RU26834U1 - HEAT AND STEAM GENERATOR - Google Patents

Description

: Heat and steam generator

The utility model relates to the field of heat energy and can be used to create heat and steam generators, as well as in the production of coolants in various areas of the national economy.

A steam generator is known comprising a cylindrical body, a cylindrical shell coaxially located therein with an electric heater disposed therein, which divides the internal cavity of the body into an evaporation chamber communicating with each other, located inside the shell, and an overheating chamber located in the annular space between the body and the shell. A pair for spraying water is introduced into the evaporation chamber, and the cylindrical shell is equipped with a bottom and a cover, in which holes are made for the evaporation chamber and the overheating chamber to communicate with each other (see USSR author's certificate 1590829, IPC5 F22B1 / 26, published 07.09.90., Steam generator) 1.

The pedagogue of the known steam generator is its large metal consumption and low productivity due to the small volumes of steam produced, which makes it inertial and uneconomical. In addition, it allows you to get only one type of coolant, namely, superheated steam.

The closest in technical essence is a steam generator containing a pulsating combustion chamber with a resonant (flame) pipe, a steam-water boiler in the form of a casing formed by pipes located along the perimeter of the pulsating combustion chamber and a resonant pipe and which are simultaneously heating surfaces of feed water, a separator and injection devices, moreover, the separator is connected at the inlet to the heating surfaces, and the steam and liquid lines of the separator are connected to the injection devices installed by respectively at the end and the beginning of the resonance tube (see. USSR Inventor's Certificate 1613795 №, MPK5 F22B 1/26, publ. 12.15.90., steam generator) 2.

A disadvantage of the known steam generator is low productivity, which is limited by the capacity of the injection devices and the high resistance to the flow of water passing through the heating surfaces of the combustion chamber, which does not allow to increase its pressure and feed rate.

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in addition, the presence of a separator increases the dimensions and weight of the steam generator, increases its inertia, requires thermal insulation of the separator and pipelines.

The known device is designed to receive only one coolant vapor, while requiring a constant temperature, pressure and flow rate of water, which in turn reduces its efficiency.

Another disadvantage is the sensitivity to water parameters (i.e. its quality) and the ability to work only with de-oxygenation and water softening systems, since the presence of dissolved oxygen in water leads to corrosion of pipes and other working surfaces of the steam generator, and the increased water hardness at low speeds - to the formation of scale.

The technical result of the utility model provides for an increase in productivity by ensuring high temperatures and expiration rates of combustion products and water pumping that increase heat transfer processes, expanding functionality due to two types of coolant (hot water and gas-air vapor mixture), the ability to work without additional water treatment due to small surfaces in contact with water, and high pumping speeds.

The technical result is achieved in that a heat generator including a combustion chamber, a flame tube with devices for injecting water or steam, a steam boiler, according to a utility model, comprises a housing in which the combustion chamber and flame tube are coaxially and sequentially provided, the latter having a Laval nozzle passing into a cylindrical nozzle, and in the expanding part of the Laval nozzle there is a dilution chamber, the steam-water boiler is made in the form of an annular space formed between the body and the chamber The combustion chamber with the flame tube, the combustion chamber and the dilution chamber are equipped with secondary air supply pipes, and the devices for injecting water or steam are made in the form of holes uniformly located around the flame tube, the dilution chamber and the cylindrical nozzle.

On the outside of the housing, air manifolds are installed to supply secondary air to the combustion and dilution chambers.

The presence of the casing and the design of the steam-water boiler in the form of an annular space between the casing and the combustion chamber with a flame tube made it possible to increase the speed of pumping water, and the presence of a Laval nozzle made it possible to increase the rate of expiration of the combustion products and their temperature due to the inhibition of high-speed flows in the cylindrical nozzle. This allows you to increase the throughput of the steam-water boiler and the volume of the resulting gas-air vapor mixture.

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The implementation of the device for injecting water or steam in the form of holes evenly spaced around the perimeter of the flame tube, the dilution chamber and the cylindrical nozzle, allows you to increase the volume of the gas-air vapor mixture, and also protect the surface of the flame tube, dilution chamber and the cylindrical nozzle from overheating.

The supply of secondary air through the nozzles of the combustion chamber allows to increase the combustion efficiency of the gas-air mixture and the flame temperature.

The coaxial arrangement of the combustion chamber and the flame tube, as well as their coaxial arrangement in the housing, makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the heat generator and the heating surface of the steam-water boiler, which makes it possible to ensure the operation of the heat generator at high pumping speeds without additional water treatment by eliminating scale formation and salt deposition. The figure shows a heat and steam generator in section.

The heat and steam generator comprises a housing 1, in which a combustion chamber 2, a flame tube 3, comprising a Laval nozzle 4, passing into a cylindrical nozzle 5, are coaxially and sequentially enclosed.

In the expanding part of the Laval nozzle 4 there is a dilution chamber 6. The steam-boiler 7 is made in the form of a closed annular space located between the housing 1 and the combustion chamber 2 with a flame tube 3.

