RU2666023C1 - Hybrid power installation of technical equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hybrid power plants. Hybrid power plant of a technical equipment comprises an electric storage device, a gear mechanism, a heat engine and an electric machine. Gear mechanism contains the central gears, the carrier, the pinion-satellite, connected with the carrier. Electromachine contains an inductor and a rotor. Driver of the planetary gear is connected to the engine. Hybrid power plant is provided with a friction clutch designed to inhibit the first central gear of the gear mechanism.

EFFECT: increased compactness of the power plant.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to systems of autonomous energy supply of technical means, namely to hybrid power plants.

By technical means the applicant understands any stationary or mobile installations, including vehicles containing a heat engine, an electric machine, an electric energy storage device, a transmission and working bodies.

By a heat engine, the applicant means any device equipped with a shaft that converts the energy of the fuel generated during its oxidation by atmospheric oxygen into mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft.

By an electric machine, an applicant means any device equipped with a shaft and terminals of an electrical winding that converts electrical energy supplied to the terminals of the winding into mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft, as well as mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft into electrical energy transported to the terminals of the winding.

By an electric energy storage device, the applicant means both electrochemical batteries and electrochemical capacitors equipped with connecting leads, which, in turn, are made in one way or another (including using electronic converting devices) electrically connected to the terminals of an electric machine.

By a working body, an applicant means any device by which a technical tool performs useful work, as well as any device by which a technical tool takes one or another configuration necessary to perform useful work.

By transmission, exclusively in the context of the present invention, the applicant means a combination of units and assemblies by means of which the transmission of torque generated by a heat engine and / or electric machine to the working body of the technical means is carried out.

By the consumer of electric energy, the applicant means any device by which the electrical energy supplied to it is converted into the useful work of a working body or transmission.

From patents US 4707629, 4MPK H02K 47/08, publ. 11/17/1987, US 4805295, 4MPK H02K 47/08, publ. 02/21/1989, an electric machine is known, which includes a coaxially located fixed-mounted inductor (Latin inductor, pathogen - a well-established term used to refer to this node in DC electric machines; in AC electric machines, the term stator is usually used), equipped with a winding excitation, and a rotor installed with the possibility of rotation (a well-established term used to refer to this unit in AC electric machines; in DC electric machines, usually use anchor yn) provided with collector, slip rings, and the DC coil and an AC coil, stacked in rotor slots. In this case, the conclusions of the DC winding are made connected to the collector plates, and the AC windings are made with slip rings. The conclusions of the excitation winding of the inductor and the conclusions of the winding of the DC rotor, the latter by means of a contact-brush assembly with brushes and the corresponding collector plates, are made with the possibility of galvanic connection with the conclusions of the DC source (electric energy storage). The conclusions of the AC rotor winding, by means of another contact-brush assembly with brushes and corresponding slip rings, are made with the possibility of galvanic connection with a consumer of electric energy, which requires alternating current for its operation. In this case, the electric machine is a reversible rotary converter made not only with the possibility of working from a direct current source (type of current) and supplying AC electric energy to the consumer, but also with the possibility of working from an alternating current source (type of current) and supplying to the consumer electric energy of direct current.

From patent US 3913004, 2MPK Н02М 7/64, publ. 10/14/1975, an electric machine is known, which includes a coaxially located fixed mounted inductor equipped with radially arranged permanent magnets, and a rotor mounted for rotation, equipped with a collector, slip rings, and also DC and AC windings laid in the grooves of the rotor. The findings of the DC winding are made connected to the collector plates, and the AC windings with slip rings. The findings of the DC winding, through a contact-brush assembly with brushes and corresponding collector plates, are made with the possibility of galvanic connection with the conclusions of the electric energy storage device. The conclusions of the AC winding, through another contact-brush assembly with brushes and corresponding contact rings, are made with the possibility of galvanic connection with the consumer of electrical energy. Moreover, in the description of the patent it is indicated that the DC winding mainly has fewer turns than the alternating current winding, that one of the converters made by the authors contained four collector brushes and 20 collector lamellas, the DC windings contained such a number of turns so that to rotate the rotor with a frequency of 1750 rpm when feeding the windings from a 48 V DC source with a current of 25 A. At the same time, the AC windings contained such a number of turns, To provide power to the electric energy consumer alternating current 32 A at a voltage of 110 V with a frequency of 60 Hz. The power ratio is 1200 W at the input and 3520 W at the output (applicant's note: for active load; for active-reactive load P = UIcosϕ). At the same time, in the article “Robert Alexander’s Super-efficient Motor Generator” posted on the Internet resource http://electrik.info/main/fakty/1268-motor-generator-roberta-aleksandera.html, the article was viewed on 02.10.2017, it is indicated that in October 1975, Robert Alexander, one of the authors of the patent US 3913004, presented to the public an electric car with a modernized electric machine, which moved at a speed of 36 miles per hour. The electric machine was redone so that the voltage at the output of its AC winding was 12 V. In this case, the DC winding of the mentioned machine was powered by an electric energy storage device, the rotor powered the hydraulic and air systems of the electric vehicle, and the electric energy storage device (in this battery case), in turn, received a charge from the AC winding.

From the application US 2010/0184560 A1, 6MPK B60W 10/08, B60W 30/18, Н02Р 27/00, B60K 1/04, publ. 07/22/2010, an electric car is known that includes an alternating current traction electric motor (electric machine), three electrochemical (one of which is auxiliary / standby, two are alternately connected) and one capacitive electric energy storage device, as well as two generator motors, a drive status controller electricity, power transformer and charger. Any of the motor generators contains a direct current electric motor (electric machine) configured to operate with at least one alternating current electric generator (electric machine). In this case, alternating current generators power the traction electric motor, and through the controller, power transformer and charger, one of the electric energy storage devices. This electric vehicle, according to the applicant, is characterized by increased run-out without recharging from external sources of electric energy.

