RU2672742C1 - Disc having impact absorbing action and creating uniform flow and reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry; technological processes.SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to chemical processing equipment and describes a disc for uniform distribution of material flow and a reactor. Said disc contains plate (100) of column, pipe (200) for the discharge of material passing through plate (100) of column, and device (300) which attenuates impact. Said attenuating impact device is configured to absorb the kinetic energy of an obliquely dropping material flow. Said device (300) has a guide surface made with the possibility of directing an obliquely dropping stream of material for its passage along the guide surface and falling towards plate (100) of column. On the part of nozzle (200) above plate (100) of column overflow holes (201) are located. Said disc contains plurality of nozzles (200) and plurality of devices (300), made to ensure the function of absorbing the impact of the dropping material for specified set of nozzles (200). Using the device, the kinetic energy of the flow of material can be absorbed. And a flow of the dropping material can be formed.EFFECT: invention provides a uniform distribution of gas-liquid material in a hydrogenation reactor.31 cl, 38 dwg, 9 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of equipment for chemical treatment, in particular, to a disk that attenuates impact and creates a uniform flow, and to a reactor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hydrogenation technology is becoming increasingly important and is acquiring an increasingly important role in the oil refining industry. Whether the hydrogenation reaction can work stably, whether the hydrogenation catalyst can play its full role and whether a high-quality product is obtained, largely depends on the uniform distribution of the gas-liquid material in the catalyst bed in the hydrogenation reactor. The hydrogenation reactor contains an inlet diffuser, a gas-liquid distributor, a scum collecting basket, supporting elements of the catalyst layer, a hydrogen cryogenic block, an exhaust manifold and inert ceramic balls, etc., all of which have a direct effect on the efficiency of the catalyst and are the most important for gas-liquid distributor and hydrogen cryogenic unit. The function of the gas-liquid distributor is to distribute and mix the gas-phase feed and liquid feed and spray them evenly onto the surface of the catalyst bed in order to improve the state of the flow of the liquid phase in the catalyst bed. The distribution of the reaction material through a gas-liquid distributor implies macroscopic uniformity and microscopic uniformity.

Macroscopic homogeneity of a gas-liquid distributor is defined as the fact that the amount of liquid phase flowing through each distributor is equal to the amount of volume of the gas phase flowing through the distributor to provide a “uniform” coating of the material on the catalyst bed. It is difficult to achieve high macroscopic homogeneity of the liquid distribution, since the diameter of the hydrogenation reactor these days is becoming more and more, and the plates of the distribution column are assembled from blocks, and it is impossible to accurately ensure the horizontal surface of the distribution plate. Typically, the surface of the distribution plate can be tilted from a horizontal direction by an angle of 1/8 ° -1 / 2 °, and the angle of inclination can reach 3/2 ° due to installation errors. Even if the column plate is initially mounted horizontally, the surface of the plate plate may lose its horizontalness due to the combined effect of thermal expansion and impact of the material during operation. Therefore, macroscopic uniformity of the distribution of the liquid phase should be ensured due to the design of the distributor.

In addition, since the input diffuser is installed, the residual kinetic energy of the transfer of material flow can create a large impact force; moreover, since the material is fed through the inlet diffuser in a central position, the kinematic path of the material flow formed in the closed space of the reactor is a slope line, and the liquid phase with kinetic energy creates the phenomenon of “wave propagation” on the liquid layer on the column plate under the upper distributor , which leads to an unfavorable state of entry into the dispenser, which depends on the horizontal position of the column plate. Even the distributor with the best performance cannot ensure uniform distribution of the material, provided that there are liquid layers at different depths, and an increase in the temperature difference in the radial direction is inevitable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve the problem of uneven distribution of material through a distributor existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a shock attenuating effect * and a uniform flow disk that can evenly distribute the material flow.

To achieve this, the present invention, in one aspect, provides a shock attenuating and uniform flow disk comprising a column plate, a material discharge pipe passing through the column plate, and a shock attenuating device configured to absorb the kinetic energy of an obliquely incident stream material, while the shock attenuating device has a guide surface configured to direct the flow obliquely falling material for passing along the guide surface and falling vertically to the column plate, and in the part of the pipe for material discharge above the plate of the column there are overflow openings, wherein said disk contains a plurality of pipes for material discharge and a lot of shock attenuating devices configured to provide a function depreciation of falling material for the specified set of nozzles for dumping material.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, it relates to a reactor that comprises an inlet diffuser and shock-absorbing and uniformly flowing disk according to the invention, said disk being located in the upper enclosed space of the reactor or at the upper end of the reactor vessel, and the diffuser is configured to feed material to the specified disk.

In the aforementioned technical scheme, the shock attenuating device can absorb the kinetic energy of the material flow and / or prevent the direct flow of the falling material into the discharge pipe; instead, the flow of material falls onto the plate of the column and forms a layer of liquid with a certain depth before it is distributed through the overflow openings; in this way, uneven distribution of the material caused by a deviation from the horizontal position of the column plate can be avoided. In addition, since the material flow first forms a liquid layer and then is distributed through overflow openings, the impact force created by the residual kinetic energy is eliminated, and the phenomenon of “wave propagation” is also eliminated. Therefore, weakening the impact and creating a uniform flow disk, proposed in the present invention, can evenly distribute the flow of material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform flow of a disk made in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a shock attenuating device of FIG. one;

FIG. 3 depicts a functional diagram of shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform flow of a disk made in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the shock attenuating device of FIG. four;

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of another example of a shock attenuating device shown in FIG. four;

FIG. 7 is a top view of the device shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the material discharge pipe shown in FIG. four;

FIG. 9 shows a functional diagram of impact reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. four;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform flow of a disk made in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged view of a shock attenuating device of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 depicts a functional diagram of shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform disk flow made in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged view of the shock attenuating device of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a top view of the device shown in FIG. fourteen;

FIG. 16 depicts a functional diagram of shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 13;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform flow of a disk made in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 18 depicts the appearance of the device shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a structural diagram of the cylindrical member shown in FIG. eighteen;

FIG. 20 depicts a functional diagram of shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform disk flow made in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 22 is a top view of a shock attenuating plate and a discharge pipe shown in FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 depicts a functional diagram of shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 21;

FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a seventh embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform flow of a disk made in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 25 is a partially enlarged view of a shock attenuating device of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a plan view of the device shown in FIG. 25;

FIG. 27 depicts a functional diagram of shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 24;

FIG. 28 is a plan view of the device shown in FIG. 27;

FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an eighth embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform disk flow made in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a partially enlarged view of a shock attenuating device of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 is a top sectional view of the device of FIG. thirty;

FIG. 32 is a flow chart of a shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 29;

FIG. 33 is a plan view of the device shown in FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a ninth embodiment of a shock attenuating and creating a uniform disk flow made in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 35 is a partially enlarged view of a shock attenuating device of FIG. 34;

FIG. 36 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 35;

FIG. 37 depicts a functional diagram of shock reduction achieved by the shock attenuating device shown in FIG. 34;

FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating locations for measuring the temperature in the radial direction on the liquid layer in Test Examples and Embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF POSITION NUMBERS

100 - plate columns; 110 - part of the plate columns; 120 - fitting; 130 - supporting element; 140 - curved edge; 200 - pipe for discharge of material; 201 - overflow hole; 210 - upper surface; 220 - cutout surface; 230 - pipe body; 240 - strainer; 300 — shock attenuating device; 310 - plate; 311 - the first connecting element; 320 - side wall; 321 - the first serrated groove; 330 - partition; 331 - connecting hole; 340 - barrier grid; 341 - trellis plate; 342 - connecting rod; 343 - the second connecting element; 350 is a cylindrical element; 351 - through hole; 360 - plate weakening impact; 361 is a flat plate; 362 - the first curved plate; 363 - the second curved plate; 363a is a straight surface; 370 - weakening impact of the sleeve; 371 - third connecting element

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Some embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are intended only to describe and explain the invention, but should not be construed as constituting any limitation thereof.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a shock attenuating and uniform flow disk comprising a column plate 100, a material discharge pipe 200 passing through the plate 100, and a shock attenuating device 300 configured to absorb the kinetic energy of the flow obliquely falling material, and the device 300 has a guide surface configured to direct the flow of obliquely falling material for flowing along the guide over spine and vertical incidence on the plate 100, and a portion of the nozzle 200 above the tray 100 disposed overflow openings 201, and wherein said disk comprises a plurality of nozzles 200 and a plurality of devices 300, made of material with providing incident damping function for a plurality of nozzles 200.

The specified disk proposed in the invention uses the device 300 to absorb the kinetic energy of the material flow, so that the material flow can flow along the guide surface and fall on the plate 100 and form a liquid layer with a certain depth before its distribution through overflow holes 201. Thus, it is possible avoid uneven distribution of material caused by a deviation from the horizontal plate of the column. In addition, since the material flow first forms a liquid layer, and then is distributed through overflow openings 201, the impact force created by the residual kinetic energy is eliminated, and the “wave propagation” phenomenon is eliminated. Therefore, the specified disk proposed in the invention can evenly distribute the flow of material.

In use, after the material flow enters the nozzle 200 through the overflow holes 201, it can be guided through the nozzle 200 and fall vertically, so that the initial inclined state of the flow changes to a vertical state and the material falls naturally. Thus, the phenomenon of “wave propagation” of the material flow onto the liquid layer on the distribution plate under the weakening impact effect and creating a uniform flow disk is eliminated. In addition, the material flow absorbed by the device 300 falls into the plate 100 and forms a liquid layer with a uniform depth before it falls through the overflow openings 201 into the distribution plate. Thus, a smooth, stable and uniform fluid flow condition is ensured, the fluid flow condition is improved, and preliminary material distribution is realized.

In this case, there are many shock absorbing devices that can provide a cushioning function for the falling material for each of the plurality of nozzles 200. According to various embodiments of the present invention, each nozzle 200 may have its own corresponding device 300 (for example, the embodiment shown in Fig. 1), or a plurality of nozzles 200 may have the same device 300 (for example, the embodiment shown in Fig. 17). Various embodiments of the device 300 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

To provide a cushioning function for the flow of material falling obliquely from the nozzle 200, the device 300 may include a plate 310 that is located above the nozzle 200 and is configured to cover the upper end of the nozzle 200. Thus, the material flow may first fall on the plate 310, and then flow along the plate 310 and fall from the edge of the plate 310 along its side into the plate 100 of the column (in this case, the side represents the guiding surface, and the material flow is guided by the guiding surface for the vertical th flow and fall into the plate 100); thus, the plate 310 blocks the flow of material and at the same time absorbs the kinetic energy of the flow of material and prevents direct entry of the material into the pipe 200.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1-3, the device 300 includes a side wall 320 that extends upward from the edge of the plate 310. In this case, the vertical side wall 320 is a guide surface, and the material flow is directed to flow along the guide surface vertically. Thus, after the flow of material falls onto the plate 310, and the liquid layer is accumulated to a predetermined height by the side wall 320, the flow of material can flow through the side wall 320 and then fall into the plate 100 of the column. The kinetic energy of the material flow in other directions can also be eliminated except in the vertical direction, so that the material flow has only kinetic energy generated by natural incidence when the material flow falls into the plate 100 of the column.

In addition, a first toothed groove 321 may be formed on at least a portion of the upper edge of the side wall 320. Thus, the flow of material that has fallen onto the plate 310 can overflow and fall when the material accumulates to the height of the base of the teeth of the first toothed groove 321. With the first gear groove 321, the flow of material can be better controlled for uniform overflow along the device 300 through the first gear groove 321. As shown in FIG. 2, several of the first toothed grooves 321 can be arranged at an even edge on the upper edge of the side wall 320, so that material can fall evenly along the upper edge of the side wall 320.

According to another embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 4-7, 9 and 10-12, the device 300 may comprise a plurality of partitions 330 that extend upward from the plate 310 and face the flow of falling material, the partitions 330 extending from one side of the plate 310 to its other side, and between adjacent partitions 330 formed channel for unloading material. Thus, the material can fall in predetermined positions through the channels for unloading the material. In this case, the side surfaces of the plate 310 are guide surfaces, and the material flow is directed along the guide surfaces vertically.

In this case, the plurality of partitions 330 may be arranged parallel to each other, and the surfaces of their plates may be spaced apart at intervals to form a conventional channel for unloading the material. In addition, the partitions 330 extend vertically upward from the plate 310 to avoid any additional interference with the falling material, which may lead to a decrease in the efficiency of material fall.

Furthermore, it is preferable, as shown in FIG. 6 and 11, the baffle 330 has a connecting hole 331 that extends through the baffle 330 so that material can pass through adjacent channels to discharge material communicating with each other through the bore 331 with the column plate 100 at substantially the same flow rate material.

In this case, the device 300 may be installed and secured in any suitable manner. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10-12, the upper end of the nozzle 200 has a cutout, so that the upper end has an upper surface 210 and a cutout surface 220 located below the upper surface 210, and the plate 310 is connected to the upper surface 210. Thus, on the one hand, the nozzle 200 can be used as the mounting base for the device 300. On the other hand, a gas-phase channel for the material flow can be formed through the cutout, so that part of the gas-phase material in the material flow can quickly enter the pipe 200 through the cutout, and not enter through the drain holes 201 along with the rest of the material flow.

Optionally, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 4, the plate 310 is connected through the first connecting element 311 to the nozzle 200. In addition, a gap is formed between the plate 310 and the upper end of the nozzle 200, forming a gas-phase channel, so that part of the gas-phase material in the material flow can quickly enter the nozzle 200 through the gap rather than flow through overflow openings 201 along with the rest of the material flow.

According to another embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 13-16, the device 300 includes a barrier lattice 340 located above the nozzle 200. The barrier lattice 340 provides an effect similar to that of the plate 310, which can simultaneously absorb the kinetic energy of the material flow and prevent the direct flow of material into the nozzle 200.

