RU2644628C1 - Measurement of reference spectra of marine surface exploration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: test and measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: meter is made on the basis of the microwave generator in the frequency-tightening mode, loaded on the wave-guide section as part of a series-connected directional coupler, attenuator, phase shifter, horn antenna at the end of the waveguide section; part of the energy of the generator through the directional coupler is transmitted to the measuring path as part of a series-connected cavity resonator in the form of a short-circuited section of the waveguide, power regulator, detector, charge amplifier, tracking filter, spectrum analyzer and recorder.

EFFECT: technical result: high metrological characteristics for the amplitude and frequency of the sea surface to be measured for the purpose of calibrating the remote sensing routes of coastal zone water pollution.

1 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of oceanology and can find application in the control of hydrological processes on the sea surface, currents, anthropogenic pollution of shelf zones.

Physically, the anomaly of the agitated sea surface manifests itself in a change in the spatial spectrum of waves relative to the test (reference) areas. The latter, as a rule, occurs when heterogeneous physical processes interact with each other: wind waves and internal waves reaching the surface of underwater currents, or when the coefficient of surface tension of water changes in places of pollution by oil products, accumulations of plankton, emissions of treatment facilities into coastal zones, etc. d.

The presence or absence of finely dispersed formations (ripples) on the surface of large waves of developed waves also leads to a change in the specific effective scattering area of the sea surface during its radar sounding.

Various methods and tools are used to detect anomalies in the underlying surface during remote sensing.

The well-known "Method for the determination of pollution of the sea surface" (Patent RU No. 2596628, 2016) by restoring the wave spectrum of the surface from its image using Fourier transform methods and comparing it with the spectrum of test sites is an analogue.

An analogous method includes the selection of traces containing test sections for remote sensing from an aircraft carrier by an autodyne radio wave meter, frequency detection of the meter signal and the creation of a base of reference signals of surface wind waves in the form of their autocorrelation functions, while simultaneously receiving video images of the sections along a digitally aligned path , a high-resolution video camera with the binding of the resulting frames to the topographic coordinates by GPS navigator, reconstructing the spatial wave spectrum using the Fourier transform of the image of video frames, calculating the mutual correlation function of the signal of the autodyne meter and video camera, calculating the pollution index of the sections through the ratio of the width of the mutual correlation function to the width of the reference autocorrelation function at the level of 0.1 of their maximum value, the formation of an array of data from these relations, the allocation of contours of the contours of the index by the methods of spatial differentiation is polluted first with drawing them on a contour map area.

The disadvantages of the analogue are:

- the need for the availability of spectra of test (reference) sites on the sounding path;

- the relativity of the results of comparing the degree of contamination in the absence of absolute values of the measured parameters of the test sites.

The closest analogue to the claimed technical solution is the “Radio wave vibration meter”, AC SU No. 1446487, G01H, 3/12, 1988. The closest analogue contains a microwave generator, a primary converter and a measurement unit, characterized in that in order to increase the sensitivity of the primary converter made in the form of a waveguide with a membrane at the end, installed from its entrance at a distance multiple of half the wavelength in the waveguide, and with the ability to move along it, and as a microwave generator used a microwave generator in the tightening mode frequency.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue include:

- the impossibility of directly measuring the spectrum of spatial waves of the sea surface;

- the lack of a model for the severity of sea waves, taking into account the degree of contamination of the surface of the test sites.

The problem solved by the claimed technical solution is to create a base of reference signals of the sea wave spectra for subsequent calibration of the remote sensing paths of the sea surface when calculating the pollution index of coastal areas.

The problem is solved in that the meter of the reference spectra of waves of the sea surface is made on the basis of a microwave generator operating in the frequency pull mode loaded on the wave section with a horn antenna at the end to irradiate the sea surface with a controlled degree of pollution and wave count; in the waveguide section, a directional coupler, an attenuator and a phase shifter are sequentially included; part of the generator energy through a directional coupler, made in the form of a short-circuited cut-off of the waveguide, is transmitted to the measuring path from a series-connected power regulator and a crystal detector located in the coupler, a charge amplifier, a tracking filter, a recorder and a spectrum analyzer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a device;

FIG. 2 is a characteristic of pulling the frequency of the microwave generator;

FIG. 3 - examples of spectra of spatial waves of the surface depending on the scores a) - one point, b) - three points;

FIG. 4 - wave spectra, depending on the degree of pollution c) - oil film, d) - plankton, suspension of wastewater from coastal treatment facilities.