From patent RU 2556075, 6MPK H02K 3/12, H02K 17/00, publ. 07/10/2015, an asynchronous electric machine is known, including a coaxially located fixedly mounted explicitly pole or implicit pole inductor equipped with an excitation winding, and a rotor mounted with the possibility of rotation, equipped with a short-circuited squirrel cage winding. The field coil of the inductor is made by a multicore cable containing a number of insulated and electrically unconnected conductors, some of which are made with the possibility of connecting to an alternating current source (type of current), and part with the possibility of connecting electric energy (alternating current) to a consumer. The description of the patent states that this electric machine is capable of simultaneous operation both in electric motor mode and in electric generator mode. It is indicated that the implementation of the winding with a multicore cable allows to reduce the value of the capacitive component of the resistance of the electrical circuits of the machine, and the implementation of the concentric windings makes it possible to use resonance phenomena.

From patent RU 2436220, 6MPK H02K 17/16, H02K 17/22, H02K 3/04, publ. 12/10/2011, a squirrel-cage rotor of an asynchronous electric machine is known, which includes a shaft and is coaxially fixed to the shaft by means of a dielectric, preferably magnetodielectric, sleeve, a magnetic core formed in the form of a circular cylinder. The magnetic circuit can be made of composite, formed longitudinally arranged, as an option, radially loaded, rods with axial electrical conductivity (soft steel), and two opposed, located relative to the rods, frontal short-circuit jumpers, formed, preferably, of non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive material (copper, aluminum ) The magnetic circuit can also be made in the form of a steel pipe equipped with slit-like perforation windows. This technical solution provides a decrease in the mass of the rotor and increase the efficiency of its cooling.

From patent RU 2091967, 6MPK H02K 23/44, publ. 09/27/1997, an asynchronous electric machine is known, which includes a contact-brush assembly with brushes, as well as a coaxially located rotor and inductor. The rotor contains a ring-shaped lined magnetic circuit with grooves and a winding laid / formed in the grooves of the magnetic circuit. The inductor contains a cylindrical lined magnetic circuit with grooves, a winding laid in the grooves of the magnetic circuit, and a collector. The contact-brush assembly is made stationary, and the inductor and rotor are rotatable. In this case, the rotor is made kinematically connected with the shaft of the drive motor (heat engine or electric machine), and the inductor shaft with transmission of technical equipment (input shaft, gear, gear, pulley ...). The rotor winding is made short-circuited, like a squirrel cage. The brushes of the contact-brush assembly are made with the possibility, on the one hand, of fitting to the collector, and on the other hand, with the possibility of connecting the inductor winding to a DC source. In this case, the electric machine can operate either in the motor mode or in the generator mode, as mentioned in the description of the patent RU 2349014. In the case of the electric machine in the engine mode, it is a mechanical power amplifier in which the output mechanical power transmitted the rotor from the drive motor, is summed up with the mechanical power developed on the inductor shaft when feeding the inductor winding from a DC source - in this solution Ii = const, Une = var, while the armature rotates advancing the rotor (rotor AC induction motors rotate with a delay with respect to the rotating magnetic field of an inductor).

From patent RU 2349014, 6MPK H02K 16/00, H02K 47/02, H02K 51/00, publ. 03/10/2009, an asynchronous end-face electric machine is known, including a contact-brush assembly with AC brushes, a contact-brush assembly with DC brushes, and also an axially arranged rotor and inductor, each of which is rotatable. In this case, the rotor is made kinematically connected with the shaft of the drive motor. The rotor contains an annular lined magnetic circuit and a short-circuited winding. The inductor comprises a ring-shaped lined magnetic core, a three-phase AC winding, a direct current winding, an end collector, the lamellas of which are made connected to a direct current winding, and slip rings made connected to a three-phase alternating current winding. The description of the patent states that this electric machine is an electromechanical converter in which the electric energy of a direct current source (type of current) supplied to the DC winding of the inductor and the mechanical energy of the drive motor transmitted to the rotor are summed up with the conversion into alternating electric energy current generated in the alternating current winding (type of current) of the inductor.

According to the Internet resource https://geographyofrussia.com/osobennosti-razmeshheniya-naseleniya-na-territorii-zemli/, the information was viewed on October 2, 2017, taking into account the updates received on the resources https://www.syl.ru/article/109407 / naselenie-germanii-chislennost-plotnost-i-natsionalnyiy-sostav, http://countymeters.info/ru/Japan/, http://www.statdata.ru/nasel_regions the average population density in the world is 45 people / km ² . For half of the land, the population density is less than 1 person / km ² , and for 1/4 it ranges from 1 to 10 people / km ² . On the globe, 6 regions with the highest population density (over 100 people / km ² ) can be distinguished:

- East Asian (East China, Japan (348 people / km ² ), DPRK, Republic of Korea).

- South Asian (Indo-Gangetic lowland, South India).

- Southeast Asian (Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Myanmar).

- European (Europe without its northern part).

- Northeastern United States.

- West African region (Nile Valley and lower Niger - countries: Nigeria Benin, Ghana).

Among densely populated countries meet both industrial heavily urbanized countries (UK, Belgium, Germany ... 530 74 persons / km ^2, the average 230)) and agrarian country with a sharp margin of the rural population (India, Indonesia, Bangladesh). The situation is similar among the sparsely populated states, which include highly developed countries - Russia, with an average population density of 9 people per 1 km ² (population density in the European part is 27 people / km ² in the central economic region, where one fifth of the country's population lives , 62 people / km ² , in Moscow with 4910 people per 1 km ² , St. Petersburg 3724 people per 1 km ² , Sevastopol 481 people per 1 km ^2. ), Canada and Australia, the average population density, respectively, 3 and 2 people / km ² , and economically backward - Mongolia, Libya, Suriname (2-3 people / km ² ).