In this case, the barrier grating 340 may comprise a plurality of lattice plates 341 that are inclined relative to the direction of the nozzle 200 and face the flow of incident material, the lattice plates 341 being parallel to each other and their plate surfaces spaced apart from each other on the inner surface. Thus, on the one hand, the grating plate 341 absorbs the kinetic energy of the material flow and prevents the direct entry of material into the pipe 200; on the other hand, the flow of material that falls onto the grating plates 341 can flow along the grating plates 341 and naturally fall from the edges of the grating plates 341 on the column plate 100. In this case, the surfaces of the grating plates 341 are guide surfaces, and the material flow is directed in a direction along the guiding surfaces to the edges of the grating plates 314, and then falls vertically in a natural way.

For ease of installation, as shown in FIG. 15, the barrier grid 340 includes a connecting rod 342 that connects the grid plates 341; thus, by installing and adjusting the connecting rod 342, the grating plates 341 can be installed and their positions can be adjusted as a whole.

Due to the fact that the flow of material that falls on the lattice plates 341 of the grating passes obliquely along the lattice plates 341 by a certain distance, the flow of material when it falls from the edges of the lattice plates 341 has a velocity and kinetic energy in other directions, in addition to vertical direction. By correctly adjusting the dimensions and angles of inclination of the grid plates 341, such undesired kinetic energy can be minimized, while the incident material is absorbed. In particular, the connecting rod 342 may be horizontally parallel to the column plate 100, and the angle "a" between the grid plates 341 and the connecting rod 342 may be from 10 ° to 170 °, preferably from 20 ° to 45 °. The width "B" of the grid plates 341 may be from 10 to 200 mm, preferably from 50 to 120 mm. The distance "L" between adjacent grid plates 341 may be from 10 to 300 mm, preferably from 50 to 150 mm.

Similarly, the nozzle 200 can be used as the mounting base for the device 300, and the barrier grill 340 is connected through the second connecting element 343 to the nozzle 200. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the connecting rod 342 is connected through the second connecting element 343 to the nozzle 200. Alternatively, some lattice plates 341 can be connected through the second element 343 to the nozzle 200. In addition, there is a gas phase gap between the grid 340 and the upper end of the nozzle 200. channel, so that part of the gas-phase material in the material stream can quickly enter the pipe 200 through the gap, and not enter through the overflow holes 201 together with the rest of the material stream.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the device 300 is mainly used to absorb the kinetic energy of the material flow, especially the kinetic energy of the material flow in other directions, except in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 17-20, the device 300 comprises a plurality of cylindrical elements 350 that are connected in series with each other, while the lower parts of the cylindrical elements 350 are connected to the surface of the plate 100, with a plurality of nozzles 200 located between adjacent cylindrical elements 350, and the vertices of the cylindrical elements 350 above, than the upper ends of the nozzles 200. Thus, when the flow of material falls, it first hits the cylindrical element 350, and its kinetic energy is eliminated; then the material slides along the side wall (guide surface) of the cylindrical element 350 to the plate 100. After the liquid layer accumulates to a predetermined height, the material flows through the overflow holes 201 in the nozzle 200. It is clear that the cylindrical element 350 provides a screening function for the nozzle for discharge of material and can essentially prevent the direct flow of material into the pipe 200, since the upper part of the cylindrical element 350 is higher than the upper end of the pipe 200.

In this case, in order to avoid an increase in kinetic energy in any direction other than the vertical direction, when the material flow is guided with sliding along the side wall of the cylindrical element 350, the element 350 is located perpendicular to the surface of the plate.

In addition, preferably, the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical element 350 has a through hole 351 passing through it, so that the cylindrical elements 350, which are aligned with each other, are in fluid connection with each other and, therefore, the material flowing between the different elements 350 can enter into respective nozzles 200 at substantially the same flow rate.

To form a uniform liquid layer on the plate 100, there are a plurality of through holes 351 that are located in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical element 350. In addition, the height of the through holes 351 can correspond to the height of the overflow holes 201 to ensure that the layers of liquid in the locations of the various nozzles 200 same in real time.

In order to provide a good cushioning function of the material, the dimensions of the cylindrical elements 350 can be properly calculated. For example, the distance between adjacent two cylindrical elements 350 may be 0.5-1.5 times greater than the height of the cylindrical element 350, preferably 0.8-1.1 times greater than the height of the cylindrical element 350.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the device 300 may comprise a shock attenuating plate 360 located on the side of the nozzle 200, which faces the falling material, the upper part of the plate 360 being higher than the upper end of the nozzle 200. The incident material flow first enters the plate 360 (the surface of the plate 360 is a guide surface) and slides along the plate 360 to the plate 100 of the column, and then enters the pipe 200 through the overflow holes 201.

Since the plate 360 is located on the side of the nozzle 200, which is facing the falling material, then, on the one hand, the plate 360 provides the effect of absorbing the kinetic energy of the obliquely incident material flow; on the other hand, the plate 360 may shield the nozzle 200 to prevent the direct entry of material into the nozzle 200.

As a consequence, in order to avoid an increase in kinetic energy in any direction other than the vertical direction, when the flow of material is directed sliding down the plate 360, preferably the plate 360 is perpendicular to the surface of the column plate.

To provide a shielding effect for the nozzle 200, the plate 360 may be attached to the upper part of the nozzle 200.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 21-23, the plate 360 is a flat plate 361. According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 24-28, the plate 360 is a first curved plate 362 that spans the nozzle 200. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 to 28, overflow openings 201 can be located anywhere on the nozzle 200, with the material flowing down along the flat plate 361 or the first curved plate 362, after it hits the flat plate 361 or the first curved plate 362, so that the layer liquid accumulates, and then the material flows through overflow openings 201 into the nozzle 200.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 29-33, the plate 360 is a second curved plate 363, which covers the nozzle 200, and the end of the curved edge of the second curved plate 363 has a straight surface 363a, which directs the flow of material inward, and the overflow holes 201 are located on the section of the nozzle 200 at a distance from the second curved plate 363, with the upper end of the second curved plate 363 not lower than the upper end of the nozzle 200. Thus, the incident flow of material first flows onto the second curved plate 363 and is directed downward into ol second curved plate 363 to the plate 100 of the column, and then the material flow is directed straight surface 363a to pass into the space covered by a second curved plate 363, and flows into the pipe 200 through the overflow openings 201, 200 formed in the pipe.

In this case, the upper end of the second curved plate 363 is not lower than the upper end of the nozzle 200, that is, the upper end of the second curved plate 363 can be flush with the upper end of the nozzle 200 or higher. In the case where the upper end of the second curved plate 363 is higher than the upper end of the nozzle 200, the second curved plate 363 not only can provide a function of absorbing kinetic energy, but can also shield the upper end of the nozzle 200 to prevent direct material from entering the nozzle 200.