The combustion chamber 2 contains a burner device 8 and is equipped with nozzles 9 and 10 for supplying air and gas, respectively.

The flame tube 3, the dilution chamber 6 and the cylindrical nozzle 5 contain holes for injecting water or steam 11,12,13, respectively.

The combustion chamber 2 and the dilution chamber 6 contain openings for supplying secondary air, respectively 14 and 15, which are connected to the manifolds 16 for supplying air using the nozzles 17.

Steam boiler 7 is equipped with a pipe for supplying feed water 18, equipped with a device for controlling the feed rate and flow rate of water 19.

The burner device 8 is equipped with a gas-jet emitter 20. To ensure the reliability of ignition of the gas mixture there is an ignition device (not shown in the drawing).

The combustion chamber 2 and the cylindrical nozzle 5 have guide bearings 21 for centering them in the housing 1.

in the combustion chamber 2 through the nozzles 9 and 10 serves air and gas, respectively. Part of the air under a pressure of 3-6 atm. enters through a gas-jet emitter 20 and heats up to a temperature of 600-900 ° C. Upon contact of heated air with gas, the mixture spontaneously ignites. For reliability of ignition, the ignition device is simultaneously turned on (not shown in the drawing).

Secondary air is supplied from the air manifold 16 through the nozzles 17 and the openings 14 to the combustion chamber 2 to ensure reliable combustion at a stoichiometric ratio and to achieve a maximum temperature in the flow core of 2000 ° C.

Simultaneously with the supply of gas and air to the combustion chamber 2 in the steam boiler 7 through the pipe 18 serves water at a speed of at least 20 m / s, adjusting its flow rate and speed of the device 19.

Passing through the annular space of the steam-water boiler 7, the water is heated, while cooling the walls of the combustion chamber 2 and the flame tube 3. Formed; vapor bubbles on the walls are disrupted by a stream of cold water with their subsequent condensation, which, along with high water pumping rates, increases the heat transfer coefficient.

In addition, due to the high pumping speeds of water and small contact surfaces, the oxidation of the material of the housing 1, the combustion chamber 2 and the flame tube 3 does not occur. For the same reason, salt deposition and scale formation on these surfaces do not occur.

Water or steam supplied depending on the established thermal regime from the steam-water boiler 7 through the openings 11, 12, 13, provide ejection of gas and the resulting combustion products while cooling the walls of the combustion chamber 2, the flame tube 3 and the Laval nozzle 4, as well as intense vaporization with direct contact of water jets with high-temperature vapors, they are perceptible during the combustion of gas and air.

Useful actual gas volume increases due to the addition of vapors generated during fuel combustion. When burning 1 cube m of natural gas produces 2 cubic meters. m couple.

The gas-air vapor mixture formed in the combustion chamber 2, passing through the Laval nozzle 4, is accelerated and diluted in the dilution chamber 6 with steam or water, as well as secondary air supplied through openings 12 and 15, respectively, to the norms required by environmental standards, and then inhibited in a cylindrical nozzle 5 with the conversion of kinetic energy into heat, significantly increasing the flow temperature.

By adjusting the flow rates of gas, air and water, it is possible to obtain at the outlet of the heat-generator the type of heat carrier that the consumer needs at the given moment of time without readjusting the heat-generator, namely: hot water with a temperature of up to 100 ° C or a gas-air vapor mixture with the necessary composition, pressure and temperature up to 1000 ° C.

The presence of a critical section in the Laval nozzle 4 ensures constant combustion and vaporization conditions in the combustion chamber 2, independent of changes and fluctuations in the consumer system connected to the cylindrical nozzle 5.

The small size and mass of the heat generator, the high temperature and the rate of expiration of the combustion products can reduce the start and stop times to 5-10 seconds from the moment of receipt of the working fluid in the heat generator.

The inventive heat generator allows you to get the following advantages: high performance and versatility, small overall mass characteristics, the ability to work without water treatment (de-freezing, softening and heating water), high dynamism and independence of the heat generator from the input water parameters and changes and fluctuations in parameters (pressure, flow rate ) in the consumer system.

Sources of fame: 1. USSR Certificate of Authorship No. 2. USSR Certificate of Authorship No. 1590829, MKI5 F22B1 / 28, publ. 09/07/90. 1613795, MKI5 F22B1 / 26, publ. 12/15/90.

Claims (2)

1. A heat and steam generator, including a combustion chamber, a flame pipe with devices for injecting water or steam, a steam-water boiler, characterized in that the heat and steam generator includes a housing in which the combustion chamber and the flame pipe are coaxially and sequentially provided, the latter having a Laval nozzle turning into a cylindrical nozzle, and in the expanding part of the Laval nozzle, a dilution chamber is located, the steam-water boiler is made in the form of an annular space formed between the body and the combustion chamber with a flame ruboy, combustion and dilution chamber equipped with nozzles for secondary air, and a device for injecting water or steam formed in the form of holes, evenly spaced around the perimeter of the flame tube, dilution chamber and a cylindrical nozzle. 2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer side of the casing there are air collectors for supplying secondary air to the combustion and dilution chambers.