According to the Internet resource:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0 % B8% D0% B8_% D0% A0% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 81% D0% B8% D0% B8, and illustrative material:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Urban_Aggl_omerations_in_Russia_of_More_than_1_Million_People_2020.png, 38% of the Russian population lives in agglomerations with a population of more than 1 million. Information viewed 02.10.2017.

The table below shows the effect of the cross-sectional area of the copper wires making up the two-wire line and the amplitudes of the current transported by the line on the line length, provided that the voltage drop in the line is 2% and the power is supplied from a constant voltage source (I _NE = var , U _NE = const) with a voltage of 12 V.

The values given in the table are taken on the Internet resource http://www.samelectric.ru/komponenty/vy-bor-secheniya-provoda-dlya-postoyannogo-toka.html, the information was viewed on 02.10.2017. Not filled cells of the table indicate cases when the amplitude of the current transmitted along the line exceeds the maximum allowable values for the wire of this section. The above table, indirectly, illustrates the material consumption of transforming, distributing and transmitting electricity equipment. It should be noted that, unlike hydrocarbon energy storage devices (various tanks, cylinders), electric storage devices are characterized by a disproportionately higher specific (per unit of stored energy) cost.

Based on the analysis of the density of population distribution over the territory of Russia, the material consumption of transforming, distributing and transmitting electricity equipment, it can be assumed that electric cars can only be claimed by the population of urban agglomerations or polycentric conurbations with powerful developed electric networks. At the same time, the mass exclusion of heat engines from everyday life will inevitably lead to the need to reorganize the agglomeration electric grid facilities.

According to the Internet resource:

http://meteo.ru/pogoda-i-klimat/93-klimaticheskie-usloviya/179-klimaticheskie-usloviya-na-territorii-rossii average annual and average seasonal air temperature averaged over the territory of Russia for the period from 1946 to 2006 was in the range from minus 0.5 ° С to plus 1 ° С.

From the Internet resource:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1 % 81% D0% B8% D0% B8 it is known that the January climatic norm in Russia is minus 14.5 ° С, including:

- in the Central Federal District -9.4 ° С,

- in the North-West Federal District -12.4 ° С,

- in the Southern Federal District -4.2 ° С,

- in the Volga Federal District -13.4 ° С,

- in the Ural Federal District -19.0 ° С,

- in the Siberian Federal District -22.6 ° С,

- in the Far Eastern Federal District -23.0 ° С.

Based on the climatic conditions in which the Russian population lives, as well as the current technical level of electric energy storage devices, many of which are temperature dependent, a complete rejection of technical equipment equipped with heat engines in Russia is not rational.

From the Internet resource https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81-%D0%ВС%D0%В%D0%В1%D0%В8%D0%ВВ%D1%8C, information was viewed on 10/18/2017 , a hybrid propulsion system of a technical means (E-mobile) is known, including a heat engine kinematically connected to a shaft of a heat engine, a main electric machine configured to operate as a generator of electric energy (when the heat engine is running) or as an electric motor (when starting a heat engine), as well as an electric energy storage device, connecting leads cerned, via a control unit, connected to the main terminals of the electrical machine. This hybrid propulsion system also includes one or two, depending on the scheme of the wheel formula of the technical means - 2 × 4 or 4 × 4) auxiliary electric machines, each of which is made with the possibility of working in or electric motor mode (mode of movement of the technical means) or in the mode of an electric generator / recuperator (technical equipment braking mode), the connecting leads of any of which, by means of a control unit, are connected to the terminals of the electric energy storage device.

One of the disadvantages of this technical solution is the complete immobilization of the technical equipment in the event of a failure of the main electric machine and the discharge of energy storage with a perfectly functioning heat engine.

As a prototype of the invention adopted known from the patent RU 2629648, 7MPK B60K 6/00, P16H 3/00, publ. 08/31/2017 hybrid powerplant of a technical tool containing a transmission. The hybrid power plant includes an electric energy storage device, a gear mechanism, a heat engine, an electric machine and an overrunning clutch. The gear mechanism includes a carrier, at least one identical gear - a satellite with external teeth, as well as a first central gear with external teeth (sun gear) coaxially located and a second central central gear with internal teeth (crown gear). The satellite (satellites) is made (s) located (s) with the formation of gearing with the crowns of the crown and sun gears, connected (s), with the possibility of rotation, with the carrier gear mechanism. The shaft of the heat engine is made connected, with the possibility of transmitting rotation, with the carrier of the gear mechanism. The transmission of the technical means is made connected, with the possibility of transmitting rotation, with the ring gear of the gear mechanism. The shaft of the electric machine is made connected by overrunning clutch with the sun gear of the gear mechanism. Moreover, in one embodiment of the invention it is shown that the hybrid power plant may contain a friction mechanism configured to hold (lock), in a number of operating modes, the sun gear of the gear mechanism.

The cited hybrid propulsion system, in contrast to the previous solution, contains only one electric machine, while it, as in the previous solution, provides limited distance movement of the technical equipment in case of failure of the heat engine, but, unlike the previous solution, unlimited in distance (taking into account periodic refueling and in the presence of a self-ignition engine) the movement of a technical device in case of failure of an electric machine (provided that the heat engine is started onstvlen). Among the shortcomings of the technical solution RU 2629648, it is necessary to highlight the presence of an overrunning clutch - a precision mechanics device, the use of which is justified in power plants containing an electric machine whose magnetic circuits are close to saturation.

The objective of the invention was the creation of a hybrid power plant of a technical device that does not contain an overrunning clutch, equipped with one electric machine, suitable for use as a part of mass produced technical equipment of low power, providing a limited-time operation of the technical equipment in the event of a heat engine failure and relatively long on time, operation, in case of failure of the electric machine.

