RU2648008C1 - Device for collecting information on the sizes of dynamic impacts on flexible structures and the state of end-function fiber-detectors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the fibre-optic technology. Device comprises a station part, an optical fiber transport cable connected by optical contact to the reflectometer at one end, and connected to a splitter a second end used to fork and continue transporting the energy of the probing pulses to sensitive parts of the optical circuit of the device, adjusting optical coils, splitters of the transport part of the optical circuit; splitters, intended directly for the formation of an optical ring sensitive part of the device, and fiber optic detectors. Shunted transport parts of the device on a part of the splitters and segments of the transport cable produce a separation of the energy of the probe pulse to the required power level in order to provide the magnitude of the reflection signals from the sensitive part of the optical circuit of the device in the nominal range from the measurement scale of the receiving device, as well as deliver the energy of the laser pulse to the splitters that form the optical rings of the sensitive part of the optical circuit of the device and form the return signals of the probe pulse.

EFFECT: technical result consists in providing the possibility of using as a primary data carrier of a reflection or return signal using a small fraction of the probe pulse power.

12 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to fiber optic technology, and in particular to fiber optic security systems. The invention relates to combined multi-zone fiber-optic signaling means for guarding the perimeters of small and extended objects in conjunction with end fiber-optic detectors (hereinafter - KOI) and is based on the use of a highly sensitive effect of the dependence of phase, phase-polarizing, amplitude and frequency characteristics of the magnitude of the returned signals generated during the passage of part of the energy probing a short pulse of laser radiation through an optical fiber in the forward direction to art reflectors and in the opposite direction from them, modulated by physical influences on the sensitive part of the artificial reflectors, as well as signals from end fiber detectors, the principle of operation of which is based on using the properties of the optical fiber to change the transmission capacity of the probe laser radiation depending on the geometric shape of the optical fiber as amended by the working body of the CFI.

Information from the returned signals from controlled areas on the magnitude of the dynamic impact on the barriers and the positions of the working bodies of the CFI is collected using an information processing device, an OTDR and a fiber-optic cable network branched on splitters. The placement range of the controlled zones and CFI in each direction can reach 25,000 m or more, while ensuring the required energy of the probe pulse allocated to the controlled zones and CFI.

KOI can be used in burglar alarm systems, panic alarm buttons, the state of gate sensors and gates of perimeters of small and extended territories, the position of manhole covers for well spaces, as well as the status of doors of structures and premises, sensors of the position of gutters, alarms, wall conditions for cracks, fractures and breaks, liquid level sensors, limit pressure sensors, etc. without the use of electrical energy at a distance of 100 to 50,000 meters, in t including the use of CFI in explosive atmospheres, in conditions of 100% humidity, increased gas contamination and dust, when working in water, including fecal effluents, in conditions of increased radiation, in conditions that exclude the possibility of using electrical devices, in conditions of high-power electromagnetic interference.

State of the art

The prior art designs of devices using optical fiber to record the status of various systems (see, for example, RU 2599527 C1, 10/10/2016).

The disadvantages of this design are the inability to restore the phase distribution of the optical signal along the cable, which reduces the accuracy of measuring the impact and determining the exact location of the impact on the fiber optic cable.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result, the achievement of which the proposed technical solution is aimed, is that:

- it is possible to use, as the main information carrier, a reflection or return signal using a small part of the probe pulse power, depending on the transceiver used;

- the possibility of guaranteed receipt of clear information about the reflection signal, which depends on the position of the working body of the KOI;

- providing the possibility of using taps of varying degrees of branching, a different number of branches and types as the main device for separating and combining the signals of parts of the probe pulses and signals of reflection or return;

- providing the possibility of obtaining a result over a wide range of branches of the probe pulse power, while providing a reflection or return power that does not reach the saturation limits of the input amplifier of the OTDR receiver (optimally in the range from 25% to 75% of the transducer scale);

- ensuring registration of vibroacoustic effects on the CE and the structures on which it is fixed;

- ensuring the registration of impacts in a wide range, including, for example, impacts characteristic of violations created by a standard intruder when trying to overcome flexible obstacles in various ways of overcoming;

- providing a distinction between the types of impacts created by interference factors and the standard intruder in a wide range of constant interference factors and the actions of the intruder when overcoming flexible barriers;

