RU2647375C2 - Money code, method of its manufacture and method of confirmation of its genuineness and unique characters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: according to the invention, banknote has nano- and micropowders introduced into the paper base in the size range from 50 to 1000 Nm as micronutrients, and the paper base is also provided with a two-dimensional barcode, in which by means of an electronic digital signature alphanumeric codes, a series and number of a note, coordinate grid, coordinates and size of microelements on the grid are inserted. Method of manufacturing implies that the formation of a physical label is carried out by a stochastic process on specialized nano-paper, obtained by preliminary added nanopowder to the pulp with the subsequent manufacture of sheets of nanopaper and simultaneous fixation of the arrangement of nanoparticles relative to each other, and the obtained compressed binary digital image of the physical label, brief information about the denomination of the denomination, the series and the digital code is signed with a digital signature (private key), signed image is converted into a two-dimensional bar code and printed on this bill next to the physical label. Verification method is that the examiner reads the bar code printed on the document, discloses a digital signature using a public key and learns the characteristics of the image of the physical label, and the document verification for individuality is performed by comparing the characteristics of the mark image from the scanned mark on the barcode with the existing physical label on the same bill.

EFFECT: invention relates to the identification of monetary denominations, and is intended to verify the identity of monetary denominations and the detection of counterfeits.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to information technology, more specifically to the identification of banknotes, and is intended to verify the individuality of banknotes and identify fakes.

Known banknote containing a paper base with watermarks, alphanumeric code and micro-holes [1]. However, such a banknote does not have a high degree of information protection, since the application of a watermark and an alphanumeric code are not related to irreproducible technologies. Micro-holes on the Russian banknote are used to denote the face value of 1,000 and 5,000 rubles. In this case, microholes are applied to strictly specified places, which together form an image of a digital code (face value) of a banknote. All banknotes of the same denomination have the same set of microholes corresponding to this denomination. That is why the banknote does not show its individuality with the help of micro-holes, and therefore potentially the denomination of the bill can be depicted in this way on the fake. Reproducible technology, even if it is made using micro-holes, does not have the highest information security.

As an analogue, a banknote [2] was selected containing a paper base and micro-holes near watermarks or alphanumeric codes. However, such a bill does not have machine-readable information-protected areas containing coordinate grids. Without coordinate grids, it is difficult to combine the micro-holes on the bill with the corresponding micro-holes in the database. Any distortion, bruising on the bill, violation of the external dimensions of the bill leads to error in identification. During prolonged use of the bill, part of the micro-holes may be overwritten, distorting the set of micro-holes.

It is also known to use a barcode on a paper bill [3]. However, in this solution there are no security features for both the bill and the barcode. In this technology, the barcode is used only to record the series and denomination of the bill, which allows you to automate the calculation of the total amount. A disadvantage is the fact that a linear barcode is used, with the help of which it is practically impossible to record information about a physical label, with the coordinates of 100 randomly scattered electrodischarge perforations and their area. An article by Khramtsovskaya [3] suggested that it is possible to use a digital signature to protect a barcode. But the process procedure does not imply, like in Lebanese banknotes, the use of protective stochastic tags.

As a prototype, a banknote [4] was selected, containing a paper base and microelements near watermarks or alphanumeric codes, machine-readable information-protected areas equipped with a protective transparent layer on both sides, containing coordinate grids and a set of microelements of different sizes and shapes applied by a stochastic process .

As a disadvantage, we can single out that as microelements on a banknote, micro-holes of different sizes and shapes are used. Microholes, as a rule, differ slightly from each other (by a factor of 2–3 and no more), and a sufficient number of them can affect their wear resistance. To verify this banknote for authenticity, you must constantly refer to the database of banknotes of the Russian Federation. It is advisable to operate the banknote database in a closed mode or semi-open mode if there is a government level request from another state, and for ordinary verification of the banknote's authenticity do not use the database at all.