The problem is solved in a hybrid propulsion system of a technical device, which includes an electric energy storage device, a gear mechanism, a heat engine, and an electric machine. Where the gear mechanism comprises central gears, a carrier, and also at least one satellite gear with external teeth, rotatably connected to the carrier of the gear mechanism, the electric machine comprises an inductor and a rotor, the carrier of the gear mechanism is kinematically configured transmission of rotation connected to the shaft of the heat engine.

The problem is solved in that:

- The first and second central gears of the gear mechanism are axially arranged, provided with external teeth,

- gear - satellite is equipped with first and second axially spaced gear rims,

- gear - the satellite is made installed with the formation of gearing between the teeth of its first ring gear and the teeth of the first central gear wheel, as well as with the formation of gearing between the teeth of its second ring gear and the teeth of the second central gear wheel,

- the electric machine is made cylindrical, containing a rotor mounted rotatably, including an annular magnetic circuit and a short-circuited winding, as well as a rotationally mounted inductor including a shaft, slip rings, a lined cylindrical magnetic circuit with grooves and a power, mainly located in the grooves , a three-phase AC winding, the terminals of which are galvanically connected to the contact rings.

- the electric machine is equipped with a fixed motionless brush assembly of the AC power winding, formed with the possibility of interaction of its brushes with the contact rings of the inductor,

- the rotor of the electric machine is made kinematically, with the possibility of transmitting rotation, connected to the carrier of the gear mechanism,

- the inductor shaft of the electric machine is made kinematically, with the possibility of transmitting rotation, connected to the first Central gear of the gear mechanism,

- the second Central gear of the gear mechanism is made with the possibility of kinematic connection with the transmission of technical equipment.

- the hybrid power plant is equipped with a friction clutch made with the possibility of braking the first Central gear of the gear mechanism.

The task can be further solved by the fact that the inductor of the electric machine is equipped with contact rings of the auxiliary winding, an auxiliary, mainly three-phase AC winding, located in the grooves of the inductor magnetic circuit, the terminals of which are galvanically connected to the contact rings of the auxiliary winding, as well as the fact that the electric the machine is equipped with a stationary fixed contact-brush assembly of the auxiliary winding, configured to interact with its brush to with the rings of the auxiliary winding of the inductor.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, which shows the kinematic diagram of the proposed GSU.

The invention can be implemented in a hybrid power plant of a technical tool containing a transmission, including a power and auxiliary storage of electrical energy (not shown), a gear mechanism, a heat engine and an electric machine.

The gear mechanism is made up of the first 1 and second 2 axially spaced gear wheels, each of which is equipped with a gear ring with external teeth, preferably with the same number of teeth, as well as a carrier 3 and at least one satellite gear equipped with two, the first 4 and the second 5, axially spaced gears with external teeth, preferably with the same number of teeth. Gear - satellite is made installed with the formation of gearing between the teeth of its first 4 crowns and the teeth of the first 1 central gear wheel, and also with the formation of gearing between the teeth of its second 5 crowns and the teeth of the second 2 central gear. Gear - satellite is made connected, rotatably, with carrier 3 of the gear mechanism, which, in turn, is made kinematically, with the possibility of transmission of rotation, connected to the shaft of the heat engine (not shown). Moreover, the second 2 central gear wheel of the gear mechanism is made with the possibility of kinematic, with the possibility of transmitting rotation, connection with the transmission of technical equipment (not shown).

The electric machine contains a coaxially arranged inductor 6 and a rotor 7, made with the possibility of rotation. The rotor 7 of the electric machine is equipped with a ring-shaped laden or magnetodielectric magnetic circuit and a short-circuited winding 8 of the squirrel cage type, known for the use of asynchronous electric machines in rotors. The inductor 6 of the electric machine is made with a supplied shaft, as well as a cylindrical, mainly implicit pole, lined magnetic circuit with grooves and an n-phase, mainly three phase, power winding (not shown) of alternating current laid in the grooves of the magnetic circuit, as well as in accordance with the number of phases and the adopted connection diagram of the power phase windings, slip rings 9.

The inductor of the electric machine can be made equipped with an auxiliary, n-phase, mainly three-phase, alternating current winding (not shown) additionally laid in the grooves of the magnetic circuit and, accordingly, contact rings 10. In this case, the contact rings of the power and auxiliary windings can be made as in a drum (shown in Fig. 1), and in the end version (not shown).

The electric machine is made equipped with a contact-brush assembly (not shown) of an AC power winding, formed with the possibility of interaction of its brushes with contact rings 9 of the inductor power winding, and also, in the case of an auxiliary winding of an alternating current, a contact-brush assembly (not shown) auxiliary winding of alternating current, formed with the possibility of interaction of its brushes with contact rings 10 of the auxiliary winding of the inductor. Contact-brush nodes of the electric machine are made installed motionless. The rotor 7 of the electric machine is made kinematically, rotatably connected to the carrier 3, and the shaft of the inductor 6 of the electric machine is kinematically connected to the first 1 central gear of the gear mechanism. In this case, the kinematic connection of the inductor shaft with the first central gear of the planetary gear can be made reduced (not shown).

In principle, the electric machine can be made in the mechanical version (not shown). In this case, both the rotor and the inductor contain axially arranged, rotatably mounted, ring-shaped magnetic cores - an inductor with power and auxiliary windings, and a rotor with a squirrel-cage. In this case, the contact rings are made, preferably, in the end design. Compared to cylindrical, end induction motors have a number of advantages, among which one can distinguish less weight, better cooling, low-waste use of magnetic materials, the ability to perform magnetic cores using powder metallurgy methods, easier winding work or printing windings, higher dynamic performance ( for a number of technical means this quality may be useful). Moreover, from the abstract to the dissertation “End-face induction electric motors of integral manufacturing”, the author K.Ya. Vildanov, VAK specialty code: September 5, 01, Moscow, 2000, posted on the Internet resource http://www.dissercat.com/content/tortsevye-asinkhronnye-elektrodvigateli-integralnogo-izgotovleniya#ixzz4vCEN7K7Q viewed October 11, 2017, it is known that the Swiss company Micro-Electric has released a series of built-in end-face induction motors with a power of up to 1.1 kW, and the company Ferbenke. Morse and Co. ° with a power of up to 15 kW.

