RU2645152C2 - Block of condensers and method of controlling its fixture (2 versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in power supply devices, in particular in redundant filters of power supply circuits of electronic equipment, and in power storage devices. The capacitor bank contains capacitors connected by the first terminals to the power lines, and high-resistance resistors, it introduced low-power low-resistance resistors, connected by the first pins to the second terminal of each of the capacitors and connected by their second terminals to the common power line. The first pins of the high-resistance resistors are connected to the second terminals of the capacitors, and the second leads of the high-resistance resistors form the control bus of the capacitor bank. High-resistance resistors have different resistance values. High-resistance resistors connected by the first leads to the second terminals of the capacitors, the first terminals of which are connected to power lines with different polarity or with different phases of voltage, have the same resistance values.

EFFECT: increase the reliability of the capacitor bank while increasing its total capacity.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposal relates to the field of electrical engineering and electronics, and in particular to electrical devices and systems in which capacitors are used, for example, as elements of a filter for suppressing a variable component and interference, as energy storage devices and in other similar devices.

If it is necessary to increase the total capacity, blocks of capacitors are created by connecting the capacitors in series and in parallel, using high-frequency capacitors and low-frequency, for example electrolytic, depending on the specific requirements of the equipment.

The main disadvantages of such capacitor blocks with a large total capacity are reduced reliability, large mass and dimensions. At the same time, any capacitor can fail according to the type of “open circuit”, “short circuit”, “increase in leakage current”, “decrease in capacitance”. In the event of a break or a decrease in capacity, the total capacity of such a block of capacitors will decrease, but the redundant equipment will remain operational. In the event of an increase in leakage current, the operability of the equipment is also preserved. And with a short circuit in the capacitor circuit, the voltage on the power buses will disappear, and the equipment will stop working. At the same time, the power source may also fail [Handbook of Radio Electronics, Volume 2. Under the general editorship of prof., DTN A.A. Kulikovsky. Energia Publishing House, Moscow, 1968, p. 321, Fig. 17.3]. Such a defect in the capacitor is unacceptable in any equipment, especially inaccessible for repair.

If the system or device must have high reliability, then the capacitors are reserved for any failure, using the capacitors of the required capacity for backup, connect them to serial chains and connect serial chains to power buses in parallel [Reliability of automated control systems. Tutorial. Ed. Khetagurova, Moscow, Y. A., Higher School, 1979, p. 83, Fig. 4.2 and fig. 4.3]. With four redundant capacitors, the capacitance of such a block of capacitors becomes equal to the capacitance of only one capacitor. This is very uneconomical when backing up a single capacitor. In addition, such a “redundant” capacitor is reserved for only one failure, because, with a second failure, depending on the type of failure, the equipment may be inoperative. The device, redundant according to the classic “two out of three” principle and given in [Reliability of control systems. Publishing House "Naukova Dumka", 1975, p. 21, Fig. 3d]. It also consists of consecutive chains connected in parallel.

In critical equipment, all redundant capacitors in series circuits are additionally shunted by adjustable circuits with transistors to ensure a given constant voltage mode [Application No. 2013103447/07, IPC: H02J 7/02; publ. 08/10/2014. Conventional priority: 06/28/2010 FR 1055134], and in the simplest case, high-resistance "equalizing" resistors with the same resistances [Mosaic GNSS Reseiver. Updated: 5-Mar-10. Page 40, Figure 9-11: Schematic of Primary Power Connector (prototype)]. Both that and another in any case complicate the equipment as a whole.

At the same time, any of the “equalizing” resistors can itself break, which will necessarily lead to a doubling of the voltage across the capacitor to which this resistor is connected in parallel, and this reduces the reliability of this capacitor, and it can break through. After the breakdown of this capacitor on the second capacitor of the same chain, the voltage will double and the second capacitor, connected with the first in series, can also break through. And this will immediately lead to equipment failure, which should not be allowed.

And even current flows through the “equalizing” resistors. Small, but continuous, which, for example, in storage systems is undesirable, since the capacitors are discharged and require periodic or constant recharging.

Moreover, in any redundant capacitor block, a failure of any redundant capacitor can occur that does not affect the performance of the redundant equipment. For this, it is reserved. In the event of such a failure, operable equipment from the manufacturer will exit with a defect and the very first defect in the capacitor unit during operation may lead to a failure of the equipment as a whole. And this should not be allowed, especially in critical equipment, inaccessible for checking operability and for repairs, for example, intended for use in space.

Mentioned device [MosaicGNSS Reseiver. Updated: 5-Mar-10. Page 40, Figure 9-11: Schematic of Primary Power Connector] can be used as a prototype, since it is closest in terms of a set of elements, in execution, and its main task is to ensure the functioning of redundant equipment in case of failure of one of the redundant capacitors .

The disadvantages of the prototype are protection against only one failure and the inability to check the health of backup capacitors, especially when the equipment is on.

