive and driven shafts can be made crankshaft, with the specified offset equal to the distance between the axis of the neck of the knee and the axis of rotation of the shaft.

The drive and driven shafts can be made eccentric, with the specified offset equal to the distance between the geometric axis of the eccentric and the axis of rotation of the shaft.

In addition, the eccentrics of the eccentric shaft can be made with the possibility of their installation in a given axial position for adjusting the gaps between the saw modules, which allows you to change the thickness of the material being cut.

This can be done, for example, by making the eccentrics removable with their fixation on the shafts with the help of dowels, and additional spacer elements (razduchki) can be installed between the eccentrics.

In addition, the saw modules can be installed on these shafts with a certain angular displacement relative to each other. In this case, the centrifugal forces arising from the circular translational motion of the saw blades balance themselves, as a result of which the support bearings operate under the load of the cutting forces of only one saw module and the total tension force of the saw blades of the saw unit. At the same time, the cutting force is almost constant in its direction and changes only in magnitude depending on the size and properties of the material being cut. This eliminates the massive bed and increases the service life of the saw unit.

Brief description of the drawings.

In more detail, the proposed invention is disclosed with reference to the drawings: a

in fig. 1 shows a prototype multisaw block with common elements;

in fig. 2 - saw unit (device for cutting), side view;

in fig. 3 - saw module, side view;

in fig. 4 - electromechanical drive with supply of torque to the end switches of the worms by any device: drill, screwdriver, manually, flexible shaft, otherwise;

in fig. 4a - electromechanical drive with micro electric motors equipped with power supply and radio control units for micro electric motors;

in fig. 4b - an electromechanical drive with microelectric motors and electrocontacts that are output to the external surface of electromechanical drives;

in fig. 5 - a local view of the angular location of the eccentrics on the shafts of the saw unit from the side of the bearing units (supports); but

in fig. 6 - saw unit, a general view of the location of electromechanical drives on the shafts and the connection of the spindle screws with eccentrics, and also shows a schematic diagram of the possible positions of the saw modules in the saw unit (shown conventionally);

in fig. 7 - saw module, a local view with a local incision in the area of the means of movable fixation of the saw blade;

in fig. 8 - sawing module, local view and section in the area of the means of movable fixation of the saw blade;

in fig. 9 -, saw module, front view.

Examples of the invention.

The proposed saw unit for sawing (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 6) contains a frame (1) on which the saw unit (2) and means for feeding and draining the material to be cut (the feed mechanism is not shown) are located. The saw unit contains a drive shaft (3) connected by a pulley (4) with an electric motor (not shown), a driven shaft (5), with the axis of rotation (6) of both shafts parallel and both shafts fixed at the ends in the supports (7) and ( 8) respectively. The supports are placed on racks (9), each of which has guides (10) fixed in the frame. On the shafts there are saw modules (11), each of which contains at least one saw blade (12) with teeth (25), interdental depressions (26) and rear edge (27) (in the examples of the saw block shown in Fig. 1, 2, and 6, the saw module has two saw blades), which is fixed between the two fastening assemblies (13) pivotally connected to the shafts, i.e. each mounting unit forms with the shaft (3) or (5) respectively a movable joint, allowing rotation around their common axis, which is the axis of the shaft (6). The hinge axis (14) of each fixing unit is offset from the axis of rotation (6) of the shaft (3) or (5). If the shafts are made eccentric, then the axis of the hinge (1) 4 is the geometrical axis of the eccentric, and if the shafts are made with crankshafts, then the axis of the hinge is the axis of the shaft knee.

In order to ensure a given position of the center of mass of each half of the saw module, a compensator (15) is installed on the mounting assembly in the form of inertial load, which minimizes the effect of inertial shaping of the saw blade.

The fastening assembly has a collar (16) (swivel elements of fastening assemblies with shafts), and the fastening assembly mounted on the driven shaft has a bracket (17) connected to the collar, while the latter is provided with a means of movable fixation (18) of the saw blade. The specified means of movable fixation contains at least one pin (19) mounted for movement along the longitudinal axis of the saw blade.

FIG. 7 and 8 show an embodiment of the movable fixation means with two pins, which are placed both in the holes (20) made at the end of the saw blade and in the coaxial holes (21) made in the opposite walls (22) and (23) of the bracket. The pins have the ability to move in the holes along the longitudinal axis of the saw blade, since the holes (21) are made elongated in the indicated direction. A spring (24) fixed inside the cramp interacts with the pins and ensures the specified tension force of the web when idling and when the web heats up during sawing.

FIG. 3 shows the saw module with a certain location of the saw blade, where B is the width of the indicated blade, measured by the distance between the line of interdental cavities and the rear edge of the blade, while the mass of the compensator ensures the balance of the fixing unit with respect to the axis (14) taking into account the mass of the saw blade within 0, 2 ... 0.4 of its free length LCw (Fig. 9).