Returning to the hybrid power plant, it should be noted that the torque developed by the heat engine (not shown) transmitted to the carrier 3 of the gear mechanism can be completely transmitted to the second 2 central gear wheel of the gear mechanism and then the transmission of the technical means (not shown) or in the case of braking / locking of the first 1 central gear or in the case of unidirectional synchronous rotation of the first 1 central gear and carrier 3. In the kinematic scheme of the inventive hybrid with silt installation inductor 6 is mounted for rotation. The moment of resistance to rotation of the inductor, when the power and auxiliary windings are de-energized, is clearly less than the moment of resistance to rotation of the second 2 central gears and the moment of resistance to rotation developed by an electric machine operating in generator mode, which leads to the inevitable reverse drift of the inductor. Given the above, the hybrid power plant includes a friction clutch 11, made with the possibility of braking the first 1 of the Central gear of the gear mechanism. As already mentioned in RU 2629648, any of the prior art friction clutches can be used as a friction clutch in a hybrid power plant, but it is preferable to use a clutch containing a disk 12 and a caliper 13 equipped with a controlled friction mechanism (shown conditionally). The disk 12 is made installed with the possibility of transmitting braking torque to the first 1 Central gear wheel. Given the presence of a kinematic connection between the first 1 central gear wheel of the gear mechanism and the shaft of the inductor 6 of the electric machine, the friction clutch disk 12 is kinematically connected to the shaft of the inductor 6, mainly on the opposite, relative to the planetary mechanism, side of the electric machine. The support 13 of the friction clutch 11 is mounted stationary, and the friction mechanism (shown conditionally) is preferably able to smoothly brake, hold stationary and smoothly release the disc 12 of the friction clutch 11. Given that the control of the first central gear by an electric machine is coupled with the costs, in some cases, of scarce electric energy (for example, in the event of failure of an electric machine), it is advisable to perform the friction mechanism as with by direct (electromechanical) or indirect (mediated by hydraulics or pneumatics) control by means of electric energy, and with the possibility of direct (mechanical) or indirect (mediated by hydraulics or pneumatics) control by muscular human strength.

The galvanic connection of the brushes of the contact-brush assembly (not shown) of the AC power winding of the inductor 6 of the electric machine and the connecting terminals of the power storage of electric energy (not shown) of the hybrid power plant can be performed mainly by means of an electronic or electronic-contact converter (not shown) , whose functions should include inverting the n-phase (by the number of phases of the inductor) alternating current into direct current, inverting the direct current into n-phases st (according to the number of phases of the inductor) is variable, with the possibility of changing, within specified limits, the frequency and amplitude of the AC voltage (type of current), as well as with the possibility of changing the phase rotation. A priori, we will also assume that the converter provides the current amplitudes required for the operation of the electric machine (in this case, the term current amplitude is used as a characteristic of power). In this case, the hybrid power plant may additionally contain a block of starting capacitors (not shown) corresponding to the number of phases, which are usually used to bring asynchronous electric machines into generator mode. The galvanic connection of the brushes of the contact-brush assembly (not shown) of the auxiliary winding of the alternating current inductor 6 of the electric machine and the terminals of the auxiliary electric energy storage device (not shown), the hybrid power plant can be performed by means of an auxiliary electronic converter (not shown), in the composition of the functions performed which includes at least rectification and regulation of the amplitude of the voltage generated by the auxiliary winding. Mention of these nodes is necessary only to understand the operation of the inventive hybrid power plant, their design and interconnections may be different and these differences do not affect the essence of the proposed solution.

The invention works as follows: The heat engine is the leading power plant, the electric machine is auxiliary. The movement of a technical device, carried out exclusively by means of an electric machine or exclusively by means of a heat engine, should be considered as an extreme regime.

1. Starting the heat engine.

At the initial moment of time, the heat engine (not shown) was stopped, the carrier 3 kinematically connected to the heat engine was stopped, the technical means (not shown) was stopped, the second 2 central gear wheel of the gear mechanism kinematically connected to the transmission of the technical means (conditionally shown) was stopped blocked by a regular braking device of a technical tool (not shown), the disk 12 of the friction clutch 11, as well as the inductor 6 and the first 1 central gear wheel kinematically connected with it, th e friction clutch mechanism 11 from rotating. The supply to the power winding (not shown) of the inductor 6 of n-phase voltage (according to the number of phases of the winding of the inductor of alternating current), with the frequency set by the starting revolutions of the heat engine and the direction of rotation of the shaft of the heat engine by phase rotation, creates a rotating magnetic field of the inductor 6. Phase rotation providing the direction of rotation of the magnetic field of the inductor, consistent with the shaft of the heat engine, we denote by the term direct alternating phases. The rotating magnetic field of the inductor 6 generates an electric current in the short-circuited winding 8 of the rotor 7, which creates a magnetic field of the rotor 7. The interaction of the magnetic fields of the rotor 7 and the inductor 6 creates a torque driving the rotor 7, carrier 3 and the shaft of the heat engine (not shown) in asynchronous rotation in the direction of rotation of the magnetic field of the inductor 6. Cogwheels 4 and 5 of the gear - satellite, connected with the possibility of rotation with the carrier 3, freely run around the corresponding cogwheels stopped first 1 and second 2 central gears. When the shaft of the heat engine reaches the starting speed, the heat engine starts. It should be noted here that a smooth increase in the frequency of the alternating current contributes to a smooth increase in the rotation speed of the shaft of the heat engine, providing its preliminary pre-start scrolling.