The proposed banknote contains a paper base and microelements near watermarks or alphanumeric codes, machine-readable information-protected areas equipped with a protective transparent layer on both sides, containing coordinate grids and a set of microelements of different sizes and shapes applied by a stochastic process.

A feature of the proposed paper bill is that microelements use nano- and micropowders embedded in a paper base from 50 to 1000 Nm in size, and the paper base is additionally equipped with a two-dimensional barcode, in which alphanumeric codes are entered using an electronic digital signature, series and bill number, coordinate grid, coordinates and size of microelements on the coordinate grid. If necessary, the unique morphology of banknote paper, the distribution of protective fibers on paper, etc. can also be added to a two-dimensional barcode.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed paper note 1. containing a security mark 2 in the form of a combination of nano- and micropowders 3 of a size of 50 to 1000 Nm embedded in a paper base, and the paper base is additionally equipped with a two-dimensional barcode 4, in which an alphanumeric is entered using an electronic digital signature digital codes 5, series 6 and denomination 7, coordinate grid 8, coordinates and size of microelements 3 forming a protective mark 2, on coordinate grid 8. In addition to nano and microparticles 3 embedded in the paper base, mark 2 is additionally ozhet be treated with known physical heat processes to obtain aggregate electrodischarge perforations 9.

When choosing particle sizes less than 50 Nm, reading information from the security label 2 requires the use of very expensive optical means. And when choosing a particle size of more than 1000 Nm, features of classical paper production may arise.

It is known the use of digital signatures in the protection of virtual electronic documents. However, this approach was considered inapplicable for the protection of paper documents [5]. Placing an ephemeral electronic digital signature on a material object - a paper bill - is a separate and difficult problem.

A known method of protecting documents [6] without resorting to a central database. This method is based on comparing a document with its holographic image.

As a prototype, when considering a method of manufacturing a banknote, the method of creating a secure paper document was selected by applying a physical mark on it obtained by a stochastic electric discharge process and a digital code, scanning and, if necessary, entering this information into the database [7].

A feature of the proposed method of creation is that the physical label is formed by a stochastic process on specialized nanopaper obtained by first adding nanopowder to the paper pulp, followed by the manufacture of nanopaper sheets and simultaneously fixing the location of the nanoparticles relative to each other, and the resulting compressed binary digital image of the label, brief information about the text and the digital code is digitally signed (private key), signed from expressions converted into a two-dimensional bar code and printed on the document next to the label.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows a portion of a nanotechnological paper manufacturing line. It is almost no different from the classical process of making paper for laser printers. Except that there is a site for applying a polydisperse mixture of nanoparticles 3, forming a protective label 2. As a rule, the selected method for producing nanoparticles 3, for example, plasma, by exploding thin wires or in any other way, is accompanied by obtaining a rather narrow fraction of nanoparticles. A wide range of nanoparticle sizes is objectively an additional factor that allows us to show individuality of a banknote. Therefore, this section of the line contains several bins 10 with nanoparticles of different sizes, for example, if these are four bins, then in the first bunker 10, the particle sizes are 10-25 Nm, in the second 30-40 Nm, in the third 50 to 100 Nm and in four hundredth to 100-1000 Nm connected to the mixer 11 through the batchers of bulk materials 12. The controlled batchers 12 in turn are connected to a control unit 13 containing a random number generator. The mixer 11 is made rotating and provides thorough mixing of the nanoparticles 3. This allows you to get an infinite number of mixtures of nano- and microparticles 3. The last controlled bulk dispenser 12 introduces a pre-fixed (consistent with the weight parameters of the paper pulp), the resulting mixture of nano- and microparticles 3 is fed into the vat 14 for uniform mixing of the pulp with a mixer 15. The resulting mixture of pulp with nano- and micropowder 3 is involved in further technology with virtually no changes, since the dimensions of nano- and microparticles 3 is significantly less than the thickness of the resulting sheet of paper.

