RU2650094C2 - Method of the wind speed and its directions horizontal and vertical components averaged values determination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement; test.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of meteorology and can be used to determine the wind speed and its direction horizontal and vertical components averaged values. Summary: launching the multi-rotor type unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) into the region of interest, which is made capable of hovering and returning to a given point in space. When the UAV reaches a given point in space, it is put into the horizontal position holding mode and the "zero buoyancy", characterized by equality in modulus and opposite in the direction of the UAV thrust vector and its weight. After the time necessary to equalize the UAV speed relative to the wind, determined empirically from the disappearance of the acceleration, using the satellite navigation system measuring the latitude, longitude and altitude of the first point, as well as the current time. After that, measuring the latitude, longitude and altitude of the second point and the current time. Solving the inverse geodetic problem, calculating the wind speed and its direction horizontal and vertical components averaged values.

EFFECT: technical result is expansion of functional capabilities.

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Description

The method for determining the averaged values of the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed and its direction relates to meteorology and is intended to measure wind parameters at a given point.

Known methods and devices for determining the speed and direction of the wind by using balloons or radiosondes (Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2101736, IPC G01W 1/02, 10/01/1998, utility patents No. 103195, IPC G01W 1/08, 12/01/2010 No. 92204, IPC G01W 1/02, 03/10/2010).

The disadvantage of such technical solutions is the difficulty in ensuring the immobility of the probe relative to the environment, which reduces the accuracy of determining the desired values.

The closest is the method described in the device for determining the speed and direction of the wind at a given height, which is selected as a prototype. The method consists in launching the probe into the desired region of space to a predetermined height using special means, ensuring the probe moves in the horizontal direction in the wind and recording the speed and direction of the wind using special means. The probe is equipped with a satellite navigation system, an electronic gyroscope, an electronic magnetic compass (RF Patent 98256, IPC G01W 1/00, 04/27/2010).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to determine the vertical component of the wind speed and the difficulty of bringing the probe in the horizontal direction in the wind and ensuring its immobility relative to the environment.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of functionality, improving the accuracy of the probe following the movement of the environment, ensuring its immobility relative to the environment.

The technical result is the expansion of functionality, namely measuring the average values of the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed and its direction at a given point.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, as in the known method for determining the averaged values of wind speed and direction, a probe is launched into a region of space of interest to a predetermined height, the probe moves in the wind, and its trajectory is monitored by the wind, directing information to the radio receiving system, the probe is equipped with a satellite navigation system, an electronic gyroscope, an electronic magnetic compass.

Unlike the known method, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of a multi-rotor type, capable of hovering in the air and returning to a given point in space, is used as a probe. Upon reaching the required height and geographical coordinates, the UAVs are transferred to the horizontal position and zero buoyancy holding mode, which is characterized by equality in absolute value and opposite in direction of the thrust vector and UAV weight. Then, after the time necessary to equalize the speed of the UAV relative to the wind, which is determined empirically, by the disappearance of acceleration, the latitude, longitude and height of the first point and the current time are measured using a satellite navigation system, and after a certain time, the latitude, longitude, and height of the second are measured points and current time, after which, solving the inverse geodesic problem, calculate the average values of the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed and its direction.

The UAV movement in the mode described above corresponds to the average wind movement in a given area of space. To determine the direction and magnitude of the three-dimensional vector of the average wind speed, it is necessary to consider such indications of navigation devices as latitude, longitude and altitude.

To perform work on determining the average values of the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed and its direction, it is proposed to use multi-rotor UAVs with an electric power plant, which are equipped with a satellite navigation system, an electronic gyroscope, an electronic compass and an altimeter. The set of the remote monitoring complex should include: an aircraft located in a protective case weighing no more than 20 kg, convenient for carrying in the field; ground control station (NSU) with a laptop of special design (shockproof, dust and moisture protection); charging station (charger) with a set of batteries for the UAV; a set of spare parts and auxiliary equipment for minor repairs in the field; flight operation manual, passports and UAV forms.

It is recommended to include in the additional equipment of the remote monitoring complex: a small-sized gas-fired power station with a capacity of at least 1 kW or an additional car battery with a capacity of at least 55 A / hour and weighing no more than 20 kg (for working in the field in the absence of a car, or the inability to drive the car to a place start); removable storage medium; satellite navigator (GLONASS / GPS); 2-3 sets of “beacon” with individual power supply and a duration of at least 6 hours, if the design and software of the UAV allows their use; 2-3 removable flash memory cards of at least 16 GB for recording video (photo) information on board the UAV, if the design and software of the UAV allows their use; antenna extension cable 15-20 m long with a signal amplifier to increase the height of the antenna in the field, if the design and software of the NSU allows their use.

The method was carried out as follows.

1. A multi-rotor UAV was launched at the measurement point, capable of hovering in the air and returning to a given point in space, which has a satellite navigation system, a gyroscope and a magnetic compass.

2. When the UAV reaches the desired point with preselected geographical coordinates, the UAV is transferred to the horizontal holding and “zero buoyancy” modes, which is characterized by equality in absolute value and opposite in direction of the thrust vector and UAV weight. After the time required to equalize the speed of the UAV relative to the wind (the time was determined empirically, by the disappearance of acceleration), we began to fix the readings of the on-board navigation devices. The recorded readings contain data on both the horizontal (latitude-longitude) and vertical (height) position of the UAV.

3. Taking the recorded readings of navigation instruments corresponding to the wind characteristics in the considered area, we determined the direction and magnitude of the three-dimensional vector of the average wind speed.

4. The source data was transmitted to the ground control station via a standard radio channel (telemetry).

You can return the UAV to the starting point and repeat steps 1 ... 3, or move the UAV to a new measurement point, or make the UAV land to replace the batteries.

This algorithm can be performed automatically, according to the program.

The measured values are transmitted to the ground control station with telemetry and analyzed automatically in real time.

Thus, the averaged wind speed at a given height can be calculated by averaging the uneven movement of the UAV along the trajectory, taking into account not only the horizontal, but also the vertical component of the speed.

As a UAV, a DJI Spreading Wings S900 hexacopter with modified software was used.

A variant is possible in which the measured values are recorded on removable media mounted on the UAV. Calculations are carried out after landing UAV.

Additional advantages: independence from cloudiness, fog; arbitrary choice of measuring point; controlled return of the probe to the starting point upon completion of measurements.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the averaged values of the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed and its direction, in which a probe is launched into an area of space, moving under the influence of wind and equipped with navigation devices, characterized in that a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used as a probe, capable of hover and return to a given point in space, when the UAV reaches the desired point with pre-selected geographical coordinates, it is put into hold mode horizontal position and “zero buoyancy”, characterized by equality in absolute value and opposite in direction of the UAV thrust vector and its weight, then after the time required to equalize the speed of the UAV relative to the wind, which is determined empirically from the disappearance of acceleration, measure the latitude using a satellite navigation system , the longitude and height of the first point and the current time, and then measure the latitude, longitude, height of the second point and the current time, after which, solving the inverse geodesic problem, calculate the average dnennye the horizontal and vertical components of wind velocity and direction.