According to another embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 34-37, the device 300 comprises a shock attenuating sleeve 370, which is inserted above the upper part of the nozzle 200, the upper part of the sleeve 370 being higher than the upper part of the nozzle 200, and there is a lateral gap between the sleeve 370 and the nozzle 200. Thus, the flow of falling material enters the sleeve 370 and slides down along the side wall (guide surface) of the sleeve 370 in the plate 100 of the column, and then enters the pipe 200 through overflow holes 201.

In particular, since the sleeve 370 is mounted above the upper part of the nozzle 200 and as a continuation of the nozzle 200, the material flow will be essentially blocked by the sleeve 370 and thereby slide down along the sleeve 370, and even the material flow that enters the sleeve 370 will blocked and will slide along the inner wall of the sleeve 370, and then pass through the lateral gap between the sleeve 370 and the pipe 200 and fall into the plate 100 of the column. Thus, the situation where the material flow directly enters the nozzle 200 is virtually eliminated. In addition, by creating a lateral gap between the sleeve 370 and the nozzle 200, a gas-phase channel can be formed, while a part of the gas-phase material in the material flow can quickly enter the nozzle 200 from the upper end of the pipe 200 through the gap, and not through the overflow holes 201 together with the rest of the material flow.

In this case, the sleeve 370 can be attached by means of a third connecting element 371 to the nozzle 200. The third connecting element 371 can have any suitable shape, such as the shape of a rod, provided that it can connect the sleeve 370 and the nozzle 200 to leave a gap between them.

In addition, it is preferable that the edge of the upper end of the sleeve 370 could be located in the second toothed groove. Due to the implementation of the second gear groove, when the material flow falling obliquely is absorbed, one part of the material flow can hit the outer wall on one side of the sleeve 370 and fall along the outer wall, while the other part of the material flow can pass through the gap between the teeth of the second gear groove hit the inner wall on the opposite side of the sleeve 370 and fall along the inner wall; in this way, the part of the material flow that can be self-absorbing is divided into two parts, i.e., the part blocked by the outer wall and the part blocked by the inner wall, i.e. the radial direction of the aforementioned separation of the sleeve 370 on one side and the opposite side; in addition, in two parts that are blocked by the outer wall and the inner wall, the material flow will fall at a horizontal interval, and therefore, the effect on the liquid layer on the plate 100 of the column is reduced.

In this embodiment, the sleeve 370 may be connected to the upper end of the nozzle 200 or may partially overlap with the upper part of the nozzle 200 in the axial direction. The aforementioned effect of the amortization of the material flow can be achieved by calculating the radial size of the sleeve 370 and the size of the part that is higher than the pipe 200.

In addition, preferably, the nozzle 200 described in the present invention may be a design that acts as a filter to provide a pre-filtering effect for the flow of material that enters the nozzle 200 through overflow openings 201. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle 200 may be formed by a mesh filter element, and the mesh of the mesh filter element may serve as overflow holes 201. Optionally, for convenience from maintenance, the nozzle 200 may include a housing 230 and a strainer 240 wrapped around the circumference of the housing 230 of the nozzle. While the overflow openings 201 are located in the nozzle body 230, the strainer 240 may cover the overflow openings 201. Thus, if the strainer 240 is clogged, it can be replaced or removed for cleaning. For ease of installation and maintenance, the strainer 240 may have an annular portion that is made of elastic material and is attached to the pipe 230. Thus, the strainer 240 can be installed or removed by elastic deformation of the ring element in the radial direction.

In addition, for ease of installation, the plate 100 of the column can be performed as a node. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, 4, 10, 13, 17, 21, 24, 29, and 34, the plate 100 contains a plurality of parts 110 that are assembled using a fitting 120 to form the surface of the column plate, while the column plate 100 further comprises supporting elements 130 that support plate surface.

In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, 4, 10, 13, 21, 24, 29, and 34, a plurality of shock attenuating devices can be arranged, and the nozzle 200 corresponds to each of these nozzles to provide a material damping function for all nozzles 200. Moreover, the nozzle 200 and the corresponding devices 300 may be distributed on a plate 100 in accordance with the relevant rule. For example, pipe 200 and associated devices 300 may be arranged in a triangular, quadrangular, or circular configuration. In the preferred case, in order to cover the area above the plate 100 of the column, as possible, with the least number of devices 300, the pipe 200 and the corresponding devices 300 can be located in an equilateral triangular configuration.

To allow the flow of material that has fallen into the column plate 100 to successfully enter the pipe 200 through the overflow holes 201, the positions of the overflow openings 201 can be selected appropriately, and the edges of the column plate can be made with curved edges 140 that are curved upward to form required fluid layer. The distance from the center line of the overflow openings 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 may be 5-100 mm, preferably 30-50 mm, and the height of the curved edge 140 may be 5-100 mm, preferably 30-50 mm.

In addition, the dimensions of the overflow openings 201 may be appropriately selected to ensure that material flow can pass through the nozzle 200 at a desired flow rate and rate. For example, the total cross-sectional area of the overflow openings 201 of each nozzle 200 may be from 10% to 100% of the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 200, preferably from 30% to 50% of the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 200. In addition, the diameter of the nozzle 200 may be from 10 to 200 mm, preferably 20 to 110 mm. The height of the nozzle 200 may be from 20 to 300 mm, preferably from 50 to 120 mm.

Specific designs and parameters can be calculated as required for various embodiments. In particular:

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the cross-sectional area of the plate 310 may be 1 to 10 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 200, preferably 2 to 5 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 200. The plate 310 may have a circular disk structure or a polygonal structure; in particular, the plate 310 may be a circular disk structure, a rhombic disk structure, a triangular disk structure, a square structure or a trapezoidal disk structure, preferably a circular disk structure with a diameter of 40 to 300 mm, preferably 60 to 120 mm. Between the lower edge of the plate 310 and the uppermost edge of the nozzle 200 there is a gap that serves to form the gas-phase channel described above. The gap may be from 5 to 200 mm, preferably from 10 to 50 mm. The height of the side walls 320 of the plate 310 may be from 5 to 80 mm, preferably from 30 to 50 mm. The first serrated groove 321 may have a triangular, quadrangular or arcuate shape, preferably a triangular shape. The height of the first toothed groove 321 may be from 5% to 100% of the height of the side walls 320, preferably from 30% to 60% of the height of the side walls 320.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the height of the partition 330 may be 5 to 200 mm, preferably 30 to 80 mm, and the distance between adjacent partitions 330 may be 5 to 100 mm, preferably 20 to 80 mm. The lower edge of the separation partition 330 is connected to the upper surface of the plate 310 without a gap, or the connecting hole 331 is located on the lower edge of the partition 330, and the distance from the center line of the hole 331 to the upper surface of the plate 310 does not exceed 30% of the height of the partition 330, and the holes 331 in adjacent two partitions 330 are staggered, offset from each other in the horizontal direction to avoid the flow of material along a straight line and uneven distribution as a result of straight all openings 331. Foot arrangement in this case, the hole 331 may have a polygonal shape (in particular, a triangular or quadrangular shape), a semicircular shape or a circular shape, preferably semicircular. The normal line passing through the center point of the partition 330 in the length direction is perpendicular to the center line of the nozzle 200 and intersects with it. Between the lower surface of the plate 310 and the uppermost edge of the nozzle 200 there is a gap, and the gap may be from 10 to 200 mm, preferably from 30 to 80 mm. The axial line of the device 300 may extend along or not along the axial line of the nozzle 200, preferably along the axial line of the nozzle 200. The nozzle 200 may be made of a Johnson screen or made of a metal tubular body 230 wrapped externally with a strainer 240, and one may be located or several layers of strainers 240. In the case where the nozzle 200 is made of a Johnson screen, the distance between the grooves can be from 0.01 to 0.1 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 0.8 mm; in the case when the pipe 200 is made of a tubular body 230, wrapped externally with a strainer 240, the overflow holes 201 are located in the tubular body 230 with a porosity of from 1% to 25%, preferably from 15% to 20%; the mesh number of the strainer 240 may be from 20 to 300 mesh, preferably from 50 to 120 mesh.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the design and parameters of the device 300 are similar to the design in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, with an obliquely extending cutout forming an oval cross-section at the upper end of the nozzle 200, and the angle between the cross-section of the notch at the upper end and the horizontal plane can be from 5 ° to 70 °, preferably from 20 ° to 45 °.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the overall horizontal protruding shape of the barrier grid 340 is a quadrangular or circular shape (for example, formed by a quadrangular notch). In the case of a round shape, the shape of the horizontal protruding grating plate 341 may have a diameter of from 40 to 300 mm, preferably from 60 to 120 mm. The barrier grill 340 comprises a plurality of grid plates 341 and a connecting rod 342, wherein the plurality of grid plates 341 are connected together by a connecting rod 342, the connecting rod 342 extending horizontally and the angle between the lattice plates 341 and the connecting rod 342 can be from 10 ° to 170 °, preferably from 20 ° to 45 °. The width of the grid plates 341 may be from 10 to 200 mm, preferably from 50 to 120 mm; the distance between adjacent grid plates 341 may be from 10 to 300 mm, preferably from 50 to 150 mm.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the cylindrical elements 350 may be arranged in a concentric manner on the column plate 100, wherein the cylindrical elements 350 may be arranged in 2 to 30 layers, preferably 8 to 20 layers; the height of the cylindrical elements 350 may be from 10 to 400 mm, preferably from 80 to 200 mm; several through holes 351 are located at the lower edge of the cylindrical element 350, while the through holes 351 may have a semicircular, round, quadrangular or inverted triangular configuration, preferably a semicircular configuration; the total cross-sectional area of the through holes 351 located in each cylindrical element 350 may be from 0.5 to 1.8 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the reactor inlet pipe, preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe a reactor; the circumferential distance between two adjacent through holes 351 located in each cylindrical element 350 may be from 30 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 50 mm to 120 mm; the distance in the radial direction between two adjacent through holes 351 can be from 0.5 to 1.5 times the height of the through holes 351, preferably from 0.8 to 1.1 times the height of the through holes 351.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, the impact attenuating plate 360 is a strip-shaped plate, the strip-shaped plate having a width of 20 to 300 mm, preferably 80 to 200 mm; the length of the strip-shaped plate may be from 50 to 300 mm, preferably from 80 to 220 mm.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, the plate 360 is a plate bent symmetrically, and the bending angle of the plate 360 is usually from 15 ° to 180 °, preferably from 90 ° to 120 °; the total length of the side of the plate 360 may be from 20 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 60 mm to 120 mm; the height of the plate 360 is usually from 30 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 60 mm to 120 mm. The lower edge of the plate 360 is connected to the upper edge of the nozzle 200, or the plate 360 may partially overlap with the nozzle 200. In the case where the lower edge of the plate 360 is overlapped by the nozzle 200, the height of the overlapped section can be from 10% to 100% of the height of the nozzle 200, preferably from 5 to 20% of the height of the nozzle 200. The central plane of the bending angle of the plate 360 passes through the center line of the nozzle 200.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 29, the plate 360 is a plate bent symmetrically, the bending angle of the plate 360 is usually from 15 ° to 180 °, preferably from 90 ° to 120 °, and the total length of the side of the plate 360 is usually from 20 mm to 200 mm, preferably from 60 mm to 120 mm. The upper edge of the plate 360 is flush with or slightly higher than the upper edge of the nozzle 200, and the height of the part above the upper edge of the nozzle 200 usually does not exceed 30% of the height of the nozzle 200 (the part located above the column plate). In the present invention, the upper edge of the plate 360 is usually more than 60 mm higher than the upper end surface of the nozzle 200. In the case where the upper edge of the plate 360 is higher than the upper edge of the nozzle 200, the lower edge of the plate 360 is usually attached to the upper surface of the column plate 100. In this case, the central plane of the bending angle of the plate 360 passes through the axial line of the nozzle 200.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 34, the height of the shock attenuating sleeve 370 is typically 30 to 400 mm, preferably 100 to 300 mm; the diameter of the sleeve 370 is usually from 30 to 260 mm, preferably from 80 to 150 mm. Preferably, the second serrated groove 321 is located in the hole at the upper edge of the sleeve 370, the second serrated groove having a triangular, rectangular or arcuate shape, preferably a triangular shape. The height of the second toothed groove may be from 1% to 20% of the height of the sleeve 370, preferably from 2% to 10% of the height of the sleeve 370. In the horizontal direction between the sleeve 370 and the pipe 200 (for example, located concentrically) there is a gap serving as gas-phase channel, and the gap width is usually from 5 to 200 mm, preferably from 10 to 50 mm The cross-sectional area of the sleeve 370 may be 1 to 8 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200, preferably 2 to 6 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200. The lower edge of the sleeve 370 is connected to the upper edge of the pipe 200, or the sleeve 370 overlaps with the pipe 200 to increase the mounting strength of the sleeve 370 and reduce the overall height of the device 300 and the nozzle 200. In the case where the sleeve 370 partially overlaps with the nozzle 200, the height of the overlapped section is usually from 5% to 30% of the height of the nozzle 200, preferably about t 10% to 25% of the height of the nozzle 200.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to a reactor that comprises an inlet diffuser and shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disk according to the present invention, said disk being located in the upper lid of the reactor or on the upper end of the reactor vessel, and the inlet the diffuser is configured to feed material to the specified disk.

The obliquely incident material flow provided by the inlet diffuser enters the column plate 100 and first forms a liquid layer with a certain height, and then is distributed through the overflow holes 201. In this way, an uneven distribution of material caused by a deviation from the horizontal position of the column plate can be avoided. In addition, since the material flow first forms a liquid layer, and then is distributed through the overflow openings 201, the impact force generated by the residual kinetic energy is eliminated, and the “wave propagation” phenomenon is eliminated. Therefore, the reactor proposed in the present invention can evenly distribute the flow of material through a weakening impact and creating a uniform flow disk and, thereby, increase the efficiency of the subsequent reaction.