The proposed block of capacitors contains capacitors connected to the power bus, and high resistance resistors, which is as close as possible to the device to the prototype circuit.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a reliable block of capacitors while increasing its equivalent (total) capacity.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the reliability of the block of capacitors while increasing its total capacity.

The technical result of the invention is achieved in that the capacitor block contains capacitors connected by the first terminals to the power buses, and high-resistance resistors, low-power low-resistance resistors connected by the first terminals to the second terminal of each of the capacitors and connected by their second terminals to a common power bus, while the first conclusions high-resistance resistors are connected to the second terminals of the capacitors, and the second conclusions of the high-resistance resistors form the control bus of the capacitor block.

High resistance resistors have different resistance values.

In addition, high-resistance resistors connected by the first leads to the second leads of the capacitors, the first leads of which are connected to the power buses with different voltage polarity or with different phases of the alternating voltage, have the same resistance values.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials represented by electrical circuit diagrams (Fig. 1-3).

In FIG. 1-3 the following notation is introduced: 1-8,

32 - capacitors;

9-16, 33 - low-power low-resistance resistors (MNR);

17-24, 34 - high resistance resistors (BP);

25 - common bus "0" power sources;

26, 29 - power supply bus “+ U” and “-U” (in Fig. 1 the power supply is unipolar: power supply bus “+ U”; in Fig. 2 - the power supply is bipolar: power supply bus “+ U” and “-U ";

27, 28, 31 - control buses of capacitor banks, consisting of integrated or, if necessary, separate control circuits, for example, Control. 1, Counter. 2, etc .;

30, 35, 36 - power bus "A", "B" and "C" (in Fig. 3 - three-phase AC power supply: power bus "A", "B" and "C");

The control buses 27 and 28 in the diagrams of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 and control buses 27, 28 and 31 of specific capacitor blocks in the circuit of FIG. 3 can be combined (shown in dotted lines in FIGS. 1-3).

The proposed devices shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 as follows.

Capacitors 1-8 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 and the capacitor 32 in FIG. 3 are each connected in series with one of the MPRs 9–16 and 33, and each such series circuit is connected between the corresponding power buses 26, 29, 30, 35, 36 (“+ U”, “-U”, “A”, “B” , "C") and a common bus 25 "0", while the MPR 9-16 and 33 are connected to the common power bus "0" by the second terminals (lower in the diagram). Some capacitors, depending on the specific requirements of the system, are high-frequency (non-polar), and some are electrolytic (polar, low-frequency). All polar (electrolytic) capacitors in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are connected to the power bus with the correct polarity. In the capacitor block of FIG. 3 there are no and should not be polar capacitors in the AC power circuits.

BP 17-24 and 34 with the first leads (lower in the circuit of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) connected to the second leads of the capacitors 1-8 and 32, respectively, and with the first leads of the MPR 9-16 and 33. The second leads of BP capacitors 17-24 and 34 form the control bus, the conclusions of which are designated 27, 28 (in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and 27, 28, 31 (in Fig. 3), and separate control circuits of the type of Control. 1, Counter. 2 and others for monitoring capacitors subject to special monitoring in individual cases, as shown in FIG. 1. To simplify the capacitor blocks, simplify the design of the equipment and simplify the process of monitoring the health of capacitors, it is advisable to connect all control circuits to the corresponding control buses (see below). MPRs are connected in series to BP.

In FIG. 1 shows the option of connecting a capacitor block between the power bus "+ U" of a unipolar voltage source and the common power bus "0". In fact, in FIG. Figure 1 shows two capacitor banks that are identical in design (either a double capacitor bank, or a single capacitor bank; the terminology is unprincipled and equally applies hereinafter to any of the considered capacitor banks separately or when combining them). In reality, in each block of capacitors, capacitors of one or different types, of different ratings can be used, the number of capacitors can also be different depending on the electrical requirements for the parameters of the power supply circuit, the service life (reliability) of the real equipment for which each specific block of capacitors is developed and the required capacitor unit designs for specific equipment.

If the dual capacitor bank of FIG. 1 to present as two independent capacitor units connected by a common power supply bus 25 "0", then between these two capacitor units (1-4) and (5-8) to break the power bus 26 "+ U" between capacitors 4 and 5 in the equipment the inductor can be switched on normally (in the diagram of Fig. 1 the inductor is not shown). Get a classic T-shaped filter with two blocks of capacitors.

At the same time, control buses and control circuits, if they are used in a specific block of capacitors (the upper ones according to the schemes of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, BP leads) as part of the equipment, must be accessible without opening the devices and displayed, for example, in the composition of one of the connectors of the equipment, occupying the minimum number of contacts in it.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the connection of a dual capacitor block to different buses “+ U” “-U” of a bipolar power supply with a common power bus “0”.