The proposed method for the manufacture of banknotes is as follows. After receiving nanotechnological sheets of paper (sheets of paper with a random arrangement on the surface of a polydisperse mixture of nano- and microparticles 3), the sheet of paper is divided into sections corresponding to the sizes of future banknotes.

An example of a method for creating banknote No. 1

In FIG. 3 schematically depicts a technological scheme for creating a cryptographically secure paper banknote with a mark 2 containing embedded nano- and microparticles and electric-discharge perforations. At the second stage, a protective mark 2 is applied to a paper banknote 1 using an electric-discharge device, mainly in the area of the grid 8. We describe in detail the sequence of all technological operations.

1. A banknote containing a paper medium with a label 2 containing nanoparticles 3 and electric discharge perforations. The paper base is additionally equipped with a two-dimensional barcode 4, in which alphanumeric codes 5, series 6 and banknote number 7, coordinate grid 8, coordinates and size of microelements 3 forming a protective mark 2 are entered on the coordinate grid 8 using an electronic digital signature.

The relative positions of electric-discharge perforations and particles in a paper base forming a protective mark 2 are scanned separately and stored in separate databases. This will make it difficult for anyone to fake paper bills.

16. Scanning and processing device. Such a device can be one of the commercially available smartphones, tablets, handheld computers (PDAs) equipped with a digital camera of the required resolution and a set of special application programs for reading and processing images. It is also possible to use a personal computer with a commercially available stationary scanner connected to it.

The composition of the scanning and processing device 16 implements the following operations:

16.1. The procedure for scanning a security label 2 on a banknote, providing for reading the label and obtaining a digitized binary image of the label 2 in the memory of the device 16.

16.2. The digitized binary image of the tag stored in the memory of the device 16.

16.3. The procedure for compressing the binary image of the label 16.2, which has a certain information redundancy, into a more compact digital code X (16.4). The compression procedure is carried out in order to save the memory necessary to store the tag 2 in the processing device 16 and speed up subsequent processing procedures. The compression procedure is performed without losing important information about the parameters of a particular label.

16.4. Compact digital code X. Carries important information about the parameters of a particular label 2, but unlike its binary image 16.2 has significantly less redundancy.

16.5. The procedure for signing a compact digital code 16.4 by digital signature of the certifying party P. A digital signature verifies the authenticity of the compact digital code X 16.4 and, therefore, the authenticity of the original binary image of the security mark 16.2. The digital signature procedure is described by the following mathematical expression:

S = D _P (X),

where X is a compact digital code whose authenticity is verified;

D _p is a closed asymmetric cryptographic conversion performed using the private key of the certifying party P. S is the result of a cryptographic conversion in the form of a binary sequence.

16.6. The signature S, which is the result of signing the compact digital code X with the secret key of the certifying party R.

16.7. A bar coding procedure that converts the received signature S 16.6. into one of the common barcodes 4, for example, into the widely used two-dimensional QR code. Bar coding is used in order to enable subsequent reproduction and reading of this information by well-known means.

16.8. Barcode encoding conditions that allow you to turn a signature obtained using S signature into one of the barcodes, for example, into a QR two-dimensional barcode.

17. Bar code 4, which carries information about the binary image of the security label 2, the authenticity of which is verified by digital signature of the authenticating party P. It is created in the processing device 16 and transmitted to the printing device 18.

18. Any commercially available printing device (printer) capable of reproducing bar code 4 on paper banknote.

19. The final document, executed on a paper banknote, containing a security label 2 and its corresponding bar code 4, confirming the authenticity of the origin of this security label.

As a prototype, when considering the procedure for checking a document for authenticity, you can use the method [8] by comparing the security elements in the form of a set of perforations on a document with a similar one in the database. The disadvantages of this method include the need to access the central database, which stores a set of perforations for each paper document. For this, an additional device is needed to remove the set of perforations, send a message to the central base and compare it with the reference set of perforations and send a return message confirming or rejecting the individuality of the paper banknote. Without accessing the central database, this method is inoperative.

