RU2667408C1 - Method of adaptive regulation of thermal consumption of the building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: data processing; heat exchange.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technologies for controlling and regulating the temperature of buildings using electrical means and can be used for automatic control systems for heating buildings with central water heating.EFFECT: disclosed methodology for calculating the required heat output and the algorithm of "self-learning" (adaptation to changing conditions) allow to increase the energy efficiency of the building.3 cl

Description

The invention relates to technologies for controlling and controlling the temperature of buildings using electrical means, and can be used for automatic control systems (ATS) for heating buildings with central water heating to solve energy-saving problems.

To assess the novelty of the claimed solution, we consider a number of well-known technical devices of a similar purpose, characterized by a combination of features similar to the claimed device.

A known system for automatically controlling the heating of a building from a city heating system according to RF patent No. 2348061, comprising an immersion temperature sensor, an outside temperature sensor and control valves with actuators, characterized in that an automatic controller for generating the necessary hot water temperature in the circuit is introduced into the system heating, one of the inputs of which is connected to an outdoor temperature sensor, and a signal is input to the other input that sets the temperature in the room In this case, the automatic controller consists of a series-connected first adder, configured to invert one of the signals received on it, an amplification unit and a second adder, in which the signal from the amplifier output and the signal specifying the room temperature are added. This technical solution is aimed at increasing the efficiency of ATS heating by a building, taking into account climatic factors, by introducing a signal according to the outdoor temperature into the transmitter and implementing an algorithm for calculating the optimum temperature of the network water in the direct line.

A known control system according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2450313, designed to control the heating system indoors for the indoor environment in accordance with the required indoor temperature, comprising: a sensor for detecting outdoor temperature, a sensor for detecting the return temperature T _return of the coolant circulating in the system heat distribution with a certain flow rate, the controller is configured to: determine the required thermal power P _req , which must be supplied using said heat distribution system to maintain thermal energy balance in accordance with P _req -P _loss -P _source , where P _loss is an approximation of heat loss in said building and includes a dynamic approximation of heat transfer through the walls of the building based on, at least said desired indoor temperature (T _room ), said detected outside temperature (T _amb ), wall heat transfer coefficient (kA) and wall heat capacity (Ms _p ), and P _source is an approximation sources of thermal energy external to said heating system and based on a detectable return temperature, control a combination of forward flow temperature and flow rate to ensure transmission of the required heat output by a distribution system. This technical solution allows to provide improved control technology for the heating system operating indoors, providing more efficient heating indoors.

This technical solution, as the closest to the declared technical essence and the achieved result, was adopted as its prototype

The disadvantage of this device is the cumbersome calculation of heat energy losses that reduce the performance of the control device and, accordingly, the response time to changes in the temperature of the outdoor air, since it is necessary to determine the loss for each temperature value.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a method of adaptive control of the amount of thermal energy that goes to compensate for the heat loss of a building, in which, after the first control device is turned on, the necessary coefficients are determined (the process of "self-learning"), which allows to simplify the calculation of the required heat energy and, accordingly, increase the speed of working out by the device control of changes in ambient temperature, which allows to increase the energy efficiency of the building, by reducing losses of heat while maintaining the required environmental conditions. Building - objects that are poorly formalized, since there are many different buildings that differ in their purpose, enclosing structures, their heat-insulating properties, ventilation systems, etc., which require individual approaches to their heat supply to ensure the necessary comfortable conditions in compliance with energy efficiency requirements.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is expressed in the following set of essential features, sufficient to achieve the above technical result provided by the invention.