The capacitor blocks of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 only by wiring the polar (electrolytic) capacitors, due to the need to observe the polarity of their connection to the power buses. This is a general requirement, it must be fulfilled in any electrical equipment and cannot relate to the distinguishing features.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the use of a capacitor block to suppress high-frequency interference in an AC voltage network, in particular in a three-phase power supply circuit (a built-in capacitor block or three capacitor banks connected to a common power bus 25 "0" of the star type). As in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2, the control buses 27, 28 and 31 of the constructed capacitor bank can be combined into a single control bus (27 + 28 + 31), as shown in FIG. 3 dotted line.

Designing a block of capacitors and calculating the parameters of elements entirely depend only on the technical specifications for a specific block of capacitors. The calculation of capacitances and resistances of sequential RC circuits is determined by the frequency range, the level of interference of the sources of interference and the acceptable level of interference for the protected equipment. Moreover, the time constants of RC circuits can be significantly different depending on the electrical requirements for the equipment and the capacitor block intended for installation in this equipment.

When designing a block of capacitors, the MPR modes must be taken into account: the maximum pulse power and the duration of the current pulse at the time of supplying the voltage to the capacitor bank must not exceed the maximum permissible values specified in the technical conditions for the MPRs used. In the event of a breakdown of any capacitor, the MPR connected in series with this capacitor will be under repeated and prolonged overload and will necessarily collapse. This will disconnect the defective capacitor from the common power circuit.

In justified cases, the proposed block of capacitors may contain a reduced number of redundant capacitors in comparison with the prototype — for example, three capacitors, as in the circuit in FIG. 3, instead of four (or even two capacitors when redundant for one failure). And it can have a larger number of capacitors of a smaller capacity, but of a smaller size. In this case, structurally, such a block of capacitors can be more compact.

The proposed construction of capacitor blocks has an additional positive property: it can be used in complex power supply systems containing 3-4 or more devices located at a distance from each other, but used within a single power supply circuit - in the system, compartment, office, etc. . Each device of such a system can use its own capacitor blocks - filters containing capacitors, MPR and BP, belonging to a single power supply system. Combine these sections of the power bus, a common power bus 25 "0" and a common control bus passing through all the devices. At the same time, in the devices of the BP system, the capacitor blocks must differ in resistance, as described above. In the absence of faults such as a short circuit in the capacitors, there is no voltage on the common control bus (or on its control circuits) relative to the power bus "0". The appearance on the control bus voltage relative to the common power bus 25 "0" will tell you about the occurrence of a failure of the type of short circuit of the capacitor in the elements of any block of capacitors of the power supply system.

If we compare the proposed block of capacitors with the prototype, it can be seen that with the same number of capacitors (4 capacitors each), the proposed device has a total capacitance of the block of capacitors 4 times that of the prototype, and remains operational for any three capacitor failures with a residual capacity equal to capacities of a defect-free prototype, while a second breakdown of a capacitor in a series circuit or a second break of a capacitor in a parallel circuit of a prototype will make it completely inoperative.

In addition, BP, the shunt capacitors in the prototype are constantly energized and pose a certain danger: when such a resistor breaks, it is hypothetically possible to break through two capacitors in series circuit and the device to fail, as described above.

The technical result of the proposed invention when it is used also arises due to the fact that MHRs connected in series with capacitors introduce losses, suppress the resonant properties of the filter together with the reactive components of the equipment elements connected to the power buses protected from interference. Due to these correctly calculated MHRs in the RC circuits, the pulsed currents of the interference source will not be able to excite resonant oscillations in the protected power buses. In addition, low-resistance resistors reduce the charge current of these capacitors when a supply voltage is applied to them, which, in turn, reduces interference at the time of switching on the equipment, and, in a gentle current mode, positively affects the life of these capacitors.

The proposed set of features in the proposed device for solving the problem does not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

This device can be made in the form of an independent block of capacitors, repeatedly, or in parts, entered into the composition of the devices of the electrical system having a common power source, with differences in BP resistances in accordance with the description.

Currently, the proposed device is at the stage of modeling and testing and is planned to be used as part of electrical control systems of promising products as part of filters to reduce interference.

Claims (3)

1. A block of capacitors containing capacitors connected by the first terminals to the power buses, and high-resistance resistors, characterized in that low-power low-resistance resistors are inserted into it, connected by the first terminals to the second terminal of each of the capacitors and connected by their second terminals to a common power bus, with In this case, the first terminals of the high-resistance resistors are connected to the second terminals of the capacitors, and the second terminals of the high-resistance resistors form the control bus of the capacitor block. 2. The capacitor block according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-resistance resistors have different resistance values. 3. The capacitor block according to claim 2, characterized in that the high-resistance resistors connected by the first leads to the second leads of the capacitors, the first leads of which are connected to power buses with different polarity or with different voltage phases, have the same resistance values.

Images