RU2666523C1 - Uninterrupted power supply source for on-board equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sources of emergency / backup power supply and can be used to supply power to individual on-board direct current consumers of aircraft equipment. Technical result is achieved due to fact that in a device comprising a network converter, a pseudocapacitor, first and second power switches with normally open contacts, a separation diode, a protection node was introduced, a power switch with normally closed contacts, a charging unit of the energy storage element, consisting of a circuit for lowering the input voltage, a logic node, an amplifying circuit, a current sensor, and a circuit for increasing the input voltage; logical part generation unit, a control controller, a third power switch with normally closed contacts, the energy storage unit, which, in addition to the pseudocapacitor, consists of a heater assembly, a temperature sensor and an electrolyte leakage sensor.EFFECT: technical task of the invention is the uninterrupted provision of on-board DC consumers with electric power in all operating modes of the aircraft power supply system, including in the event of an emergency situation; and also increase in functionality, expansion of temperature operating modes, increase of reliability of the device and increase in the period of its operation.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to emergency / backup power sources and can be used to supply power to individual on-board DC consumers of aircraft - for example, an on-board flight information recording system generated by aircraft systems and assemblies.

A known source of backup power with parallel connected constant current source and alternating current source (US Pat. No. 7394674, 2008), consisting of an alternating current source, direct current source, a battery of AC / DC converters connected in series, batteries of DC / DC converters connected in series, power balancing unit, detection circuit, output power adjustment circuit. It works as follows: the voltages of DC and AC networks are transformed using AC / DC and DC / DC - converters into voltages necessary to supply power to the device - a consumer of direct current (load), while the power balancing unit controls the ratio of the output powers of the converters, based on the power necessary for the operation of the device - the consumer of electricity (load power), and in the event of a failure or a malfunction in the network, alternating or constant ka is able to adjust this ratio. The detection circuit is designed to detect the fact of a malfunction and immediately notify the operator (personnel) about it using LED indicators or buzzers. The output power adjustment circuit is designed to stabilize the output current and ensure uninterrupted power supply to it from the device.

The main disadvantages of this device are:

1) The inability to store energy due to the lack of energy storage element;

2) The inability to ensure uninterrupted operation of the consumer of electricity in case of failure (interruption) of both networks - both direct and alternating current.

A known vehicle power supply system (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2520180, class F02N 11/08, 2012), consisting of a battery, a molecular energy storage device (electrochemical capacitor), a control and monitoring module, a voltage conversion module, a charger and a power switching module . In this case, the charger serves to charge the battery, and the voltage conversion module, the charger and the power switching module receive control signals from the control and monitoring module, which, in turn, receives information about the voltage on the battery, on-board power bus through signal inputs network and molecular energy storage, charge current, and also provides information interaction with the vehicle's onboard bus.

The disadvantages of such a power supply system are: the use of the battery as the main energy storage element, which leads, firstly, to the narrowing of the field of application of such a system due to the inability to function at low temperatures (up to -60 C), and secondly, low life and low reliability due to the limited number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery and the need for periodic replacement; the absence of any means of protection against possible overvoltage on the power supply bus of the on-board network, which reduces the reliability of the power supply system. In addition, as a rule, vehicle power supply systems include several on-board networks with different voltage levels and waveforms, and the considered power supply system provides the ability to work only from the on-board DC network, which significantly reduces the functionality of the device.

Closest to the proposed device is an uninterruptible power supply module for direct current consumers (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2491696, class H02J 9/04, 2013), containing a line converter, a molecular energy storage device (ionistor) connected via diode diodes to uninterruptible power supply lines for direct current to which a rechargeable battery is connected through a power contactor (switch) with normally open contacts and a dividing diode, the charger of which is connected to an alternating current main Erez power contactor (switch) of the battery charging circuit; and the charge-discharge circuit of the molecular energy storage device (ionistor) is connected through a charging resistor, a separation diode of the charge circuit of the molecular energy storage device and a separation diode of the molecular energy storage device to the uninterruptible DC busbars.