- providing the possibility of building up one arbitrary transceiver device of an arbitrary number of control zones, arbitrary length (sizes), arbitrary range of their location, arbitrary geometric configuration, arbitrary topology (linear arrangement, star or combined), limited only by the limits of the nominal value of the branch power of laser radiation, the maximum the length of the monitored zone, the length of the transport cable and the temporary distribution of the returned signals;

- the possibility of sequentially increasing the size and number of controlled zones of the system without stopping the operation of the alarm means;

- providing the possibility of using as a transport one or more cores of a single-mode fiber-optic cable;

- providing the ability to determine the impact site within a separate controlled area with a margin of error when organizing at least two counter-enabled zones at the same security line;

- ensuring a reduction in the total volume of costs through the use of simpler and cheaper components, as well as through the simplification of installation and commissioning using factory-made components;

- the ability to highlight simultaneously in one system the dynamic and static characteristics of the object;

- the ability to control the magnitude of the selected power to optimize the sensitivity of the sensor cable and limit the power of the returned signals below the saturation level of the receiving device.

- the ability to use the method of information compaction without changing the main purpose of the equipment to increase the processing speed, quality and quantity of data on the useful part of the information;

- the ability to use simple and cheap diagnostic tools for fiber-optic communication lines (reflectometers) with open protocols for transferring data to the upper level (computer);

In addition, with the above technical result at the same time, it is provided:

возможность использования более простых (и соответственно более дешевых) оптоэлектронных блоков генерации и регистрации потока импульсов излучения и отражения (возвращения);

the possibility of using simpler (and therefore cheaper) optoelectronic units for generating and recording the flow of radiation and reflection pulses (return);

возможность использования в системе в качестве транспортной части одной или нескольких жил одномодового кабеля;

the possibility of using one or several single-mode cable cores in the system as a transport part;

возможность совмещения в одном кабеле и в одной жиле функций транспортной части и функций чувствительного элемента;

the possibility of combining in one cable and in one core the functions of the transport part and the functions of the sensitive element;

возможность использования в системе зон контроля, удаленных на значительные расстояния (например, 50 км) и связанные с системой при помощи собственной или независимой транспортной линии по одной или нескольким жилами одномодового кабеля;

the possibility of using in the system control zones that are remote over long distances (for example, 50 km) and connected to the system using one's own or independent transport line through one or several cores of a single-mode cable;

возможность «наращивания» числа контролируемых зон в любом месте транспортной части системы без прерывания функционирования уже имеющихся участков (зон) контроля, при достаточной мощности ответвления части зондирующего импульса;

the possibility of "increasing" the number of monitored zones anywhere in the transport part of the system without interrupting the functioning of existing sections (zones) of control, with sufficient branch power of a part of the probe pulse;

возможность определения места воздействия в пределах отдельной контролируемой зоны с допустимой погрешностью при организации не менее двух встречно включенных зон на одном рубеже охраны;

the ability to determine the impact site within a separate controlled area with an acceptable error when organizing at least two counter-enabled zones at the same security line;

возможность организации дублирующих зон контроля в одном кабеле, обеспечивающем функционирование системы при обрыве ЧЭ или транспортного кабеля;

the possibility of organizing duplicate control zones in one cable, which ensures the functioning of the system when the CE or transport cable breaks;

использование в системе в качестве идеального и стабильного зеркального отражателя «возвращателя(ей)» в виде оптически замкнутых концов сплиттера или схемы возвращения сигнала зондирующего импульса, основанного на применении сплиттеров и\или системы сплиттеров, возвращающих лазерный импульс обратно через волокно ЧЭ в транспортную часть;

the use in the system as an ideal and stable mirror reflector of the “return (s)” in the form of optically closed ends of the splitter or the return circuit of the probe pulse signal, based on the use of splitters and / or a system of splitters that return the laser pulse back through the CE fiber to the transport part;

однотипность применяемых средств (модульный принцип формирования системы) заводской готовности. Более простые средства монтажа и обслуживания;

uniformity of applied means (modular principle of system formation) of factory readiness. Simpler installation and maintenance tools;

возможность выделения одновременно в одной системе динамических и статических характеристик объекта;

the ability to highlight simultaneously in one system the dynamic and static characteristics of the object;

возможность использования метода уплотнения информации без изменения основного назначения в работе оборудования в целях:

the ability to use the method of information compaction without changing the main purpose of the equipment in order to:

- Multiple increase in the amount of data on the useful part of information;

- a multiple increase in the frequency of interrogation of scatterometry data;

- the possibility of using the simplest and cheapest diagnostic tools for fiber-optic communication lines (reflectometers);

- increase the range of accommodation and the number of controlled zones.