2. The work of the hybrid power plant with immobilized technical equipment.

The second 2 central gear wheel of the gear mechanism, kinematically connected with the transmission of the technical means, is stopped by a standard braking device (not shown) of the technical means, the 3 gears and the rotor 7 of the electric machine drove with the shaft speed of the heat engine. In this case, the rotor 7 is a flywheel, the energy of which, at the time of the breakdown of the technical means, can be added to the energy of the heat engine (and the electric machine when putting it into electric motor mode).

2.1 - The power winding of the inductor 6 is de-energized, the inductor 6 is inhibited. Gear - a satellite driven by carrier 3 and its gear ring 5 along the gear ring of the second 2 central gear, rotates the first 1 central gear with its gear ring 4 in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of carrier 3. The specified movement is due to the low resistance to rotation of the brake inductor 6. This mode is optimal for the operation of a heat engine with a low speed of its output shaft.

2.2 - Inductor 6 is inhibited. The power winding of the inductor 6 is de-energized. The gear wheel-satellite is freely driven around with carrier 3 with its rims 4 and 5 along the gear rims of the first 1 and second 2 of the central gears. The increased rotational speed of the shaft of the heat engine, equal to carrier 3 and rotor 7, can be used to operate an electric machine, during the idle time of a technical tool, in generator mode and to increase the energy stored by the rotor, which, in turn, can be used at the time of stragging technical means.

2.3 - The inductor 6 is inhibited, the gear - the satellite freely rolls around with the carrier 3 along the gear rims of the first 1 and second 2 central gears, starting capacitors (not shown) are connected to the power winding of the inductor 6. Under the influence of residual magnetism of the rotor in the power winding of the inductor 6, a residual EMF is generated, under the action of which a current flows through the starting capacitors and the power winding, which, in turn, enhances the magnetic flux of the inductor, as a result of which the induced EMF increases to the value determined by the parameters of the electric machine and capacitors values - the electric machine switches to the mode of an autonomous asynchronous generator rotated by a heat engine.

2.4 - The inductor 6 is inhibited, the gear - the satellite freely rolls around with the carrier 3 along the gears of the first 1 and second 2 central gears, the AC power winding of the inductor 6 is connected to an electronic converter (not shown) or, with synchronization and with a predetermined network by phase rotation, to an external AC network (not shown), the shaft of the heat engine (carrier 3) rotates the rotor 7 of the electric machine with a frequency exceeding the frequency of the current generated by an electronic converter (not shown) or an external network (not shown ). The electric machine goes into asynchronous generator mode. In this case, the reactive power necessary for the appearance of a rotating magnetic field, the machine receives from an electronic current transducer (not shown) or from an external electrical network (not shown).

3. The movement of the technical means (the performance of useful work) carried out by means of a heat engine and an electric machine.

The inductor 6 and the first 1 central gear wheel of the gear mechanism are braked by means of a friction clutch 11. The smooth disengagement of a standard brake device (not shown) of the technical means smoothly disengages the second 2 central gear wheel of the gear mechanism and, consequently, reduces the moment of resistance of its rotation.

When applying to the power winding of the inductor 6 an alternating voltage with a direct alternation of phases, a given amplitude and frequency, taking into account the increase in the rotational speed of the shaft of the controlled heat engine and taking into account the sliding of the rotor 7, a rotating magnetic field is induced, in phase with the direction of rotation of the rotor 7, pulling the rotor 7, drove 3 and the shaft of the heat engine in the direction of rotation of the shaft of the heat engine, summing the torques of the rotor 7 of the electric machine operating in electric motor mode and the shaft of the heat engine.

Gear - satellite driven by carrier 3 with one of its gears along the gears of the first 1 (inhibited) central gear wheel, with its other gears it rotates the second 2 central gears in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of carrier 3. The technical means begins to move with acceleration, or moves without acceleration at an increased moment of resistance to the movement of the technical means (performs work).

The algorithm for starting the movement of a technical tool may be different. At the initial time, the inductor 6 and the first 1 central gear of the gear mechanism are inhibited, the second 2 central gear is inhibited by a standard braking system (not shown) of the technical means. Gear - a satellite driven by carrier 3 with one of its gears along the gears of the second 2 (inhibited) central gear wheel, with its other gears it rotates the first 1 central gear wheel in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of carrier 3. To start the movement of the technical means, the first 1 Central gear must be stopped. This action can be performed either by means of a friction clutch 11, controlled by human muscle power or by an automatic device, or by means of an electric machine by applying alternating voltage inductor 6 to the power winding with the corresponding phase rotation. For the electric machine to switch to the anti-inclusion mode, a direct phase sequence is required (in this case, the in-phase direction of rotation of the carrier 3), and for translation into the electromagnetic brake mode (electric generator mode), the reverse (in this case, antiphase direction of rotation of the carrier 3) is phase rotation. The process of stopping the first 1 central gear must be coordinated, according to the moments of resistance to rotation, with the process of disinhibition of the second 2 central gear.

The algorithm for starting the movement of a technical tool may have a third form. At the initial time, the inductor 6 and the first 1 central gear of the planetary gear are disinhibited, the second 2 central gear is disengaged, the technical tool is immobilized by forces of resistance to movement. The management processes, in this case, are similar to those described in the previous paragraph.

4. The movement of the technical means (the performance of useful work), carried out by means of an exclusively heat engine.

The transmission of the technical equipment is inhibited, the second 2 central gear wheel is inhibited, the first 1 central gear wheel is inhibited by the friction clutch And, the power winding of the inductor 6 is de-energized. Gear - a satellite driven by carrier 3 with one of its gears along the gears of the first 1 central gear wheel, with its other gears it rotates the second 2 central gears in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of carrier 3. The technical tool does the work.