The module works as follows. After the appearance of voltage in the AC mains, the line converter is turned on, which transforms the mains voltage into DC voltage, through a diode, which is supplied to the uninterruptible DC power bus, to which DC consumers are connected; the battery is charged by the charger through the closed contact of the included power contactor and the molecular energy storage is charged through the diode of the charge circuit of the molecular energy storage and a charging resistor. In this case, the battery is disconnected from the uninterruptible DC power bus by means of an open contact of the switched off power contactor, and the isolation diode of the molecular energy storage device is closed.

In the event of a power failure in the alternating current network, the diode of the molecular energy storage device opens and the molecular energy storage device is connected to the uninterruptible DC power supply buses, providing power supply to DC consumers in case of short-term power outages; in case of long-term power outages, the power contactor of the battery discharge circuit is switched on, providing voltage from the electrodes of the battery to the uninterruptible DC power bus.

The disadvantages of the considered module are:

1) The ability to operate the module only from AC power, which narrows the scope of its application;

2) The absence of a monitoring and control system that receives the necessary information about the mains voltage, battery voltage, voltage of the molecular energy storage device, the total power connected to the uninterruptible power supply buses of the load and making decisions based on the data obtained in accordance with a given operation algorithm;

3) The inability to monitor the state of the battery and molecular energy storage and alarm about a possible malfunction, which significantly impairs the reliability of the system;

4) A narrow range of operating temperatures of the module due to the use of a battery as a storage element, which also reduces its scope and narrows the functionality of the module. When using batteries together with external heaters of any type, it would take time to bring their internal volume to a temperature sufficient to ensure normal operation of the device in conditions with a low permissible ambient temperature (up to -60 ° C); In addition, almost all modern batteries, whose energy density is higher than the energy density of supercapacitors, have an allowable storage temperature of at least -40 ° C, after which irreversible internal degradation processes begin;

5) The use of the battery as the main energy storage element necessitates its replacement after a certain number of charge-discharge cycles, and, as a result, leads to a low module service life.

The technical problem that the invention solves is:

1) Uninterrupted supply of individual on-board DC consumers (for example, an on-board recorder) with electricity in all operating modes of the aircraft’s power supply system, including in the event of an emergency;

2) Expanding the scope of the device by providing the ability to work both from a DC and AC network;

3) Improving the reliability of the uninterruptible power supply by providing centralized monitoring of the state of the energy storage element and the introduction of a protection node in the structure of the device;

4) Expanding the temperature range of operation and increasing the service life of the device due to the use of an ionistor as a storage element. The ionistor has a wider operating and storage temperature range than that of the batteries, and the use of heating boards integrated in its design allows you to quickly reach the nominal current sufficient to start the charge cycle and further use the ionistor temperature.

5) Expanding functionality and increasing the service life due to the use of a high-capacity ionistor as an energy storage device, which combines the functionality of a buffer element and an energy storage device. The ionistor is inherently many times larger than the battery, the number of permissible charge-discharge cycles (usually hundreds of thousands of cycles). The consequences are weak degradation over time, high MTBF and service life, which generally leads to an increase in the reliability of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device containing a network converter, a molecular energy storage device (ionistor, electrochemical capacitor, supercapacitor), first and second power contactors (switches) with normally open contacts, an isolation diode, an additional protection unit, a power switch with normal closed contacts, the charger unit of the energy storage element, consisting of a circuit for lowering the input voltage, a logic node, an amplifying circuit, a current sensor, and a circuit and increasing the input voltage; a voltage generation unit of the logical part, a control controller, a third power switch with normally closed contacts, a second isolation diode, a boost converter, an energy storage element unit, which, in addition to the ionistor, consists of a heater assembly, a temperature sensor, and an electrolyte leakage sensor; the first, second, third and fourth inputs of the power signal; first and second outputs of the power signal, information output;

at the same time, the first or fourth inputs of the power signal are connected to the on-board DC and AC networks, and the first is the second outputs of the power signal to the DC consumer;