These problems are solved by creating a device for collecting information on dynamic effects on flexible structures with a sensitive element made of single-mode fiber optic cable and static information on the position of the working body of fiber-optic sensors using the reflectometric measurement method, containing the station part, which is the receiving - transmitting unit, consisting of a computing device and with at least one optical reflectometer, optical fiber transport a cable designed to transport the energy of the probe laser pulses in the forward and backward direction, connected by an optical contact to the reflectometer at one end, and the second end connected to a splitter used to branch and continue transporting the energy of the probe pulses to the sensitive parts of the optical circuit of the device; adjusting optical coils (hardware delay lines) designed to adjust the sensitivity of individual parts of the device and regulate the time the reflection signals return to the input of the receiving device, splitters of the transport part of the optical circuit, designed to continue transporting parts of the probe pulse energy to the following splitters for subsequent branching to the sensitive part devices splitters designed directly to form the optical ring of the sensitive part of the device, and end fiber optic detectors, characterized in that the branched transport parts of the device into parts of the splitters and lengths of the transport cable separate the energy of the probe pulse to the required power level in order to ensure the magnitude of the reflection signals from the sensitive part optical scheme of the device in the nominal range from the measuring scale of the receiving device, as well as It delivers the energy of the laser pulse to the connection point of the splitters forming the optical rings of the sensitive part of the optical circuit of the device and generating signals of the return of the probe pulse to the receiving device, the time of receipt of which at the input of the receiving device depends on the length of the transport part and the length of the sensitive part, including the length of the adjustment coils from an optical fiber, while the magnitude of the change in the reflection signal depends on the degree of attenuation of the signal level in the optical fiber, the degree of the energy of the probe pulse in the transport part of the device, the phase shift of the returned signals from the sensitive part of the device, associated with the difference in the shape and length of the paths of the pulses in the fiber in the opposite direction in the optical ring of the sensitive part to the point of exposure, the dynamics of the magnitude of the reflection signal corresponds to and the nature of the elastic deformation of the sensitive part of the device arising from the dynamic impact of the intruder on the structure on which on the sensitive part of the device.

In all the claimed solutions, the sensitivity of optical rings to mechanical stresses is maximum at the beginning of the optical ring, in any direction and is insensitive at the farthest end of the optical ring or in the middle of the ring, and the sensitivity of the optical ring gradually decreases from the beginning of the ring to the middle of the sensitive part, depending on the characteristics of the equipment used and is regulated by the total ring length of the sensitive part of the device.

In another embodiment of the claimed solution, the sensitivity of the optical rings to mechanical stress is controlled by installing an additional coil of the same optical fiber at the end of the ring, ensuring equal sensitivity of both shoulders of the ring at the beginning, at the point of their attachment to the splitter.

In another embodiment of the claimed solution, the sensitivity of the optical rings to mechanical stress is controlled by installing an additional coil of the same optical fiber at the beginning of one of the arms of the ring, providing greater sensitivity to the other arm connected to the splitter.

In another embodiment of the claimed solution, the optical fibers of the sensitive part of the device of each monitored section are formed of two oppositely directed optical rings that use different optical cores in two fiber-optic cables and allow, by the ratio of the signals of the two rings, to calculate the location of the impact on the structure inside with an allowable error controlled area.

In another version of the claimed solution, the transport part of the optical circuit forms a tree structure with one optical output to the OTDR and multiple outputs to the sensitive elements, which allows determining the place of the impact on the structure exceeding the permissible values, accurate to the sizes of the controlled sections.

In another embodiment of the claimed solution, the transport part of the optical circuit forms a tree structure with two transport branches of different lengths arriving at the inputs of common sensitive elements, making it possible to duplicate the transport part of the device.

In another of the variants of the claimed solution, the transport part of the optical circuit forms a tree structure with two optical outputs to reflectometers arriving at the inputs of common sensitive elements, making it possible to duplicate the station and transport parts of the device.

In another of the variants of the claimed solution, the optical fibers of the transport part of the device partly constructively pass in the fiber optic cables of the sensitive part of the device, and partly in separate cables.

In another of the variants of the claimed solution, the fiber of the shoulders of the optical rings of the sensitive part of the device structurally pass in fiber optic cables located on different parts of the fence.