The saw blade is installed so that the axis of the lower hinge is located relative to the center line of gravity of the section of the supporting structure of the blade at a distance equal to (0.5 ... 0.75) V, and the axis of the upper hinge is located relative to the line of center of gravity of the section of the supporting structure of the blade at a distance of 0.1 ... 0.4) B, where B is the width of the specified web measured between the back edge of the specified web and the line of interdental cavities.

The value of the eccentric stretching of the blade is called the distance from the line of tensile forces to the line passing through the center of gravity of the cross section of the saw blade carrying structure. In this case, the width of the web is B = (0.1 ... 0.45) LCw, where LCv is the free length of the web (see Fig. 9).

Such an arrangement of the saw blade, with other well-known parameters of the saw module, increases the frequency of natural oscillations of the first form, minimizing the effect of resonant shaping the saw blade and its consequences.

When the master (3) and the slave (5) shafts are made eccentric (as shown not in FIGS. 3 and 6), their eccentrics (28) can be made removable with their fixation on the shafts with the help of dowels (29) or splines. To adjust the gaps between the blades and saw modules, each eccentric of the saw module is equipped with a lead screw (31) of an electromechanical drive (32) connected and passing through a screw hole of the eccentric, and also has a second hole for the free passage of the same lead screw of an electromechanical drive installed in a similar way in another eccentric rotated by 120 ° relative to the previous eccentric, on the shafts of the saw unit (3) and (5) between the bearing units (supports) (8 ) and (7) and eccentrics (saw modules) are installed electromechanical actuators for positioning at least one saw module (saw modules), having running screws, connected by a thread, at least with one eccentric (eccentrics) and installed on these are worm wheels (33) that engage with the worms (34) of the electromechanical drive (32), which provides movement and fixation (blocking; eccentrics on the shafts of the saw unit with simultaneous adjustment of the gaps between the blades or saws and modules, while rotating the respective worm (34) and worm wheel (33) with the lead screws; and each electromechanical drive is connected by spindle screws with no more than a stirrup by sawing modules (eccentrics (28)).

The location of the eccentrics on the shafts of the saw unit, ensuring the specified condition, is shown in FIG. 5. At the same time, the dynamic balancing of the saw unit was carried out without the use of additional corrective masses.

In the case of use in a sawing device of a sawing unit with only one sawing module, it is advisable to associate the drive shaft and the driven flexible kinematic connection, for example, a V-belt to synchronize their rotation.

If two or more saw modules are installed in the saw unit, in this case the saw modules themselves are synchronizers of rotation of both shafts. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, six saw modules are used, which is optimal both for ensuring the dynamic stability of the saw unit and for power consumption when sawing.

As the tests showed, the sawing device, which has the above-described saw block with six saw modules, has a total power consumption of 8.1 ... 12.1 kW for dissolving into sawn boards with a characteristic diameter of up to 460 mm (Fig. 6) at a feed rate (productivity ) 1 ... 3 m / min and the frequency of rotation of the drive and driven shafts about 3000 rpm, which is not the limit. The dimensions of the entire device for cutting logs with a diameter of up to 340 mm do not exceed 1000 × 1240 × 1590 mm with a total weight of the device of about 750 kg.

The execution of a saw blade with carbide cutting elements (not shown) or of special stellite-like alloys allows processing materials of different hardness with a cutting width of not more than 2.0 ... 2.1 mm. At the same time, the saw blade does not need frequent re-dressing and practically does not change its geometrical parameters during operation. The thickness of the coniferous boards with a thickness of 50 mm, with a width of 150 mm and a length of 6.2 m, is 0.1 ... 0.3 mm, and the difference in the dimensions of the thickness of the boards, sawn through the saw unit between the moments of changing the blades, does not exceed 0.5 mm .

Changing the position of the saw modules on the shafts of the saw block is carried out when torque is applied to the worm end switches by any device (drill, screwdriver, manually, by other means). The keys transfer torque from the worm wheels to the drive screws (31).

It should be noted that it is possible to install microelectric motors (37) in the electromechanical drives (Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b), which rotate the worm wheels with worm wheels and provide the direction screws of rotation. In this case, microelectric motors equipped with a power supply unit (38) (Fig. 4a) and a radio control unit (39) allow positioning the saw modules remotely both in individual mode and in programmed control mode. This makes it possible to adjust the width of the set of saw blades or change the size between the blades or saw modules on the shafts of the saw block within 1 ... 2 minutes while reducing the adjustment time of the prototype by 5 ... 10 times.

Controlling the positioning of the saw modules using software allows you to optimize the full use of wood while increasing its utilization rate by 10 ... 15 %%.

One of the variants of the drive design is the supply of voltage to microelectric motors through electrical contacts (41) (Fig. 4b), which are output to the external surface of electromechanical drives, which also allows remote control of the positioning of the saw modules.