the ionistor is connected to the DC network through an isolation diode, a protection unit and a charger unit of an energy storage element, to an alternating current network through a charger unit, and to a DC consumer via a power switch with normally open contacts and a step-up converter connected in parallel with it;

the heater assembly is connected to the output of the protection assembly and the output of the network converter through a third power switch with normally open contacts,

the input of the voltage generating unit of the logical part is connected to the outputs of the first power switch with normally open contacts and the second power switch with normally closed contacts, and the output with the control controller;

at the same time, the inputs of the control controller are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensor, leakage sensor, an ionistor, the information output of the network converter and the information outputs of the logic node, and the outputs are connected to the information inputs of the first, second, third power switches, the input of the forced disconnection of the network converter, and lowering circuits and increasing the input voltage through the amplifier circuit and the logic node.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an uninterruptible power supply for on-board equipment.

The uninterruptible power supply for the on-board equipment consists of a diode 1, which is a powerful semiconductor diode that serves to prevent charge leakage from the energy storage element to the on-board DC network during emergency operation, protection unit 2, consisting of a fuse and voltage limiter, the first power switch 3 with normally closed contacts, the second power switch 4 with normally open contacts, shunted by boost converter 5 m, the charger unit energy storage element 6, in turn, consists of lowering the voltage input circuit 7, the logic unit 8, the amplifying circuit 9, current sensor 10 and the input voltage increasing circuit 11; the voltage generation node of the logical part 12, which is a step-down voltage converter, a network converter 13 that converts the on-board alternating voltage to constant, a control controller 14, a third power switch 15 with normally open contacts, a power storage unit 16, in turn, consisting of an ionistor (electrochemical capacitor, molecular energy storage device, supercapacitor) 17, heater assembly 18, which is a few connected in parallel to a heating plate with a resistive coating integrated into the design of the energy storage element 16 so that when operating at its rated power, it ensures optimal heat exchange with the internal volume of the ionistor, temperature sensor 19 and electrolyte leakage sensor 20; the first 21 and second 22 power signal inputs connected to the on-board DC network; third 23 and fourth 24 power signal inputs connected to the on-board AC network; the first 25 and second 26 outputs of the power signal connected to the power circuits of the on-board recorder, information output 27.

The protection node 2 includes an overvoltage protection circuit, made either on the limit diodes (suppressors), or using bipolar or field effect transistors.

Power switches 3, 4, 15 are either power electronic keys, or solid state or electromagnetic relays.

The input voltage lowering circuit 7 can be implemented on discrete elements, for example, according to the classical step-up stabilizer circuit, and the input voltage increase circuit 11 - according to the classical step-up stabilizer circuit (Chetti P. Designing of key power sources: Transl. From English - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990, Fig. 1.4-1.5, p. 15.).

The uninterruptible power supply of the on-board equipment is as follows.

In the initial state, there is no voltage at the inputs of the power signal 21-24, the ionistor 17 is completely discharged. After installing the device on board the aircraft and integrating it into the on-board power distribution system, the first 21 and second 22 power signal inputs are connected to the on-board DC network, the third 23 and fourth 24 power signal inputs are connected to the on-board AC network, and the first 25 and the second 26 power signal outputs - to the power supply inputs of the onboard DC consumers, the second 26 power signal output being connected to the negative pole of the power supply input of the onboard consumers, and 25th output of the power signal - to the positive pole of the power supply input of the on-board consumers.