In this case, it is possible to recognize as a feature of an identity check that any person checking reads a bar code printed on a paper bill, reveals a digital signature using a public key (software) and learns the true characteristics of the image of the security mark 2, and the document is checked for individuality by comparing the true characteristics of the image of the security label 2 with the same characteristics obtained by scanning the label on paper banknote 1. In other words, in this method There is no need to access a central database. The degree of protection of a paper bill increases dramatically. Even if we allow the possibility of artificial craftsmanship of a set of perforations on a document, then without knowing the key (software using the Hash function), this is impossible in principle. As a result, without resorting to the central database, a completely different pair of security elements 3 is compared - encrypted and placed on the document in the form of a barcode with real electric discharge perforations or the real relative position of nano and microparticles 3 on the same paper banknote. Instead of the central database, a distributed database is used in the form of a barcode 4 on each banknote 1.

An example of a method for checking a paper bill for an individuality No. 2.

In FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram for checking banknotes for individuality. It is implemented due to the fact that any reviewer reads a bar code printed on a banknote, opens a digital signature using a public key and recognizes the characteristics of the image of the security mark 2, and checks the document for individuality by comparing the characteristics of the image of the security label 2 on the banknote with the scanned one the decrypted security tag 2 stored on the banknote in the form of a barcode 4.

The sequence of operations to verify the identity of the paper bill (Fig. 4):

A paper bill 1 containing a security mark 2 in the form of a combination of nano- and micropowders 3 from 50 to 1000 Nm embedded in a paper base, and the paper base is additionally equipped with a two-dimensional barcode 4, in which alphanumeric codes 5 are entered using an electronic digital signature, series 6 and bill number 7, coordinate grid 8, coordinates and size of microelements 3 forming a protective mark 2, on coordinate grid 8.

20. Scanning and processing device. Such a device can be one of the mass-produced smartphones, tablets, handheld computers (PDAs) equipped with a digital camera of the required resolution and a set of special application programs for reading and processing images. It is also possible to use a personal computer with a commercially available stationary scanner connected to it.

The composition of the scanning and processing device 20 implements the following processes:

20.1. The security label scanning procedure 20.1, similar to procedure 16.1 in FIG. 3. Provides reading tags and obtaining a digitized binary image of the tag 2 and its storage in the memory of the device 20.

20.2. The digitized binary image of the label 2, stored in the memory of the device 20 and similar to the process 16. 2. in Fig.3.

20.3. The procedure for compressing the binary image of the label 2, converting the original binary image of the label 20.2 into a more compact digital code X ^{* is} similar to procedure 16.3 in FIG. 3.

20.4. The compact digital code X ^* , similar to element 16.4 in FIG. 3. The authenticity of this code is equivalent to the authenticity of the scanned tag 2. The authenticity of the compact digital code X ^* , and, therefore, the authenticity of the read tag 2 is verified during subsequent counter-procedures.

20.5. The procedure for scanning a bar code 4. Provides the reading of the bar code 4 and its storage in the memory of the device 20.

20.6. Bar code 4, carrying information about the binary image of the authenticity of the security label 2, the authenticity of which is authenticated by a digital signature certifying the parties P. Similar to element 16.5 in FIG. 3.

20.7. The procedure for decoding barcode 4, providing the signature S.

20.8. Signature S, similar to element 16.6. in FIG. 3. Contains information on the authentic digital code X signed by the certifying party R.

20.9. The verification procedure (disclosure) of a digital signature, which is described by the following mathematical expression:

X = E _p (S),

where X is a genuine compact digital code; E _p - open asymmetric cryptographic conversion performed using the public key of the certifying party P; S is the signature.