In another embodiment of the claimed solution, addressing and assignment of conditional numbers to sensitive parts of the device is performed by the computing device based on the arrival time of the returned signals from the middle of the rings of sensitive elements to the input of the receiving device.

In another of the variants of the claimed solution, at any connection point of the sensitive part of the device, terminal fiber detectors can also be connected, which can change their reflective properties depending on the position of the working body.

Thus, the claimed technical solution in its entirety of essential features makes it possible to achieve each of the above technical results.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows an example of the passage of a pulse for a certain period of time.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the position of the sensitive part of the sensor — the fiber bending radius is less than the critical value at which the probe pulse, reaching the fiber bending point, penetrates the fiber sheath and is absorbed in it, as a result of which a reflection signal is not formed.

In FIG. 3 shows a fragment of an optical schematic diagram of the invention without duplication of the sensitive parts of the device.

In FIG. 4 shows a fragment of an optical schematic diagram of the invention with duplication of the sensitive parts of the device.

The implementation of the invention

The described device for collecting information on dynamic effects on flexible structures with a sensitive element made of single-mode fiber optic cable and static information on the position of the working body of the end fiber optic detectors using the reflectometric measurement method refers to security equipment built on the standard system as a sensitive element single-mode optical cable with zonal organization of security lines with the possibility of defining dividing space violation to zone size, the sectors at the border of the contact zones or more precisely within the zone with a permissible error. The specified tool can work in conditions of increased industrial interference and environmental influences and is intended for the protection of territories with perimeters (guarded lines) with a total length of 100 m to 50 km, equipped with flexible mesh barriers, with visors and topped with reinforced barbed tape or barriers equipped with partially flexible and elastic parts. The proposed technical solution is built using standard standard equipment used in fiber optic technology and special software.

To understand the essence of the invention, the following is a description of the list of terms used.

A return device is an optical circuit that divides the probe pulse power into at least two equal lengths and generates at least two equal lengths of opposite directions of probing pulse parts passing through the same fibers and circuit elements and converging when traveling in the opposite direction to the receiver at the point of their initial separation. The return device provides transmission in the opposite direction (return) of the signals of the parts of the probe pulses and their addition. The return can be used as an ideal reflector by welding or connecting the output optical fibers of the coupler (the second value of the return is “artificial reflector” or “ideal mirror”).

The return signal is a part of the energy of the probe pulse formed by the Optical Returner circuit.

The reflection signal is the energy of the pulse formed by reflecting part of the energy of the probe pulse from significant inhomogeneities of the optical fiber, reflecting devices (mirrors), or from the ends of the optical fiber and connectors. The text is applied along with the “signal of return”.

The scattering signal is the energy of the pulse formed by reflecting part of the energy of the probe pulse from the inhomogeneities of the optical fiber. The text is applied along with the "Rayleigh scattering signal."

A splitter, or coupler, is an optical device that provides for the separation of the power of the radiation passing through it in accordance with the ratio specified in the characteristics. The direction of the radiation passing through the splitter is two-sided. Taps are Y-shaped, X-shaped and multi-branched.

A sensitive element is a piece of a single-mode return cable fixed to a structure (for example, a guard of a guarded object), which, together with the equipment, provides selective sensitivity to physical effects exerted on the CE itself or the structures on which it is fixed.

A zone is a part of an optical scheme with a SE mounted on a barrier, forming a closed path for the passage of sounding pulse signals and reflection (return) signals.

Transport cable - a segment of a single-mode cable that is largely insensitive to physical impact on it or on the structure on which it is fixed or laid in the ground, which ensures the delivery of energy of the sounding pulse signals to the input of the splitter to the sensitive element and transfer of the returned signals from the splitter to the input of the receiving devices.

OTDR - a device that generates probing laser pulses into an optical fiber with a given period, duration and power and receives through the same cable (core) on an integrated receiver, sequentially received Rayleigh scattering signals from optical fiber inhomogeneities and reflection signals returned from significant inhomogeneities and artificial reflectors. The received signals are converted into a digital code, processed and transmitted to the upper level for display and further processing.

Interference factors - external physical effects exerted on the CE or the structures on which it is attached, of limited size in any combination. Interference factors include weather conditions (wind, rain, snow, sun, hail), sound pressure, movement of equipment to a certain distance and distance, etc.