5. The movement of technical equipment (the performance of useful work), carried out by means of an exclusively electric machine.

The transmission of the technical equipment is inhibited, the second 2 central gear wheel is inhibited, the first 1 central gear wheel is inhibited, carrier 3 and the inductor rotor 7 are inhibited by the moment of resistance to rotation of the stopped heat engine. When applying alternating voltage with reverse phase rotation, a given amplitude and frequency to the power winding of the inductor 6, a rotating magnetic field is induced in the latter, ultimately driving the inductor 6 of the electric machine in rotation in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of carrier 3, which is typical for the described above modes. The rotation of the first 1 central gear wheel interacting with the ring gear 4 of the gear - satellite, leads to the rotation of the satellite in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the first 1 central gear wheel. Gear - satellite, interacting with its gear ring 5 with the ring gear of the second central gear rotates the second 2 central gear in the opposite direction relative to the characteristic direction of rotation of carrier 3. The technical tool does the work.

6. About generation of electric energy by an electric machine.

The balance of moments of rotation and moments of resistance to rotation of the hybrid power plant M ₂ = M _s + M _j + M _g , where

M ₂ is the torque transmitted to the transmission of the technical means by the second central gear of the gear mechanism from the shaft of the heat engine, which is directly proportional to the average effective pressure developed in the combustion chamber of the heat engine / fuel consumption.

M _with - the moment of resistance to rotation of the second Central gear of the gear mechanism, opposed to the transmission of the technical means due to the implementation of the movement of the technical means or its working body.

M _j - the moment of inertia, which is directly proportional to the weight of the movable part of the technical means, the moments of inertia included in the transmission and the working body of the rotating parts and the magnitude of the acceleration of the moving parts of the technical means.

M _g is the moment of resistance to rotation of the rotor of an electric machine operating in the generator mode, which is directly proportional to the amplitude of the current (I _g ) generated in the windings of the inductor of the electric machine when the equipment is moving.

With the accelerated movement of a technical tool (its working body), in order to minimize fuel consumption by a heat engine, the electric machine, as a generator, must be de-energized, then the equation of the balance of moments will take the form M ₂ = M _c + M _j . In uniform motion the technical means (its working body) M _j → 0 and moment balance equation may take the form M = ₂ M _c + M _g.

From the above balances of the moments of uniformly accelerated and uniform movements, it follows that the hybrid power plant, with the uniform movement of the technical means (its working body) and the heat engine maintaining the fuel consumption at the level characteristic of uniformly accelerated movement, has an excess of energy that can be converted by an electric machine , taking into account losses, into the energy of a power storage unit of electric energy.

M _j = M _r

Based on the relative short duration of the modes of movement of the technical tool (its working body) with acceleration relative to the pre-start downtime and the time of uniform movement, it follows the possibility of compensating for the moment of resistance by putting the electric machine into operation in electric motor mode. M _d = -M _j , where M _d is the torque developed by the rotor of an electric machine, switched to electric motor mode, when power is supplied to the power winding of its inductor from a power storage of electrical energy.

можно утверждать, что I_{г stop}>>I_г, где I_{г stop} амплитуда тока, вырабатываемого обмоткой индуктора во время работы электрической машины в режиме генератора при обездвиженном техническом средстве. В данном режиме электрическая машина обеспечивает быструю зарядку силового накопителя электрической энергии, в качестве которого целесообразно использовать электрохимический конденсатор (ионистор). Перевод электрической машины в режим генератора осуществляется увеличением частоты вращения ротора электрической машины (вала теплового двигателя) относительно частоты n-фазного напряжения, подаваемого преобразователем тока (не показан) на обмотку индуктора или подключением параллельно нагрузке электрических конденсаторов (не показаны) регламентированной емкости, величина которой зависит от импеданса электрической нагрузки и от мощности электрической машины в генераторном режиме.It is completely obvious that when the first gears of the gear 1 and the second 2 are braked and the heat engine is running, while maintaining the fuel consumption at a level characteristic of uniformly accelerated movement, the moment balance equation will take the form M ₂ = M _{g stop,} where M _{g stop} - the moment of resistance to rotation of the rotor of an electric machine operating in the generator mode with immobilized technical equipment, and M _{g stop} >> M _g. Given that

it can be argued that I _{g stop} >> I _g , where I _{g stop is the} amplitude of the current generated by the inductor winding during operation of the electric machine in generator mode with immobilized technical equipment. In this mode, the electric machine provides fast charging of the power storage of electrical energy, which is advisable to use an electrochemical capacitor (ionistor). The transfer of the electric machine into generator mode is carried out by increasing the rotational speed of the rotor of the electric machine (shaft of the heat engine) relative to the frequency of the n-phase voltage supplied by the current converter (not shown) to the inductor winding or by connecting a regulated capacitor in parallel with the load of electric capacitors (not shown), the value of which depends on the impedance of the electric load and the power of the electric machine in the generator mode.

When connecting the terminals of the inductor winding, rotated by a heat engine (with immobilized technical equipment), to an external electric network or to an autonomous network of an external synchronous electric machine (not shown), the electric machine of the technical tool can be used as an additional energy source, ensuring the operability of the power system, created by the above connection. In this mode, the transfer of the electric machine into generator mode is ensured by an increase in the rotational speed of the rotor of the electric machine (shaft of the heat engine) relative to the frequency of the voltage of the external (created by the connection) electric network (not shown), while the reactive power necessary to excite the electric machine can be obtained from the external network. Methods for including asynchronous generators in parallel operation with an electric network are known from the prior art; one of the many methods is described, for example, in the technical solution of patent RU 2417501, 6MPK H02J 3/42, Н02Р 9/46, F25B 11/00, F03D 7 / 04, publ. 04/27/2011.

All the above formulas are illustrative and relate to the operation of an electric machine in the context of the power winding of an inductor.