In addition, in order to evenly distribute the material flow in the upper position of the reactor, said disk is placed on the upper end of the reactor vessel above the uppermost distribution plate of the reactor.

The reactor of the invention may be of the appropriate type if it has an inlet diffuser or an obliquely incident material flow. For example, the reactor may be a hydrogenation reactor.

In the future, the advantages of the reactor proposed in the invention will be described with reference to embodiments and Control examples.

Reference Example 1

They use a hydrogenation reactor, the diameter of the reactor is 3.2 m, the space in the upper cover is free, the upper distribution plate is located at the entrance to the uppermost catalyst bed, the traditional gas distribution liquid-liquid distributor ERI with bubble caps is used in the upper distribution plate, coking naphtha is the raw material for hydrogenation, the catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst FGH-21 from the Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute, operating conditions in the reactor: partial yes the phenomenon of hydrogen: 2.0 MPa, space velocity: 2.0 h ^-1 , volume ratio of hydrogen to oil: 300: 1, temperature at the inlet of the reactor: 280 ° C.

Example 1

Compared to Control Example 1, in Example 1 of the present invention, the shock attenuating device 300 in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, is located in the space in the upper cover of the hydrogenation reactor and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge material from a traditional gas-liquid ERI dispenser with bubble caps, and overflow holes 201 are located in nozzles 200 for material discharge. Parameters of device 300: plate 310 - round disc design with a diameter of 120 mm; the height of the side walls 320 is 30 mm; on the side wall 320, a first triangular groove 321 is located, and the height of the first gear groove 321 is 30% of the height of the side wall 320. The gap between the lower edge of the plate 310 and the upper edge of the nozzle 200 is 40 mm; the number of devices 300 is equal to the number of nozzles 200, and the axial line of the plate 310 coincides with the center line of the nozzles 200, the cross-sectional area of the plate 310 is 2 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 200.

Example 2

This example is essentially the same as in Embodiment 1, but a conventional ERI gas-liquid distributor is not used in the hydrogenation reactor; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The height of the pipe 200 to discharge material is 120 mm; in the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 50 mm, and the height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 1 and 2 and in Test Example 1 are shown in Table 1, and the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 2

Compared with Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 4.6 m, the catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst FH-5A from the Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute, and the operating conditions of the reactor: partial pressure of hydrogen: 6.5 MPa, volumetric speed: 1.5 h ^-1 , the volume ratio of hydrogen and oil: 400: 1, the temperature at the inlet of the reactor: 320 ° C.

Example 3

Compared to Control Example 2, in Example 3 of the present invention, the shock attenuating device 300 in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 is located in the space of the top cover of the hydrogenation reactor and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge the material of a conventional gas-liquid ERI dispenser with bubble caps, and overflow openings are located in the pipes for material discharge. The parameters of the device 300 are as follows: the plate 310 is a circular disk structure with a diameter of 120 mm; height of partitions 330: 50 mm; distance between adjacent partitions 330: 80 mm; the holes 331 are semicircular, the diameter of the semicircular hole extends in the vertical direction, the distance from the center of the hole to the plate 310 is 20% of the height of the partitions 330, the holes 331 in the adjacent two partitions 330 are offset from each other in the horizontal direction. The gap between the lower edge of the plate 310 and the upper edge of the pipe 200 to discharge material is 30 mm; the number of devices 300 is equal to the number of nozzles 200, and the axial line of the plate 310 coincides with the center line of the nozzles 200.

Example 4

This example is essentially the same as Example 3, but the traditional gas-liquid ERI distributor is not used in the hydrogenation reactor; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. The height of the pipe 200 to discharge material is 300 mm; the pipe 200 is made of a Johnson screen with a diameter of 80 mm, and the distance between the grooves is 0.2 mm; the height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

Example 5

This example is essentially the same as Example 3, but the material discharge pipe is made of a metal tubular body 230 wrapped externally with strainers 240, overflow openings 201 with a porosity of 15% are located in pipe 230, pipe 230 is wrapped with two layers of strainers 240 and the number of mesh filters 240 is 100 mesh.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 3-5 and in Test Example 2 are shown in Table 2, and the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 3

Compared to Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 4.6 m, the raw materials for hydrogenation are diesel fuel, the density of diesel fuel is 860 kg / m3, and the sulfur content in diesel fuel is 1.7 mass. %, the catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst RS-2000, operating conditions in the reactor: partial pressure of hydrogen: 6.8 MPa (G), space velocity: 1.9 h ^-1 , volume ratio of hydrogen to oil: 400: 1, and temperature at the entrance to the reactor: 365 ° C.

Example 6

Compared to Control Example 3, in Example 6 of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 10, a shock attenuating device 300 is located in a space in the top cover of the hydrogenation reactor and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge material from a conventional gas-liquid ERI dispenser with bubble caps, with overflow openings in the material discharge pipes. The parameters of the device 300 are as follows: the plate 310 is a circular disk structure with a diameter of 120 mm; height of partitions 330: 50 mm; the distance between adjacent partitions 330 is 80 mm, the holes 331 made in the form of a groove are located between the lower part of the partition 330 and the upper part of the plate 310, and the height of the groove is 20 mm. A cut with an oval cross section is formed by an inclined cut at the upper end of the pipe 200 to discharge material, and the cross section of the cut is located at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane; the number of devices 300 is equal to the number of nozzles 200, and the axial line of the plate 310 coincides with the center line of the nozzles 200.

Example 7

This example is essentially the same as Example 6, but the traditional ERI gas-liquid distributor is not used in the hydrogenation reactor; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10. The height of the nozzle 200 for the discharge of material is 100 mm, and the diameter is 50 mm; in the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 30 mm; the height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 6 and 7 and Control Example 3 are shown in Table 3, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 4

Compared to Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 3.0 m, the hydrogenation feed is a naphtha fraction, the catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst FGH-21 from the Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute, and the operating conditions of the reactor: working pressure: 1.85 MPa, space velocity: 2.5 h ^-1 , volume ratio of hydrogen to oil: 355: 1, and temperature at the inlet of the reactor: 285 ° C.

Example 9

Compared to Control Example 4, in Example 9 of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 13, a shock attenuating device 300 is located in a space in the upper lid of the hydrogenation reactor and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge material from a conventional gas-liquid ERI dispenser with bubble caps, with overflow openings in the material discharge pipes. The parameters of the device 300 are as follows: there is a space between the lower surface of the barrier lattice and the uppermost edge of the pipe for material discharge, the height of the space being 50 mm. Each barrier lattice 340 contains 6 lattice plates 341 and 1 connecting rod 342, and the lattice plates 341 are parallel to each other in the horizontal direction and are inclined at an angle of inclination of 30 ° relative to the horizontal plane. The cross-section of the grating plate 341 is rectangular, and the width of the grating plate 341 is 100 mm, and the distance between adjacent barrier gratings 340 is 100 mm.