Under the condition of the presence of voltage in both on-board networks, the devices are turned on according to the following scheme: current from the on-board DC network starts flowing through the isolation diode 1, the protection node 2 and the normally closed contacts of the first power switch 3. The voltage generation node of the logical part 12 by converting the voltage, the control controller 14 provides the low-voltage power supply. The controller, having started working, collects general internal information: about the voltage of both onboard networks, the state of charge of the ionistor 17 by measuring the voltage at its anode, the temperature regime of the energy storage element 16 by receiving a signal from the temperature sensor 19; also, information about whether the ionistor is damaged during operation by receiving a signal from the electrolyte leakage sensor 20. Depending on the received data, the control controller 14 implements the following functions:

1) Sends a forced shutdown signal to the input of the network converter 13, provided that it is possible to work only from a DC network;

2) Sends to the logic node 8 of the charger unit of the energy storage element 6 a signal about the beginning of the charge cycle of the ionistor 17;

3) Provided that the actual voltage on the electrodes of the ionistor 17 is equal to the nominal one, sends a signal to the logic unit 8 of the charger unit of the energy storage element 6 about the end of the charge cycle of the ionistor 17;

4) When operating in negative temperatures (operating an uninterruptible power supply in an environment with an average ambient temperature of minus 60 degrees Celsius), as the temperature sensor 19 notifies, the control controller 14 sends an enable signal to the information input of the power switch 15 with normally open contacts. The switch 15 goes into the open state, and the voltage is supplied to the contacts of the heater 18, which during the estimated time brings the temperature of the ionistor 17 to the operating temperature - i.e. one that ensures its normal functioning according to the documentation.

5) When the ionistor is depressurized due to damage, as reported by the electrolyte leakage sensor 20, the control controller 14 sends to the logic node 8 a forced shutdown signal of the charger unit of the energy storage element 6, after which the control controller 14 generates a signal on the information output 27 about the malfunction and the need for replacement ionistor 17.

The introduction of an electrolyte leakage sensor 20 into the energy storage element 16 is associated with the operating conditions of the device, namely, the influence of factors such as sinusoidal, random vibration and mechanical shock, which in the long term can potentially lead to damage to the ionistor, and, as a result, depressurization (since liquid electrolyte is present in the structure of the ionistor).

The charge of the ionistor 17 is made using the charger unit of the energy storage element 6 as follows. The logic node 8, which received the signal about the beginning of the charge cycle from the control controller 14, first of all, estimates the input voltage level in the on-board DC network, comparing it with the voltage of the ionistor. If the voltage of the ionistor is less, the logic node 8 generates two opposite-phase rectangular signals, which, receiving voltage gain in the amplification circuit 9, become control signals supplied to the gates of the power transistors of the lower voltage circuit of the input voltage 7. The voltage received at the output of the circuit 7, passing through the current sensor 10 starts to charge the ionistor 17 with direct current, while the stabilization of the charging current is ensured by transmitting a signal from the current sensor to the internal comparator of the logic unit 8, where it produces I compare it to a predetermined initial value of the charging current. Using the obtained difference, the correction of the duty cycle of the control signals occurs, which becomes the greater, the higher the voltage level on the electrodes of the ionistor 17.

If the voltage of the ionistor 17 is greater than the voltage level in the on-board DC network, and the ionistor is not fully charged, then the logic node 8 generates two opposite-phase rectangular signals, which, receiving voltage gain in the amplification circuit 9, become control signals received at the gates of the power transistors of the circuit for increasing the input voltage 11. The voltage received at the output of the circuit 11, passing through the current sensor 10, begins to charge the ionistor 17 with direct current, while the stabilization of the charging current provides Chiva due to signal transmission from the current sensor to the internal comparator logic unit 8 where it is compared with a predetermined initial value of the charging current. Using the obtained difference, the correction of the duty cycle of the control signals occurs, which becomes the greater, the higher the voltage level on the electrodes of the ionistor 17.

Thus, an algorithm for charging an ionistor with a stabilized current of a given value is realized at any permissible voltage level in the on-board DC network. Subsequently, during normal operation of the on-board power supply system, the charger unit of the energy storage element 16 compensates for the self-discharge current of the ionistor by means of periodic short-term switching.