About the auxiliary winding of the inductor:

The inductor of an electric machine, in fact, is a transformer made to rotate on a number of modes of a hybrid power plant. A rotating magnetic field created by the power winding of the inductor of an electric machine operating both in the generator mode and in the electric motor mode interacts with the auxiliary winding of the inductor, which is closed to the load (to the auxiliary converter and electric energy storage device), where the EMF of the auxiliary winding is induced, under the influence of which in the electric circuit of the auxiliary winding begins to flow electric current.

At the same time, I would like to note that asynchronous electric generators, in comparison with synchronous ones, are characterized by increased overload capacity, as well as a lesser degree of non-linear distortion of the output voltage (average - for synchronous generators, the cofactor can reach 15% while for asynchronous ones it does not exceeds 2%), which allows the use of asynchronous generators to power various kinds of electronic devices.

7. On the operation of an electric machine in electric motor mode.

The fundamental possibility of controlling the angular speed of an induction motor by changing the frequency of the supply voltage follows from the dependence:

, где

where

ω _E - angular speed of the rotor of the electric machine,

_And f - frequency current flowing in the power windings of the inductor,

S is the slip of the rotor,

p is the number of pairs of poles of the inductor.

It is known from the prior art that the frequency regulation of the rotational speed of the rotors of asynchronous electric motors is used for intermittent modes of operation, including with frequent changes in the direction of rotation or intensive braking of the rotor. In this case, when regulating the frequency, it also becomes necessary to regulate the voltage amplitude, which follows from the dependence:

, где

where

U _And - the amplitude of the voltage supplied to the windings of the inductor,

k is the coefficient of proportionality, depending on the design features of the electric machine,

F is the magnetic flux of the inductor.

With a constant amplitude of the voltage supplied to the windings of the inductor:

- with a decrease in its frequency, the magnetic flux increases, which leads to an increase in the current flowing through the windings of the inductor and, as a consequence, to an increase in the torque of the rotor, but the process is accompanied by increased heat generation in the windings of the electric machine;

- with increasing frequency, the magnetic flux decreases, respectively, respectively, decreases the current flowing through the windings of the inductor and, as a result, decreases the torque developed by the rotor of the electric motor.

The fundamental possibility of the electric motor working on a common load with the heat engine follows from the expression 1 mentioned in this clause, from the power balance of the technical means, and also from the dependence:

, где

where

N _i - indicator power of the heat engine,

Q is the calorific value of the fuel,

L is the air flow

V is the displacement of the heat engine,

ω _d - the angular frequency of rotation of the shaft of the heat engine.

The above formulas 1, 2, 3 are illustrative.

The increase in torque on the rotor of an electric machine, which is kinematically connected with the carrier of the gear mechanism and the shaft of the heat engine, leads to a decrease in the resistance to rotation of the shaft of the heat engine and, while maintaining a given fuel consumption, to an increase in the speed of rotation of the shaft of the heat engine, respectively, to an increase in the speed of movement technical equipment or its working body.

If the magnitude of the torque developed on the shaft of the heat engine exceeds the magnitude of the torque developed by the rotor of the electric machine, the inductor of the electric machine must be de-energized. With a discharged electric energy storage device, in case of excess power developed by the heat engine, the electric machine must / can be put into generator mode. The electric machine can be put into generator mode by feeding, through a converter (not shown), to the winding of an alternating voltage inductor with a frequency that ensures that the inductor generates a rotating magnetic field, the angular frequency of rotation of which is less than the angular frequency of rotation of the rotor or by connecting the starting capacitors mentioned above (not shown). In the latter case, the output of an electric machine, as a generator, to the power output mode, is carried out with a slight delay.

The invention provides the creation of a hybrid power plant for a technical tool equipped with one electric machine and not containing an overrunning clutch. At the same time, the hybrid power plant provides a time-limited operation of the technical means in case of failure of the heat engine and a relatively long-term operation of the technical means in case of failure of the electric machine.

Claims (2)

1. A hybrid power plant of a technical tool, including an electric energy storage device, a gear mechanism, a heat engine and an electric machine, where the gear mechanism comprises first and second central gears, a carrier, and also at least one satellite gear with external teeth, connected, rotatably, to the carrier of the gear mechanism, the electric machine comprises an inductor and a rotor, the carrier of the planetary mechanism is kinematically connected to the shaft of the heat engine, featuring by the fact that the first and second central gears of the gear mechanism are axially arranged, provided with external teeth, the satellite gear is provided with the first and second axially spaced gears, the satellite gear is installed to form gearing between the teeth of its first ring and the teeth of the first the central gear, and also with the formation of gearing between the teeth of its second ring and the teeth of the second central gear, the machine is made cylindrical, containing a rotor installed with the possibility of rotation, including an annular magnetic circuit and a short-circuited winding, as well as an inductor mounted with the possibility of rotation, including a shaft, slip rings, a lined cylindrical magnetic circuit with grooves and a power, mainly three-phase, placed in the grooves AC winding, the terminals of which are galvanically connected to the slip rings, the electric machine is equipped with an installed movable by a contact-brush unit of an alternating current power winding, formed with the possibility of interaction of its brushes with the contact rings of the inductor, the rotor of the electric machine is made kinematically, with the possibility of transmitting rotation, connected to the carrier of the gear mechanism, the inductor shaft of the electric machine is made kinematically, with the possibility of transmitting rotation, connected to the first Central gear of the gear mechanism, the second Central gear of the planetary gear is made with the possibility of kin mathic compound with transmission of a mean, a hybrid propulsion system is formed provided with a friction clutch, adapted to brake the sun gear of the first gear mechanism. 2. The hybrid power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric machine is equipped with an auxiliary, mainly three-phase AC winding, located in the grooves of the inductor magnetic circuit, contact rings of the auxiliary winding, and a fixed contact-brush assembly of the auxiliary winding.

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