Example 10

This embodiment is essentially the same as Example 9, but the ERI gas-liquid distributor is not used in the hydrogenation reactor; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13. The height of the pipe 200 for discharge of material is 120 mm, in the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 50 mm. The height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 9 and 10 and in Test Example 4 are shown in Table 4, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 5

Compared to Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 4.6 m, the hydrogenation feed is diesel oil, the catalyst is the FH-5A hydrotreating catalyst from the Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute, and the reactor operating conditions: hydrogen partial pressure : 6.5 MPa, space velocity: 1.5 h ^-1 , the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil: 400: 1, and the temperature at the inlet of the reactor: 320 ° C.

Example 11

Compared to Control Example 5, in Example 11 of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 17, the impact attenuating device 300 is located in a space in the top cover of the hydrogenation reactor and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge material of a conventional gas-liquid ERI dispenser with bubble caps, with overflow openings in the material discharge pipes. The parameters of the device 300 are as follows: cylindrical elements 350 are concentric and attached to the plate of the column by welding, and the height of the cylindrical elements 350 is 80 mm; semicircular holes are arranged as through holes 351 on the lower edge of the cylindrical element 350, and the total cross-sectional area of the through holes 351 in each cylindrical element 350 is 0.8 of the cross-sectional area of the reactor inlet; the circumferential distance between two adjacent through holes 351 in each cylindrical element 350 is 50 mm; the distance in the radial direction between adjacent cylindrical elements 350 is 0.8 of the height of the cylindrical elements 350.

Example 12

This example is essentially the same as Example 11, but the traditional gas-liquid distributor ERI is not used; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17. The height of the pipe 200 to discharge material is 120 mm; in the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 50 mm. The height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 11 and 12 and Test Example 5 are shown in Table 5, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 6

Compared to Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 4.6 m, the feedstock for hydrogenation is diesel fuel, the density of diesel fuel is 860 kg / m ³ , and the sulfur content in diesel fuel is 1.7 mass. %; the catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst RS-2000; operating conditions: partial pressure of hydrogen: 6.8 MPa (G), space velocity: 1.9 h ^-1 , volume ratio of hydrogen to oil: 400: 1, and temperature at the inlet to the reactor: 365 ° C.

Example 13

Compared to Control Example 6, in Example 13 of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 21, a shock attenuating device 300 is located in a space in the upper lid of the hydrogenation reactor and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge material from a conventional gas-liquid ERI dispenser with bubble caps, with overflow openings in the material discharge pipes. The parameters of the device 300 are as follows: the height of the shock attenuating plate 360 is 40% of the total height of the plate 360 and the nozzle 200 for material discharge, the width of the plate 360 is 50 mm, and the length of the plate 360 is 80 mm.

Example 14

This embodiment is essentially the same as Example 13, but the ERI gas-liquid distributor is not used; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 21. The height of the pipe 200

for dumping material is 50 mm; in the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 40 mm. The height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 13 and 14 and in Test Example 6 are shown in Table 6, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 7

Compared to Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 4.6 m, the raw material for hydrogenation is diesel fuel, the density of which is 860 kg / m ³ , and its sulfur content is 1.7 mass. %; the catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst RS-2000; operating conditions: partial pressure of hydrogen: 6.8 MPa (G), space velocity: 1.9 h ^-1 , volume ratio of hydrogen to oil: 400: 1, and temperature at the inlet to the reactor: 365 ° C.

Example 15

Compared to Control Example 7, in Example 15 of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 24, a shock attenuating device 300 is located in a space in the upper lid of the hydrogenation reactor and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge material from a conventional gas-liquid ERI dispenser with bubble caps, with overflow openings in the material discharge pipes. The parameters of the device 300 are as follows: the bending angle of the shock attenuating plate 360 is 120 °; the 360 plate is bent symmetrically, and the total length of the side is 120 mm; the height of the plate 360 is 60 mm. The plate 360 partially overlaps with the pipe 200 to discharge material, and the height of the overlapped part is 20% of the height of the pipe 200.

Example 16

This embodiment is essentially the same as Example 15, but the ERI gas-liquid distributor is not used; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 24. The height of the pipe 200 to discharge material is 120 mm; in the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 50 mm. The height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 15 and 16 and in Test Example 7 are shown in Table 7, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 8

Compared to Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 4.6 m and contains three catalyst beds. Between the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer, a uniformly perforated column spray plate (i.e., a flat perforated column plate structure) of the prior art is located between the hydrogen cryogenic block and the redistribution plate. Similarly, a flat perforated column plate design is also used between the second layer and the third catalyst layer, between the hydrogen cryogenic block and the redistributing plate, the column plate having uniformly distributed circular holes of 3 mm diameter and the porosity of the column plate is 8%. The raw material for hydrogenation is wax oil (with a sulfur content of 2.0 wt.%), The catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst 3936, operating conditions: partial pressure of hydrogen: 9.0 MPa (G), space velocity: 1.5 h ^-1 , volumetric hydrogen to oil ratio: 700: 1, and reactor inlet temperature: 260 ° C.

Example 17

Compared to Control Example 8, in Example 17 of the present invention, the flat perforated column plate structure is replaced by a shock attenuating and uniform flow disc shown in FIG. 29, and the parameters of the specified disk: the bending angle of the shock attenuating plate 360 is 90 °, the plate 360 is bent symmetrically, and the total side length is 60 mm. The height of the plate 360 is equal to the height of the portion of the nozzle 200 for discharge of material protruding above the plate 100 of the column, the central plane of the bending angle of the plate 360 passes through the center line of the nozzle 200, and the height of the nozzle 200 is 60 mm In the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 20 mm. The height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding impact-weakening devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction at the entrances to the second layer and the third layer in Example 17 and in Test Example 8 are shown in Table 8, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Reference Example 8

Compared to Control Example 1, the differences are as follows: the reactor has a diameter of 3.0 m, the upper distribution plate is located at the entrance to the uppermost catalyst bed, the naphtha fraction is the hydrogenation feed, the catalyst is the FGH-21 hydrotreating catalyst from the Fushun Petrochemical Scientific Research Institute, reactor operating conditions: operating pressure: 1.85 MPa, space velocity: 2.5 h ^-1 , volume ratio of hydrogen to oil: 355: 1, and reactor inlet temperature: 285 ° C.

Example 18

Compared to Test Example 9, Example 18 of the present invention uses the shock attenuating device 300 shown in FIG. 34, and is used in combination with column plates and nozzles to discharge material from a conventional ERI gas-liquid distributor with bubble caps, and overflow openings are located in material nozzles. The parameters of the device 300 are as follows: the height of the shock attenuating sleeve 370 is 300 mm; the diameter of the sleeve 370 is 150 mm; a triangular serrated groove is located on the upper edge of the sleeve 370, and the height of the serrated groove is 10% of the height of the sleeve 370. The sleeve 370 is concentrically worn over the pipe 200 to discharge material, and the gap between them in the horizontal direction is 30 mm; the cross-sectional area of the sleeve 370 is 5 times larger than the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200, the lower part of the sleeve 370 partially overlapping with the pipe 200 in the axial direction, while the height of the overlapping part is 20% of the height of the pipe 200, the height of the pipe 200 is 120 mm; in the wall of the pipe 200 in the horizontal direction there are two round overflow holes 201, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow holes 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the pipe 200; the distance from the center line of the overflow hole 201 to the upper surface of the column plate 100 is 50 mm. The height of the curved edge 140 is 50 mm. The plate 100 of the column is assembled from 9 parts 110, each of which has two nozzles 200 and corresponding devices 300. The nozzles 200 and the corresponding devices 300 are arranged in a triangular configuration on the plate 100 of the column.