The proposed fiber-optic multi-zone signaling means for guarding the perimeters of small and extended objects, as well as the described prototypes, are based on the use of a highly sensitive effect of the dependence of the phase, phase-polarization, amplitude and frequency characteristics of the magnitude of the returned signals formed when a part of the probe laser pulse passes through an optical fiber in direct and in the opposite direction, from physical influences (for example mechanical) exerted on it.

As a carrier of useful information in the proposed device uses the energy of the reflection signals or return parts of the probe pulse arriving at the receiving device. A piece of standard single-mode fiber integrated in the optical circuit of the return device serves as a sensitive element.

The proposed device uses a reflectometry method for obtaining reflection signals in order to determine their dynamic properties. Reflection signals or returned signals are received at the input of the receiving device in series and are divided among themselves according to the time of arrival at the receiving device.

Identification (addressing) of the return (reflection) signals from the sensitive elements and optical sensors is carried out by an unambiguous correspondence between the range of placement of the sensitive element and the time of arrival of the reflection signal at the input of the receiving device. When constructing the system, the duration of the probe pulse signal, the linear dimensions of the sensitive elements and the transport cable are taken into account in order to prevent competition (overlapping) of the returned signals in time.

Reflection or return signals are formed as a result of the passage of the probe pulse through a branched optical circuit, on the branches of which are sensitive elements consisting of a standard single-mode fiber optic cable, forming in the optical circuit equivalent opposite directions of transmission of a part of the probe pulse energy converging in the opposite direction on the splitter, as shown in the examples in figures 1-4.

The sensitivity of the method is determined by the method of constructing an optical system that provides a distinct interference pattern at the receiving device, the phase change of which corresponds to the magnitude and nature of the physical effect on the sensitive element, which differs significantly from the pattern of the background noise.

The method of constructing an optical system consists in the formation of closed optical circuits that provide optical amplification of the dynamic properties of the returned signals. The optical amplification of the return signals corresponding to the force acting on the fiber is ensured by the formation of a counter-directional path of the separated probe pulse so that they fold on the splitter, from which the initial pulse was branched and interfered with each other (see, for example, Fig. . one).

The system operates as follows. The probe pulse of FIG. 1 item 6 comes from the laser generator of FIG. 1 item 1 to the transport part of the system of FIG. 1 item 2. At the installation site of the sensing element, part of the power of the probe pulse branches out on the splitter of FIG. 1 item 3, providing further transportation of the power of the probe pulse to other zones. Further, a part of the probe pulse power is supplied to the input of the splitter of FIG. 1 item 4 (when using splitters for several branches, pulse separation can be performed on splitters, as shown in the example of Fig. 2, item 5, etc.). Further along the two branches of the sensor element of FIG. 1 item 7 and pos. 8, the separated parts of the probe pulse move in the opposite direction and reach the end of the sensing element, pass through each other without interaction, and then enter the splitter input in the opposite direction. After the splitter, the separated signals are added (interfere with each other) and follow together in the direction of the receiving device.

In the absence of dynamic effects on the sensitive element, the paths of the separated pulses are almost equal and do not significantly affect the duration of the pulses along the sensitive element, including the splitter branches (not counting the insignificant effect of noise and permissible interference factors).

As shown in FIG. 1 item 5, the paths of the separated pulses to the place of physical impact are not equal, since the pulse travel time clockwise in the example of FIG. 1 is shorter than the pulse travel time counterclockwise.

The pulse, following clockwise, will go the way to the place of impact, taking into account the deformation value L1 through time T1. An impulse following counterclockwise will travel to the place of impact already taking into account the deformation by the value L2 through time T1 + 2 * T2, as shown in FIG. 1 item 5, the amount of fiber deformation during 2 * T2 will change (from length L1 to length L2), and the pulse passing this deformation counterclockwise is shifted relative to the pulse that passed earlier in the opposite direction by a certain amount, i.e. phase shifted relative to the oncoming pulse. The phase shift turns out to be sufficient so that when two pulses are added, a pronounced interference of waves is obtained, which varies in proportion to the strength and speed of the external action. From the foregoing, it follows that at T2 = 0, deformation for oncoming pulses does not have time to occur, L1 = L2 and the phase shift of the opposite directional signals does not occur at the place where the deformation occurs, which means that the sensor sensitivity associated with the phase shift at this point tends to to zero.