The functional diagram of the meter of figure 1 contains a microwave generator 1 loaded on the waveguide section 2 as part of a directional coupler 3, attenuator 4, phase shifter 5, horn antenna 6 at the end of the wave section. Part of the energy of the microwave generator 1 through a directional coupler 3 is taken into the measuring path 7 as part of a volume resonator 8 based on a short-circuited segment of the waveguide with an internal power regulator 9 and a detector 10 on a crystalline diode, charge amplifier 11, servo filter 12, recorder 13, and spectrum analyzer 14. Antenna 6 is used to irradiate the sea surface 15 in the area of the water area 16. Pollution of coastal waters of the sea surface 15 is modeled by suspensions (plankton, duckweed), oil and oil film and in accordance with the test program.

The dynamics of the interaction of the elements of the meter is as follows. In the mode of tightening the frequency of the microwave generator, a combination of the transmitting and receiving paths is achieved. Such systems are called autodyne. In autodyne systems, the oscillator and the object form a quasi-integrated system containing a variable parameter - the changing length of the radio line due to sea surface waves and the phase of the reflected signal. In FIG. Figure 2 shows a family of frequency pull curves of a solid-state microwave generator made on a Gunn tunnel diode F.225. When probing an excited sea surface, the length of the radio line (Δl) and the phase of the reflected signal change

As a result, the frequency modulation of the generated signal occurs with a frequency deviation Δf:

Δf = ΔF⋅K⋅sinϕ;

ΔF - passport characteristic of the device (tightening coefficient) for Ф.225 ΔF is ≈50 MHz.

- коэффициент отражения падающей волны от облучаемой поверхности.

- reflection coefficient of the incident wave from the irradiated surface.

By means of the attenuator 4 and the phase shifter 5, the operating point on the linear portion of the tightening characteristic of FIG. 2. The spectrum of spatial waves (hertz range) without distortion (linearly) is transferred to the microwave region.

This meter has high metrological characteristics:

- resolution of the amplitude (height) of the waves - a fraction of mm;

и Кjaer, Дания, полоса 1,5 Гц].- frequency resolution - determined by the technical characteristics of the servo filter 12 [Passport characteristic of the servo filter of the company

and Kjaer, Denmark, 1.5 Hz band].

и Къеr: аттенюаторы М-34706-2, усилители зарядов тип 2626, 2628, регистратор тип 2307, спектроанализатор СЧ-27.Part of the energy of the frequency-modulated signal of the oscillator is taken from the waveguide path 2 by means of a directional coupler 3 into the measuring path. The directional coupler is made in the form of a slotted bridge [see, for example, A.L. Drabkin, V.L. Zuzenko "Antenna-feeder devices." M .: Sov. Radio, 1964, pp. 748-749, fig. XIX.44]. In the measuring path using existing technical means of the company

and Kär: attenuators M-34706-2, charge amplifiers type 2626, 2628, recorder type 2307, spectrum analyzer SCh-27.

To assess the wind waves (in points) use the Beaufort scale [see, for example, the Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ed. A.M. Prokhorova, 4th ed., Moscow: Sov. Encycl., 1089, p. 1632].

Extract from the Beaufort scale is presented in table 1.

The recorded wind wave spectra are illustrated by graphs of FIG. 3 a) - one point, b) - three points. In the regions of anomalies, smoothing of the wind wave spectra and the absorption of fine ripples are observed.

Anomalies are observed at the places where internal waves exit to the surface, wake traces of vessels, when the surface is contaminated with oil products, plankton, duckweed, suspensions, etc., due to a change in the surface tension coefficient from 0.071 n / m (pure water) to 0.021 n / m ( oil film).

The spatial wave spectra measured on a model of a contaminated sea surface are illustrated in FIG. 4 with a point of excitement 2 points c) - oil film, d) - suspensions.

The effectiveness of the claimed technical solution is characterized by high metrological indicators, sufficient to create a base of reference signals used in calibrating aerospace sounding devices of coastal waters and assessing the degree of pollution.

Claims (1)

The measuring instrument of the reference spectra of waves of the sea surface is made on the basis of a microwave generator operating in the frequency pull mode loaded on the wave section with a horn antenna at the end to irradiate the sea surface with a controlled degree of pollution and wave count; in the waveguide section, a directional coupler, an attenuator and a phase shifter are sequentially included; part of the generator energy through a directional coupler, made in the form of a short-circuited cut-off of the waveguide, is transmitted to the measuring path from a series-connected power regulator and a crystal detector located in the coupler, a charge amplifier, a tracking filter, a recorder and a spectrum analyzer.

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