Example 19

This example is essentially the same as Example 18, but the ERI gas-liquid distributor is not used; instead, a shock attenuating and uniformly flowing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 34.

The temperature values and the values of the temperature difference in the radial direction in the layers in Examples 18 and 19 and in Test Example 9 are shown in Table 9, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Claims (37)

1. A disk for uniform distribution of material flow, comprising: a plate (100) of columns a pipe (200) for discharge of material passing through the plate (100), and a device (300) that attenuates impact and is configured to absorb the kinetic energy of an obliquely incident material stream, wherein said device (300) has a guide surface configured to direct an obliquely incident material stream to pass along the guide surface and fall into the column plate (100), and in part of the specified pipe (200) above the plate (100) of the column are overflow holes (201), wherein said disk contains a plurality of said nozzles (200) and a plurality of said devices (300) configured to provide a function of cushioning the falling material for said set of said nozzles (200). 2. A disk according to claim 1, wherein said device (300) comprises a plate (310) located above said nozzle (200) and configured to cover the upper end of said nozzle (200). 3. The disk according to claim 2, wherein said device (300) comprises a side wall (320) extending upward from the edge of the plate (310). 4. The disk according to claim 3, in which at least part of the upper edge of the side wall (320) is the first toothed groove (321). 5. The disk according to claim 2, wherein said device (300) comprises a plurality of partitions (330) that extend upward from the plate (310) and face the flow of falling material, wherein the partition (330) extends from one side of the plate (310) to the other side of the plate (310), and between adjacent partitions (330) a channel is formed for unloading the material. 6. The disk according to claim 5, in which the partitions of the plurality of partitions (330) are parallel to each other, and the surfaces of their plates are spaced from each other at intervals and / or partitions (330) extend vertically upward from the plate (310). 7. The disk according to claim 5, in which the partition (330) has a connecting hole (331) passing through the partition (330). 8. The disk according to claim 7, in which the upper end of the specified pipe (200) has a cutout, so that the upper end has an upper surface (210) and a cutout surface (220) located below the upper surface (210), and the plate (310) connected to the upper surface (210). 9. The disk according to claim 2, in which the plate (310) is connected to the specified pipe (200) through the first connecting element (311) and / or between the plate (310) and the upper end of the pipe (200) there is a gap. 10. The disk according to claim 1, wherein said device (300) comprises a barrier grating (340) located above said nozzle (200). 11. The disk according to claim 10, in which the barrier lattice (340) contains a plurality of lattice plates (341), which are inclined relative to the direction of passage of the specified pipe (200) and face the flow of falling material, and the plate of the specified set of lattice plates (341) are parallel to each other, and their surfaces are spaced from each other at intervals. 12. The disk according to claim 11, in which the barrier grating (340) contains a connecting rod (342), which connects the specified set of lattice plates (341). 13. The disk according to claim 10, in which the barrier lattice (340) is connected to the specified pipe (200) through the second connecting element (343) and / or between the barrier lattice (340) and the upper end of the pipe (200) there is a gap. 14. The disk according to claim 1, wherein said device (300) comprises a plurality of cylindrical elements (350) that are successively worn on top of each other, the lower parts of the cylindrical elements (350) connected to the surface of the plate (100) of the column, said set nozzles (200) are located between adjacent cylindrical elements (350), and the upper part of the cylindrical element (350) is located above the upper end of the specified nozzle (200). 15. The disk according to claim 14, in which the cylindrical elements (350) are located perpendicular to the surface of the plate. 16. The disk according to claim 14, in which the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical element (350) has a through hole (351) passing through it. 17. The disk according to claim 16, in which a plurality of through holes (351) are located around the circumference around the cylindrical element (350) and / or the height of the through holes (351) corresponds to the height of the overflow holes (201). 18. The disk according to claim 1, wherein said device (300) comprises a shock attenuating plate (360) made on the side of said pipe (200) that faces the falling material, with the upper part of said plate (360) being higher the upper end of the specified pipe (200). 19. The disk according to claim 18, in which the specified plate (360), weakening the impact, is perpendicular to the surface of the plate of the column. 20. The disk according to claim 19, in which the specified plate (360), weakening the impact, is attached to the upper part of the specified pipe (200), and the specified plate (360) is a flat plate (361) or the specified plate (360) is a first curved plate (362), which covers the specified pipe (200). 21. The disk according to claim 19, in which the specified plate (360), weakening the impact, is a second curved plate (363), which covers the specified pipe (200), and the end of the curved edge of the second curved plate (363) has a straight surface (363a), which guides the material flowing inward, with overflow openings (201) located on a part of said pipe (200) away from the second curved plate (363), and the upper end of the second curved plate (363) is not lower than the upper end of the specified branch pipe (200). 22. The disk according to claim 1, wherein said device (300) comprises a shock attenuating sleeve placed over the top of said nozzle (200), the upper part of the shock attenuating sleeve (370) being higher than the upper part of said nozzle, and between the specified sleeve (370) and the specified pipe (200) there is a lateral gap. 23. The disk according to claim 22, wherein said sleeve (370) is attached to said pipe (200) through a third connecting element (371) and / or an edge of the upper end of said sleeve (370) has a second toothed groove. 24. Disk according to any one of paragraphs. 1-23, in which the specified pipe (200) is a design that performs a filter function. 25. The disk according to claim 24, wherein said pipe (200) is formed by a filter mesh element or said pipe (200) comprises a housing (230) and a mesh filter (240) wrapped around the circumference of the pipe housing (230). 26. Disk according to any one of paragraphs. 1-23, in which the plate (100) of the column contains many parts (110) that form the surface of the plate (100) of the column using the fitting (120), and the plate (100) of the column further comprises a support element (130) that supports the surface dishes. 27. Disk according to any one of paragraphs. 1-13 and 18-23, in which there are many of these devices (300), corresponding to each of these pipes (200). 28. Disk according to any one of paragraphs. 1-23, in which the edges of the plate columns are made with curved edges (140), which are bent up. 29. A reactor for uniform distribution of material flow, characterized in that it contains an inlet diffuser and a disk for uniform distribution of material flow according to any one of paragraphs. 1-28, in which the specified disk is located in the upper cover of the reactor or on the upper end of the reactor vessel, and the inlet diffuser is configured to supply material to the specified disk. 30. The reactor of claim 29, wherein said disk is located at the upper end of the reactor vessel and above the uppermost distribution plate of the reactor. 31. The reactor according to p. 29 or 30, which is a hydrogenation reactor.

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