Microelectric motors and elements of functional purpose mated with them are fixed in the electromechanical drive by a stopper (36) (Fig. 4a, 4b).

The above-mentioned versions of the saw unit equipped with electromechanical drives for positioning the saw modules increase the performance of the saw unit (machine) by 1.2 ... 1.5 times.

By adjusting the electromechanically driven gaps between the saw modules 11 of the saw log (log), you can get a tes, floorboard, woodworking board, parquet board or timber.

The number of sawn boards with possible thickness and possible nomenclature are presented in FIG. 6. The maximum total number of boards can be equal to 17 with four options in thickness (A, B, C, D).

The schematic diagram of the saw unit allows its manufacture in dimensions and purpose for the production of parquet boards with a thickness of _16-0.3 mm and lamellae with a thickness of 8.0 _-0.3 mm. However, their thickness can be changed depending on the needs of the market.

The developed machine feed mechanism is equipped with devices for the dosed supply of fluid (surfactant) to each propyl, which is relevant when processing resinous wood species, such as larch, for example. At the same time, in the course of work, the target blows each saw blade with compressed air to ensure timely removal of sawdust from the cutting zone (in front of the saw blades) and simultaneous increase in productivity of the saw unit.

The proposed device (sawing unit) for sawing can be used in all industries that require cutting of hard materials. It is most promising to use it for sawing wood as a second-row machine. At the same time, the device (machine or its separate saw unit) provides energy saving during sawing, is economical in manufacturing (it has a low metal consumption), and is also convenient for use in hard-to-reach areas with a small autonomous power supply.

Claims (2)

1. A saw unit (11) containing at least one saw blade (12), having teeth (25), interdental cavities (26) and a rear edge (27) and fixed between two fastening assemblies (13) intended for a hinged connection with leading (3) and follower (5) shafts, the rotation axes (6) of which are parallel to each other, with the displacement of the hinge axis (14) of each mounting unit relative to the axis of rotation of the corresponding shaft, and the center of mass of each half of the specified module is located at the point, located at a distance from the axis of the hinge of this mount, not p four times the displacement of the specified axis relative to the axis of rotation of the corresponding shaft, while the saw blade is set so that the axis of the lower hinge (14) is located relative to the center line of gravity of the cross section of the supporting structure of the blade at a distance of 0.5 ... 0.75 width of the specified blade, and the axis of the upper hinge is located relative to the line of gravity of the cross section of the supporting structure of the web at a distance of 0.1 ... 0.4 width of the specified web, measured between the rear edge of the specified web and the line between slaughter troughs, while the width of the blade is in the range of 0.1 ... 0.45 of its free length, in case it is installed on the leading and driven eccentric shafts, the specified offset is equal to the distance between the geometrical axis of the eccentric and the axis of rotation of the shaft; on the driven shaft, contains a collar (16), pivotally connected with the specified shaft, and a bracket (17) connected to the collar, provided with a means of movable fixation (18) of the saw blade, a means of movable fixation (18) of the saw blade contains at least one Tift (19), placed both in the hole (20), made at the end of the saw blade, and in the coaxial holes (21), made in the opposite walls (22) and (23) of the bracket to install the specified pin in them with the ability to move along the longitudinal axis of the saw blade, and the spring (24) to interact with the specified pin, fixed inside the bracket, while the center of mass of each half of the specified module, formed by a part of the blade in the range of 0.2 ... 0.4 free length of the specified blade and the corresponding fastening assembly located at the point at a distance from the axis of the hinge of this mounting unit, not exceeding four times the displacement of the specified axis relative to the axis of rotation of the corresponding shaft, characterized in that the eccentric (28) of the saw module (11) is equipped with a spindle (31) of the electromechanical drive (32) connected and passing through the screw hole of the eccentric, also has a second hole for the free passage of the same spindle screw of the electromechanical actuator installed in a similar way in another eccentric, rotated previous eccentric at 120 °. 2. A saw unit containing a master (3) and a slave (5) shafts with parallel axes of rotation (6) and supports (7) and (8) at the ends, pillars (9) for accommodating supports and at least one saw Module according to claim 1, characterized in that on the shafts of the saw unit between supporting bearing assemblies — supports — and eccentrics — saw modules — electromechanical drives are installed for positioning at least one saw module — saw modules having running screws (31) , connected on a carving, at least, with one eccentric - eccentrics - and mounted on them worm wheels (33), which engage with the worm (34) electromechanical drive, which provides movement and fixation - blocking - eccentrics on the shafts of the saw unit with simultaneous adjustment of the intervals between the blades or saw modules, while rotating the corresponding worms and worm wheels with driving screws, and each electromechanical drive is connected with driving screws with no more than three saw modules - eccentrics.

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