The dependence of the sensitivity of the sensor from the beginning of the zone (from the splitters) to the end - from the maximum value to zero - and depends on the dynamic characteristics of the impact force (on the structural features of the fastening of the sensitive element on the fence, the impact force, speed and frequency). In the example of FIG. 1 item Figure 9 shows an approximate average graph of the sensitivity of the sensor located on the fence. Vertically displays V - the rate of change of the amplitude of the reflection signal, horizontally S - the distance to the point of impact on the fence starting from the point of connection with the splitter (the beginning of the zone).

At the moment the pulses arrive in the opposite direction to the input of the splitter of FIG. 1 item 4, both pulses add up, interfere, and continue moving in the opposite direction to the receiver of FIG. 1 item 1. When adding two waves of the same frequency, but having a phase shift relative to each other, the resulting value of the signal amplitude depends on the magnitude of the amplitude and phase shift of these pulses (see Fig. 2). In FIG. Figure 2 shows a graph of the amplitude of the returned signal (color green), formed by the addition of two signals (for example, 40 and 60% of the power, respectively) for a phase shift of 0, 90 and 180 degrees. As can be seen from the graph, the addition of two signals can be provided at any ratio of signal power and at any phase shift. Optimal signal power should be 50 \ 50%. The change in the resulting signal corresponds to the dynamics of the physical effect on the fiber.

The laser source and receiver can be a standard or specialized reflectometer with an open protocol for transmitting measurement data, or a spectrum analyzer designed to work with a single-mode fiber, for example, in the wavelength range of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, with a typical connector, for example, type FC \ APC or optical output for a welded connection to the transport part of the system (Fig 1. POS 1.). Data processing, determination of exposure characteristics, logical processing, visualization of processing results and integration with other systems is performed on the server with special software.

The method of compaction of time-distributed information about the reflected signals of the sensitive elements and sensors of the CFI, remote at small and large distances from the location of the BOOC optical signal processing unit (OTDR), is as follows: the probe pulse generator (OTDR) is configured to work with a cable length significantly shorter than the actually controlled length, the probing pulses of the OTDR enter the optical fiber in a strict periodic sequence sufficient for movement Ia sounding pulse to the distance of the settings and the receipt of the last echo from said region to a receiving device.

The power of the branching part of the probe pulse to the sensitive element must satisfy the condition - as a result of passing part of the probe pulse through the optical circuit constituting the sensitive element, the power of the signal (s) of reflection or return at the input of the receiving device should not be lower than the minimum and more maximum values from OTDR transducer scale (for example, in the range from 25% to 75% of the transducer scale).

In the standard operation of the OTDR, most of the time is spent on measuring the entire length of the system with reflections from the inhomogeneities of the fiber itself, and not just the reflection or return signals, which for our application is redundant and not basic information.

The main objective of the information compaction method is to compress information by reducing the length of the surveyed and, as a consequence, the period of the survey. In this case, the signals of reflections or returns with heterogeneities of the fiber itself are superimposed, which in terms of reflectance are several orders of magnitude lower than even a small part of the reflection power or the return of the probe pulse.

The OTDR sends periodically probing pulses to the fiber and receives reflection signals (returns) both from the first section and from subsequent sections. The signals from subsequent sections come with a delay multiple of the sequential virtual number of the section, but with the same frequency as from the first section. When the delivery of measurement data processing results exceeding tens or hundreds per second, the delay in the delivery of information does not affect the operation of the system. The quality of processing the data on the reflected signals in this case corresponds to the capabilities of the equipment for processing a significantly smaller amount of source data for a given smaller length of the controlled fiber. Reflection signals from all sections after sending a probe pulse exceeding the number of the last section are added up, forming a final trace, which displays reflection signals from inhomogeneities of the fiber itself and reflection and return signals from sensitive elements and optical sensors of the system.

The position of the reflection signal on the trace is determined by the position of the sensing element or optical sensor in range on a virtually divided portion of the optical system.

The position of the sensor is adjusted by changing the length of either the SE or the transport part of the system according to the actual results of the installation of the system.

The control of the correct installation of the optical circuit should be carried out at the time of installation work by measuring the lengths of the transport part and the sensitive element circuit using standard technologies.