Depending on the working condition of aircraft generators, auxiliary power units and the aircraft’s power supply system as a whole, a situation is also possible in which voltage is present in only one of the on-board networks. If the voltage is present only in the on-board DC network, then the sequence of switching on the elements of the device and the principle of operation are similar to those described above. If the voltage is present only in the on-board AC network, then the device is turned on as follows: electric current from the on-board AC network starts flowing through the third 23 and fourth 24 power signal inputs to the network converter 13, in which the electric power is converted from the on-board network alternating current to a constant voltage, similar to that obtained from the on-board DC network (voltage at the inputs 21, 22 of the power signal).

Further, the voltage received at the output of block 13 passes through a power switch with normally closed contacts 3 and enters the outputs of the power signal 25 and 26 connected to the power supply circuits of the on-board DC consumer. The voltage-generating unit of the logical part 12 is turned on, by means of voltage conversion, the control controller 14 provides the low-voltage power supply. The controller, having started working, collects general internal information about the state of the device and, based on it, makes decisions similar to those described above.

Thus, the process of turning on the device and its functioning in normal and partial operation of the aircraft’s power supply system are carried out.

Emergency operation is characterized by failed and / or disconnected primary sources of electricity installed on board the aircraft; as a result, the loss of voltage at the inputs 21-24 of the power signal or its reduction to a value at which it is impossible to ensure stable operation of onboard electricity consumers.

When an emergency occurs, the device operates as follows.

The control controller 14, having received information about a significant reduction or lack of voltage at the inputs 21-24, sends a trip signal to the information input of the first power switch with normally closed contacts 3. Switch 3 goes into the closed state, completely disconnecting the device’s power circuits from both onboard networks . Further, the controller 14 sends an enable signal to the information input of the second power switch with normally open contacts 4. The switch 4 switches to the open state, as a result of which the ionistor 17 is connected to the outputs 25-26 of the power signal, providing electric power to the connected on-board DC consumers and the formation unit voltage of the logical part 12 until it is completely discharged. In this case, when the voltage across the ionistor 17 drops below a predetermined value (set in advance in the algorithm of the control controller and depending on the allowable input voltage range of the on-board electricity consumer), the control controller 14 sends a shutdown signal to the information input of the second power switch, which goes into a closed state, and at the same time, a signal to turn on the information input of the boost converter 5, which transforms the voltage received from ionistor, in a higher, suitable for providing power to on-board consumers.

Thus, the operation of onboard DC consumers is ensured in the event of an emergency during flight.

The use in the device of a boost converter 5 with a wide input voltage range contributes to a more efficient consumption of energy stored in the ionistor.

Claims (1)

An uninterruptible power supply source for the on-board equipment, comprising a network converter, an ionistor, first and second power switches with normally open contacts, an isolation diode, characterized in that it further comprises a protection unit, a power switch with normally closed contacts, a charger unit of an energy storage element, consisting of a circuit lowering the input voltage, the logic node, the amplifying circuit, the current sensor and the circuit for increasing the input voltage; a voltage generating unit of a logical part, a control controller, a third power switch with normally closed contacts, an energy storage unit unit consisting of an ionistor, a heater assembly, a temperature sensor and an electrolyte leakage sensor; the first, second, third and fourth inputs of the power signal; first and second outputs of the power signal, information output; the first and fourth inputs of the power signal are connected to the on-board DC and AC networks, and the first and second outputs of the power signal are connected to the on-board DC consumer; the ionistor is connected to the DC network through an isolation diode, a protection unit and the charger unit of the energy storage element, to the AC network through the charger unit, and to the DC consumer via a power switch with normally open contacts and a step-up converter connected in parallel with it ; the heater assembly is connected to the output of the protection assembly and the output of the network converter through a third power switch with normally open contacts; the input of the voltage generating unit of the logical part is connected to the outputs of the first power switch with normally open contacts and the second power switch with normally closed contacts, and the output with the control controller; the inputs of the control controller are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensor, leakage sensor, an ionistor, the information output of the network converter and the information outputs of the logic node, and the outputs are connected to the information inputs of the first, second, third power switches, the input of the forced disconnection of the network converter and the reduction and increase circuits input voltage through the amplifier circuit and the logic node.

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