According to the invention, a method for adaptively controlling the heat consumption of a building, including controlling the amount of heat energy supplied to the building in accordance with the selected heat consumption indicator, characterized in that the specific heat consumption for a given type of building, determined by the current sanitary standards, is taken as the heat consumption indicator, and the amount of thermal energy is determined consumed per hour to ensure the given temperature in this building according to the formula:

where V _h is the volume of the building,

t _vn - room temperature required by sanitary standards or to ensure a comfortable existence,

t _нр - outdoor temperature,

- удельная характеристика расхода тепловой энергии на отопление и вентиляцию данного типа здания,

- the specific characteristic of the consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of this type of building,

при этом если

, то в дальнейшем не изменяют количество подаваемой в здание тепловой энергии до изменения одной из этих температур, а если

, то определяют количество тепловой энергии

, необходимое для обеспечения равенства t_вн=t_вн1 по формуле

, после чего подают в систему теплоснабжения здания тепловую энергию

, измеряют температуру t_вн2 и сравнивают ее с t_вн, при этом если t_вн≠t_вн2, то процедуру повторяют n раз до выполнения условия t_вн=t_вн(n+1), после чего определяют поправочный коэффициент

и объем тепловой энергии, который необходимо подать в систему теплоснабжения здания при изменении температуры наружного воздуха t_нв для обеспечения заданной температуры в помещении t_нв определяют по формуле

then they supply to the heat supply system of the building a certain amount of thermal energy in this way and measure the temperature in the room t _bn1 , which is set in the building after supplying this amount of thermal energy

while if

, then in the future they do not change the amount of thermal energy supplied to the building until one of these temperatures changes, and if

, then determine the amount of thermal energy

Required to ensure equality of t = t _{ext vn1} formula

and then heat energy is supplied to the building heat supply system

, measure the temperature t _vn2 and compare it with t _vn , while if t _vn ≠ t _vn2 , then the procedure is repeated n times until the condition t _vn = t _{vn (n + 1) is} fulfilled, after which the correction coefficient is determined

and the amount of thermal energy that must be supplied to the building’s heat supply system when the outdoor temperature t _tv changes to ensure a given room temperature t _tv is determined by the formula

In addition, the claimed technical solution is characterized by the presence of a number of additional optional features, namely:

вводят коэффициент k₁<1, значение которого определяют в зависимости от класса энергоэффективности здания;- to the formula

a coefficient k ₁ <1 is introduced, the value of which is determined depending on the energy efficiency class of the building;

вводят коэффициент k₂, ограничивающий потребление тепловой энергии в пределах социальных норм, установленных для данного типа здания.- to the formula

introduce a coefficient k ₂ that limits the consumption of thermal energy within the social norms established for this type of building.

The claimed combination of essential features ensures the achievement of a technical result, which lies in the fact that by simplifying the method of calculating the required heat output, the algorithm of "self-training" (adaptation to changing conditions), which allows to reduce the reaction speed of the control device to changes in outdoor temperature and, accordingly, increase the energy efficiency of the building.

The claimed method is implemented as follows.

- удельная характеристика расхода тепловой энергии на отопление и вентиляцию здания - расход тепловой энергии на 1 м³ отапливаемого объема здания в единицу времени при перепаде температуры в 1°С), Вт/(м³⋅°С).The heat supply control system introduces specific heat consumption for this type of building (apartment building, school, child care institution, hospital, etc.), which is determined by the current sanitary standards, for example, in Russia the specific heat consumption standards are specified in SP 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection buildings ”(tables 13 and 14), namely the indicator

- the specific characteristic of the consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of the building - the consumption of thermal energy per 1 m ^{3 of the} heated volume of the building per unit time at a temperature difference of 1 ° C), W / (m ³ ⋅ ° C).

Measured:

- outdoor temperature - t _нр , ° С;

- the set room temperature (required by sanitary standards or to ensure a comfortable existence) - t _vn , ° С.