Claims (15)

1. A device for collecting information on dynamic effects on flexible structures with a sensitive element made of single-mode fiber fiber optic cable and static information about the position of the working body of the end fiber optic detectors (KOI) using the reflectometric method of measurement, containing the station part, which is the receiving a transmitting unit consisting of a computing device and at least one optical reflectometer, an optical fiber transport cable, designed for transporting the energy of the probe laser pulses in the forward and reverse direction, connected by an optical contact to the reflectometer at one end, and the second end connected to a splitter used to branch and continue transporting the energy of the probe pulses to the sensitive parts of the optical circuit of the device; adjusting optical coils (hardware delay lines) designed to adjust the sensitivity of individual parts of the device and regulate the time the reflection signals return to the input of the receiving device, splitters of the transport part of the optical circuit, designed to continue transporting parts of the probe pulse energy to the following splitters for subsequent branching to the sensitive part devices splitters designed directly for the formation of the optical ring of the sensitive part of the device, and end fiber optic detectors, characterized in that the branched transport parts of the device into parts of the splitters and segments of the transport cable produce energy separation probe pulse to the required power level in order to ensure the magnitude of the reflection signals from the sensitive part of the optical circuit of the device in the nominal range from the measurement scale of the receiving device, and also deliver the energy of the laser pulse to the connection point of the splitters forming the optical rings of the sensitive part of the optical circuit of the device and generating signals the return of the probe pulse to the receiving device, the time of receipt of which at the input of the receiving device depends on other aspects of the transport part and the length of the sensitive part, including the length of the adjustment coils of the optical fiber, while the magnitude of the change in the reflection signal depends on the degree of attenuation of the signal level in the optical fiber, the degree of division of the energy of the probe pulse in the transport part of the device, the phase shift of the returned signals from the sensitive part devices associated with the difference in the shape and length of the paths of the pulses in the fiber in the opposite direction in the optical ring of the sensitive part to the place of delivery impact, a change in the magnitude of the reflection signal corresponds to the magnitude and nature of the elastic deformation of the sensitive part of the device arising from the dynamic impact of the intruder on the structure on which the sensitive part of the device is fixed, and the magnitude of the amplitude of the reflection signal of the COI sensors from the position of the working body. 2. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensitivity of the optical rings to mechanical stress is maximum at the beginning of the optical ring, in any direction, and is significantly insensitive at the farthest end of the optical ring (in the middle of the ring), and the sensitivity of the optical ring gradually decreases from the beginning of the ring to the middle of the sensitive part, it depends on the characteristics of the equipment used, the initial value of the phase of the reflected signal and is regulated by the total length of the ring sensitive part of the device and the placement of the sensitive element. 3. The device for collecting information according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the regulation of the sensitivity of the optical rings to mechanical stress is done by installing an additional coil of the same optical fiber at the end of the ring, ensuring equal sensitivity of both shoulders of the ring at the beginning, at the point of their attachment to the splitter. 4. The device for collecting information according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the regulation of the sensitivity of the optical rings to mechanical stresses is carried out by installing an additional coil of the same optical fiber at the beginning of one of the arms of the ring, providing greater sensitivity of the other arm connected to the splitter. 5. The information collection device according to claim 1, 2, characterized in that the optical fibers of the sensitive part of the device of each monitored section are formed of two counter-directional optical rings using different optical cores in two fiber optic cables and allowing to calculate with the ratio of the signals of the two rings the margin of error is the location of the impact on the structure inside the controlled area. 6. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport part of the optical circuit forms a tree structure with one optical output to the OTDR and multiple outputs to sensitive elements, allowing to determine the location of the impact on the structure exceeding the permissible values, accurate to the size controlled sites. 7. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport part of the optical circuit forms a tree structure with two transport branches of different lengths arriving at the inputs common sensitive elements, providing the possibility of duplication of the transport part of the device. 8. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport part of the optical circuit forms a tree structure with two optical outputs to reflectometers arriving at the inputs of common sensitive elements, making it possible to duplicate the station and transport parts of the device. 9. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical fibers of the transport part of the device partly pass structurally in the fiber optic cables of the sensitive part of the device, and partly in separate cables. 10. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers of the shoulders of the optical rings of the sensitive part of the device are structurally pass in fiber optic cables located on different parts of the fence. 11. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the addressing and assignment of conditional numbers to the sensitive parts of the device is performed by the computing device based on the arrival time of the returned signals from the middle of the rings of the sensitive elements to the input of the receiving device. 12. The information collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that terminal fiber detectors capable of changing their reflective properties depending on the position of the working body can be connected to any connection point of the sensitive part of the device.

Images