10.20. Received genuine digital code X.

11/20. The operation of bitwise comparing the digital code X ^* obtained by reading and processing label 2 on a banknote with an authentic compact digital code X, which was signed on the two-dimensional barcode 4 by the authenticating party R. Codes X ^* and X are compared bitwise. If they coincide with a certain accuracy, then the banknote is recognized as genuine.

21. The decision on the authenticity of the document. It is implemented in the form of a message generated by the device 20, and is intended for the verifier V.

Any attempt to generate a two-dimensional barcode on a banknote without an attacker having a private key will lead to a mismatch between the barcode and the set of security elements 3 and digital code 4. This mismatch will mean that we have a fake bill. This approach eliminates the need to access a central database. The use of a central database of banknotes can be left as a safety net option, for example, for the case of partial loss of information on a banknote, for example, loss of a barcode on a banknote. The public key required for the disclosure and verification of the digital signature can be stored as part of the barcode in the clear. Thus, access to it can be obtained by any reviewer who has received permission to do so. But even the presence of a public key does not allow an attacker to determine the private key and falsify a digital signature that protects the characteristics of the reference image of the label. The public key is distributed through open communication channels to interested parties. Since there are no known cases of successful attacks by cybercriminals on an electronic digital signature, the proposed technology for protecting paper money can be considered very reliable.

 Information sources

1. The article "Signs of the authenticity of Bank of Russia banknotes."

2. RF patent No. 2399496.

3. http://habrahabr.ru/post/150335/ Lebanon's paper banknote, Article by N. Khramovskoy "Riddles of modern office work" htpp // www.eos.ru.

4. The decision to grant a patent according to the application of the Russian Federation No. 2009132045 and patent No. 2496145 for "Banknote, a method of its manufacture and a method of checking for truth."

5. Schneier B. Applying cryptography. Protocols, algorithms, source codes in the C language. - Publishing house "Triumph", 2002 - 816 p.

6. Patent of Moldova No. 4051.

7. Patent of the Republic of Moldova No. 4060.

Claims (5)

1. A banknote containing a paper base and microelements near watermarks or alphanumeric codes, machine-readable information-protected areas equipped with a protective transparent layer on both sides, containing coordinate grids and a set of microelements of different sizes and shapes applied by a stochastic process, characterized in that as micronutrients, nano- and micropowders embedded in a paper base are used, ranging in size from 50 to 1000 Nm, and the paper base is additionally equipped with a two-dimensional barcode, in which with With the help of an electronic digital signature, alphanumeric codes, the series and number of the bill, the coordinate grid, the coordinates and the size of the trace elements on the coordinate grid are entered. 2. A banknote according to claim 1, characterized in that in the two-dimensional barcode there is a public key for checking individuality. 3. A method of making a banknote by applying to it a physical mark obtained by the stochastic process, a digital code, machine-readable information-protected areas containing coordinate grids and provided with a protective transparent layer on both sides, characterized in that the physical mark is formed by a stochastic process on specialized nanopaper obtained by preliminarily adding nanopowder to paper pulp followed by the manufacture of nanopaper sheets and at the same time by fixing the location of the nanoparticles relative to each other, and the resulting compressed binary digital image of the physical mark, brief information about the denomination of the bill, series and digital code is signed digitally (private key), the signed image is converted into a two-dimensional bar code and printed on this bill next to the physical label. 4. A method of manufacturing a banknote according to claim 3, characterized in that after the formation of the physical mark by incorporating nano- and microparticles into the paper base, the physical mark is further processed by a stochastic electric discharge process, wherein the locations of the electric discharge perforations and particles in the paper base are scanned separately and stored in separate databases. 5. A method of verifying a banknote for individuality by comparing security elements in the form of a combination of microelements on a paper basis, characterized in that the verifier reads the bar code printed on the document, reveals the digital signature using the public key and learns the image characteristics of the physical label, and verifies the document for individuality is carried out by comparing the characteristics of the image tags from the scanned tag on the barcode with the existing physical tag on the same banknote.

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