The amount of heat energy consumed per hour is determined to provide in this building with a heated area Sh (m ² ) or volume Vh (m ³ ) (entered into the control unit as part of the database) according to formula (1) at a real temperature difference:

. Если t_вн=t_вн1 то устройство управления не меняет количество подаваемой в здание тепловой энергии до изменения или температуры наружного воздуха, или задаваемой температуры в помещенииThe control device delivers the received amount of thermal energy to the building heat supply system. In this case, the temperature in the room is measured t _vn1 which is created really when heat energy is supplied

. If t = t _{ext vn1} the control unit does not change the amount of thermal energy supplied to the building or to changes of outside air temperature or the indoor temperature setting

, т.е. количество тепловой энергии необходимой для обеспечения t_вн1 по формуле (2):If t _vn ≠ t _vn1 then it is determined

, i.e. the amount of thermal energy necessary to ensure t _tn1 according to the formula (2):

, измеряют температуру t_вн2 и сравнивают ее с t_вн.The control device supplies heat energy to the heat supply system

measure the temperature t _vn2 and compare it with t _vn .

If t _vn ≠ t _vn2 then the procedure is repeated.

выполняется условие: t_вн=t_вн(n+1), тогда определяем поправочный коэффициент

We assume that for

the condition is satisfied: t _vn = t _{vn (n + 1)} , then we determine the correction factor

Thus, for a given building, when the temperature of the outside air changes, in order to ensure a given room temperature t _vn, it is necessary to supply thermal energy to the heat supply system

The coefficient k ₁ <1, the value of which is determined depending on the energy efficiency class of the building, or the coefficient k ₂ limiting the consumption of thermal energy within the social norms established for this type of building can be entered into formula (1).

The practical applicability of the claimed method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Automatic individual heat point (hereinafter AITP) that regulates the heat supply of a building, the algorithm of which is developed on the basis of the proposed method, does not require laborious and lengthy setup, which, as a rule, sets up the operation of AITP at only a few points, which does not provide optimal control in all modes of heat consumption of the building. This reduces the cost of installing and commissioning AITP. In addition, thanks to automatic adaptation, the method allows for optimal regulation in all modes of operation of the building heating system, which saves the consumed thermal energy and increases its energy efficiency.

Example 2. AITP, which regulates the heat supply of a building, the algorithm of which is developed on the basis of the proposed method using the coefficient k ₂ will ensure the preservation of the declared efficiency class, which should allow receiving discounts on the payment of heat energy (after the adoption of relevant decisions by the government of the Russian Federation).

Claims (8)

1. The method of adaptive regulation of heat consumption of a building, including the regulation of the amount of heat energy supplied to the building in accordance with the selected heat consumption indicator, characterized in that the specific heat consumption for this type of building, determined by the current sanitary standards, is taken as the heat consumption indicator, and the amount of thermal energy is determined consumed per hour, in order to ensure a given temperature in a given building according to the formula:

where V _h is the volume of the building, t _vn - room temperature required by sanitary standards or to ensure a comfortable existence, t _нр - outdoor temperature,

- the specific characteristic of the consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of this type of building, after which a certain amount of thermal energy is supplied to the building’s heat supply system and the room temperature t _{bn1 is measured} , which is set in the building after this amount of thermal energy is supplied

if t _vn = t _vn1 , then in the future they do not change the amount of thermal energy supplied to the building until one of these temperatures changes, and if t _vn ≠ t _vn1 , then determine the amount of thermal energy

required to ensure equality of t = t _{ext vn1} formula

after which heat energy is supplied to the building heat supply system

, measure the temperature t _vn2 and compare it with t _vn , while if t _vn ≠ t _vn2 , then the procedure is repeated n times until the condition t _vn = t _vn ( _{n + 1} ) is fulfilled, after which the correction coefficient is determined

and the amount of heat energy that must be submitted to a building heat supply system when changing outdoor temperature t _HB to provide the desired room temperature t _ext is determined by the formula

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the formula

enter the coefficient k ₁ <1, the value of which is determined depending on the class of energy efficiency of the building. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the formula

introduce a coefficient k ₂ that limits the consumption of thermal energy within the social norms established for this type of building.